in either House of Congress, by death or otherwise, of any member or delegate, elected or appointed thereto after the commencement of the Congress to which he was elected or appointed, the person elected or appointed to fill it is compensated and paid from the time that the compensation of his predecessor ceased.

The monies appropriated for the compensation of members and officers, and for the contingent expenses of the Senate, are paid at the Treasury on requisitions drawn by the secretary of the Senate, and are kept disbursed and accounted for by him according to law, and he is deemed a disbursing officer. Within thirty days after entering upon the duties of his office, and before making any such requisition upon the Treasury, he gives a bond to the United States with one or more sureties to be approved by the first comptroller of the Treasury in the penal sum of $20,000, conditioned for the faithful application and disbursement of such funds as may be so drawn by him. The clerk of the House of Representatives in like manner, within thirty days after entering upon the duties of his office, and before making any requisition upon the Treasury to draw any portion of the monies appropriated for the contingent expenses of the House, gives a similar bond with sureties. These bonds are deposited in the office of the first comptroller of the Treasury. The secretary of the Senate and clerk of the House of Representatives prepare and submit to the two Houses respectively, at the commencement of each session of Congress, the following statements in writing: 1. A statement showing the names of all the clerks and other persons employed during the preceding year, or any part thereof, in their respective offices, and those of the messengers of the respective Houses; together with the time that each

clerk, &c., was actually employed, and the sums paid to each. This statement must also show whether such clerks, &c., have been usefully employed; whether the services of any of them can be dispensed with without detriment to the public service; and whether the removal of any particular persons and the appointment of others in their stead is required for the better despatch of business. 2. A statement, by items, of the manner in which the contingent fund for each House has been expended during the preceding fiscal year. This statement must give the names of every person to whom any portion of the fund has been paid; and if for anything furnished, the quantity and price; and if for any services rendered, the nature of such service, and the time employed, and the particular occasion or cause, in brief, that rendered such service necessary, and the amount of all former appropriations in each case on hand, either in the Treasury or in the hands of any disbursing officer or agent. Each of these statements exhibits also the several sums drawn by the secretary and clerk respectively from the Treasury, and the balances, if any, remaining in their hands.

The secretary and the clerk each require of the disbursing officers acting under their direction or authority, the return of precise and analytical statements and receipts for all monies expended by them, and the results of such returns, and the sums total are communicated annually to Congress by the secretary and clerk respectively. They also, as soon as may be after the close of each session of Congress, prepare and publish a statement of all appropriations made during the session, a statement of the new offices created and the salaries attached to each, and a statement of the offices and the salaries attached to which are increased, and the

amount of such increase. vertise once a-week, for at least four weeks, in one or more of the principal papers published in the District of Columbia, for sealed proposals for supplying the Senate and House of Representatives respectively, during the next session, with the necessary stationery, describing the kind of stationery required, and they must require the proposals to be accompanied with sufficient security for their performance. This does not prevent the secretary or clerk from contracting for separate parts of the supplies of stationery required to be furnished. The secretary and clerk, in disbursing the public moneys for the use of the two houses respectively, purchase only articles the growth and manufacture of the United States, provided the articles required can be procured of such growth and manufacture upon as good terms as to quality and price as are demanded for like articles of foreign growth and manufacture.

They respectively report to Congress, on the first day of each regular session, and at the expiration of their terms of service, a full and complete statement of all their receipts and expenditures as such officers, showing in detail the items of expense, classifying them under the proper appropriations, and also showing the aggregate thereof, and exhibiting in a clear and concise manner the exact condition of all public moneys by them received, paid out, and remaining in their possession as such officers.

They are respectively entitled, for transcribing and certifying extracts from the journal of the Senate, or the executive journal of the Senate when the injunction of secrecy has been removed, or from the journal of the House of Representatives, except when such transcripts are required by an officer of the United States in a matter relating to the duties of his

The secretary of the Senate, the clerk of the House of Representatives, the sergeant-at-arms, the postmasters of the Senate and House of Representatives, and the door-keeper of the House of Representatives, severally make out and return to Congress, on the first day of each regular session, and at the expiration of their respective terms of service, a full and complete account of all property belonging to the United States in their possession respectively at the time of returning such account.

The door-keepers of the Senate and House of Representatives perform the usual services pertaining to their respective offices during the session of Congress; and in the recess, under the direction of the secretary of the Senate and clerk of the House of Representatives, take care of the apartments occupied by the respective houses, and provide fuel and other accommodation for their subsequent session.

The joint committee on public printing appoints a competent person to edit such portion of the documents accompanying the annual reports of the departments as they may deem suitable for popular distribution, and prepare an alphabetical index thereto. No payment is made from the contingent fund of either house of Congress, unless sanctioned by the committee to audit and control the contingent expenses of the Senate, or the committee on accounts of the House of Representatives respectively. A Congressional Directory is compiled at each session of Congress, under the direction of the joint-committee on public printing, and the first edition for each session is ready for distribution within one week after the commencement thereof. Until a contract for publishing the debates of

Congress is made, these debates are printed by the public printer, under the direction of the joint-committee on public printing on the part of the Senate.

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.

The Library of Congress, composed of the books, maps, and other publications which now remain in existence from the collections united under the Act of January 26, 1802, chap. 2; the resolution of October 21, 1814; the Act of January 30, 1815, chap. 27; the Act of June 25, 1864, chap. 147, sec. 1; the resolution of July 25, 1866; the Act of March 2, 1867, chap. 167, sec. 1; and those added from time to time by purchase, exchange, donation, reservation from publications ordered by Congress, deposit to secure copyright, and otherwise, is preserved in the Capitol, in the rooms which were, on the 4th day of July 1872, appropriated to its use, and in such others as may be assigned thereto. It is arranged in two departments general library and a law library. The unexpended balance of any sums appropriated by Congress for the increase of the general library, together with such sums as may be appropriated to the same purpose, are laid out under the direction of a jointcommittee of Congress upon the library, consisting of three members of the Senate and three members of the House of Representatives. The incidental expense of the law library is paid out of the appropriation for the Library of Congress. The libra- | rian makes the purchases of books for the law library under the direction of and pursuant to the catalogue furnished him by the Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court.

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The joint-committee upon the library is authorised to establish regulations not inconsistent with law, in

relation to the Library of Congress, or either department thereof, and from time to time to alter, amend, and repeal the same; but such regulations as to the law library are subject to those imposed by the justices of the Supreme Court, as afterwards stated. And until they impose new regulations or restrictions, the care and business of the library continues to be regulated by such rules as may have been imposed by any lawful authority. The joint-committee may at any time exchange or otherwise dispose of duplicates, injured or wasted books of the library, or documents, or any other matter in the library not deemed proper to it, as they deem best; also from time to time appoint such agents as they deem requisite to carry into effect the donation and exchange of documents and other publications placed at their disposal for the purpose. The President solely appoints from time to time a librarian to take charge of the Library of Congress; and this librarian, before entering upon the duties of his office, gives a bond payable to the United States in such a sum and with such security as the joint-committee deem sufficient for the safe keeping of the books, maps, and furniture confided to his care, and for the faithful discharge of his trust, according to regulations established for the government of the library. This bond is deposited in the office of the secretary of the Senate. The librarian is entitled to a salary of $4000 a-year, and has numerous assistants at varying salaries.

No map is to be taken out of the library by any person, and no book except by the President, the VicePresident, senators, representatives, and delegates in Congress. The jointcommittee can grant the privilege of using and drawing books from the library in the same manner and sub

ject to the same regulations as members of Congress, to any of the following persons: 1st, heads of departments; 2d, the chief - justice and associate justices, the reporter and clerk of the Supreme Court; 3d, members of the diplomatic corps; 4th, the judges and clerk of the Court of Claims; 5th, the solicitorgeneral and assistant attorneys-general; 6th, the secretary of the Senate; 7th, the clerk of the House of Representatives; 8th, the chaplains of the two Houses of Congress; 9th, the solicitor of the Treasury; 10th, the financial agent of the joint-committee of the library; 11th, the Smithsonian Institution, through its secretary; 12th, any person when in the District of Columbia who has been President.

The justices of the Supreme Court have free access to the law library, and they are authorised to make regulations not inconsistent with law for the use of the same during the sittings of the court. But such regulations do not restrict any person authorised to take books from the library from having access to the law library, or using the books therein, in the same manner as he may be entitled to use the books of the general library.

Two copies of the journals and documents, and of each book printed by either House of Congress, well bound in calf, are deposited in the library, and must not be taken therefrom. Twenty-five copies of the public journals of the Senate and of

the House of Representatives are deposited in the library, to be delivered to members of Congress during any session, and to all other persons authorised by law to use the books in the library, upon their application to the librarian, and giving their responsible receipts for the same, in like manner as for other books.

The library collected by the Smithsonian Institution under the provisions of the Act of August 10, 1846, chap. 25, and removed from the building of that institution, with the consent of the regents thereof, to the Library of Congress, are, while there deposited, subject to the same regulations as the Library of Congress, except that the Smithsonian Institution has the use thereof in like manner as before its removal; and the public has access thereto, for purposes of consultation, on every ordinary week-day except during one month in each year, in the recess of Congress, when it may be closed for renovation. All the books, maps, and charts of the Smithsonian Library are properly cared for and preserved in like manner as are those of the Congressional Library, from which the Smithsonian Library shall not be removed except on reimbursement by the Smithsonian Institution to the Treasury of the United States of expenses incurred in binding and taking care of the same, or upon such terms and conditions as shall be mutually agreed upon by Congress and the regents of the institution.

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS. Except in case of a Presidential election prior to the ordinary period, as after stated, when the offices of President and Vice President both become vacant, the electors of Presi

dent and Vice-President are appointed in each state on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November in every fourth year succeeding every election of a President and Vice-President. The number of electors is equal to the number of senators and

representatives to which the several states are by law entitled at the time when the President and Vice-PresiIdent to be chosen come into office; except that, where no apportionment of representatives has been made after any enumeration at the time of choosing electors, the number of electors is according to the then existing apportionment of senators and representatives. Each state may, by law, provide for the filling of any vacancies which may occur in its college of electors when such college meets to give its electoral vote. Whenever any state has held an election for the purpose of choosing electors, and has failed to make a choice on the day prescribed by law, the electors may be appointed on a subsequent day in such a manner as the legislature of each state may direct. The electors for each state meet and give their votes upon the first Wednesday in December in the year in which they are appointed, at such place in each state as the legislature of such state directs. It is the duty of the executive of each state to cause three lists of the names of the electors to be made out and certified, and to be delivered to the electors on or before the day on which they are, as stated, to meet.

The electors vote for President and Vice-President respectively in the manner directed by the Constitution. They make and sign three certificates of all the votes given by them, each of which certificates contains two distinct lists, one of the votes for PresiIdent and the other of the votes for Vice-President, and annex to each of the certificates one of the said lists of the electors furnished to them by direction of the executive of the state. They seal up the certificates so made by them, and certify upon each that the lists of all the votes of such state given for President, and of all the votes given for Vice-President, are contained therein.

The electors dispose of these certificates thus: (1) by writing under their hands, or under the hands of a majority of them, they appoint a person to take charge of and deliver to the President of the Senate, at the seat of government, before the first Wednesday in January then next ensuing, one of the certificates; (2) they forthwith forward by the postoffice to the President of the Senate, at the seat of government, one other of the certificates; (3) they forthwith cause the other certificate to be delivered to the judge of that district in which the electors assemble. Whenever a certificate of votes from any state has not been received at the seat of government on the said first Wednesday of January, the Secretary of State sends a special messenger to the district judge in whose custody one certificate of the votes from that state has been lodged, and such judge forthwith transmits that list to the seat of government. Congress shall be in session on the second Wednesday in February succeeding every meeting of the electors, and the certificates, or so many of them as have been received, are then opened, the votes counted, and the persons to fill the offices of President and VicePresident ascertained and declared, agreeable to the Constitution. case there is no President of the Senate at the seat of the government on the arrival of the persons intrusted with the certificates of the votes of the electors, then such persons deliver these certificates into the office of the Secretary of State, to be safely kept and delivered over as soon as may be to the President of the Senate.

In

By the Act of January 19, 1886 (chap. iv.), provision was made for the performance of the duties of the office of President in case of the removal, death, resignation, or inability both of the President and Vice-President, as follows-viz., in case of re