the United States, in such sums as the Secretary of War may direct, faithfully to account for all public moneys and property they may receive.

The adjutant-general, the quartermaster-general, the commissary-general of subsistence, the surgeon-general, the chief of engineers, the chief of ordnance, and the paymaster-general are appointed by selection from the corps to which they belong.

The President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints a chaplain for each regiment of coloured troops and thirty post chaplains, who must be regularly ordained ministers of some religious denomination in good standing at the time of appointment, and recommended by some authorised ecclesiastical body, or by not less than five accredited ministers of said denomination. Chaplains have the rank of captain of infantry, and are on the same footing with other officers of the army as to tenure of office, retirement, and pensions. Chaplains of regiments of coloured troops and post chaplains instruct the enlisted men in the common English branches of education, and when it is practicable they hold appropriate religious services for the benefit of the commands to which they are assigned to duty at least once on each Sunday, and perform appropriate religious burial services of all who die in such commands. Post, hospital, and regimental chaplains make monthly reports to the adjutant-general, through the usual military channels, of the moral condition and general history of their regiments or posts.

There are

5 regiments of artillery; 10 regiments of cavalry; 25 regiments of infantry; A corps of engineers, and 1 bat

talion of engineers. Each regiment of artillery consists of 12 batteries, 1 colonel, 1 lieutenant

colonel, 1 major for every four batteries, 1 adjutant, 1 quartermaster and commissary, 1 sergeant-major or quartermaster-sergeant, 1 chief musician, who is instructor of music, and 2 principal musicians. The adjutant and quartermaster are extra lieutenants, selected from the first or second lieutenants of the regiment. Each battery consists of 1 captain, 1 first lieutenant, 1 second lieutenant, 1 first sergeant, 1 quartermastersergeant, 4 sergeants, 4 corporals, 2 musicians, 2 artificers, 1 waggoner, and as many privates, not exceeding 122, as the President may direct. One first lieutenant, 1 second lieutenant, 2 sergeants, and 4 corporals may be added to this battery organisation at the discretion of the President.

One battery in each regiment of artillery, to be designated by the President, is equipped as light infantry, and one other battery may be so designated and equipped when the President deems it necessary.

Each regiment of cavalry consists of 12 troops, 1 colonel, 1 lieutenantcolonel, 3 majors, 1 adjutant, 1 quartermaster, 1 veterinary surgeon, with the rank of regimental sergeantmajor, 1 sergeant-major, 1 quartermaster-sergeant, 1 saddler sergeant, 1 chief musician, who is instructor of music, and 1 chief trumpeter.

2 as

sistant surgeons may be allowed to each regiment, and the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th regiments have an additional veterinary surgeon. The adjutant and the quartermaster of each regiment are extra lieutenants selected from the first or second lieutenants of the regiment. Each troop consists of 1 captain, 1 first lieutenant, 1 second lieutenant, 1 first sergeant, 1 quartermaster-sergeant, 5 sergeants, 4 corporals, 2 trumpeters, 2 farriers, 1 saddler, 1 waggoner, and such number of privates, not exceeding 100, as the President may direct. The enlisted men of two

regiments shall be coloured men. Any portion of the cavalry force may be armed and drilled as infantry or dismounted cavalry, at the discretion of the President.

Each regiment of infantry consists of 10 companies, 1 colonel, 1 lieutenant-colonel, 1 major, 1 adjutant, 1 quartermaster, 1 sergeant-major, 1 quartermaster-sergeant, 1 chief musician, who is instructor of music, and

extra

2 principal musicians. The adjutant and quartermaster are lieutenants selected from the first or second lieutenants of the regiment. Each company consists of 1 captain, 1 first lieutenant, 1 second lieutenant, 1 first sergeant, 1 quartermastersergeant, 4 sergeants, 4 corporals, 2 artificers, 2 musicians, 1 waggoner, and 50 privates, who may at the discretion of the President be increased not to exceed 100, whenever the exigencies of the service require it. The enlisted men of two regiments shall be coloured men.

The corps of engineers consists of 1 chief of engineers, with the rank of brigadier general, 6 colonels, 24 majors, 30 captains (mounted), 26 first lieutenants (mounted), and 10 second lieutenants (mounted); and the battalion consists of 5 companies, 1 sergeant-major, and 1 quartermastersergeant, who is also commissary sergeant. Each company consists of 10 sergeants, 10 corporals, 2 musicians, and as many privates of the first class, not exceeding 64, and as many privates of the second class, not exceeding 64, as the President may direct. A battalion adjutant, a battalion quartermaster, and appropriate officers to command the companies and battalion, are detailed from the corps. The enlisted men are instructed in and perform the duties of sappers, miners, and pontoniers, and aid in giving practical instruction in these branches at the Military Academy, &c. Engineers shall not assume or be

ordered on any duty beyond the line of their immediate profession, except by the special order of the President.

Recruits enlisting in the Army must be effective and able-bodied men, and between the ages of sixteen and thirty-five years at the time of enlistment; but this limitation of age does not apply to soldiers re-enlisting. No person under twenty-one years shall be enlisted or mustered in the military service of the United States without the written consent of his parents or guardians, if he has parents or guardians entitled to his custody and control. No minor under sixteen years, no insane or intoxicated person, no deserter from the military service of the United States, and no person who has been convicted of a felony, shall be enlisted or mustered into the military service. All enlistments in the army are for the term of five years. Νο officers shall use an enlisted man as a servant in any case whatever, and no enlisted man during his term of service shall be arrested on mesne process, or taken or charged in execution for any debt, unless it was contracted before his enlistment, and amounted to $20 when first contracted. Line officers superintend the cooking done for enlisted men.

The monthly pay, during the first term of enlistment of the enlisted men, is as follows-viz., sergeantmajors of cavalry, artillery, and infantry, $23; quartermaster-sergeants of do., $23; chief trumpeters of cavalry, principal musicians of artillery, saddler sergeants of cavalry, first sergeants of cavalry, artillery, and infantry, $22; sergeants of do., $17; corporals of cavalry and light artillery, corporals of artillery and infantry, saddlers of cavalry, blacksmiths and farriers of cavalry, $15; trumpeters of cavalry, musicians of artillery and infantry, privates of cavalry, artillery, and infantry, $13;

hospital stewards, first class, $30; second class, $22; third class, $20; ordnance sergeants of post, $34; sergeants major of engineers, $36; quartermaster-sergeants of engineers, $36; sergeants of engineers and ordnance, $34; corporals of do., $20; musicians of engineers, $13; privates of engineers and ordnance, first class, $17; second class, $13. In addition to these rates, $1 per month is added for the third year of enlistment, $1 more for the fourth year, and $1 more per month for the fifth year, making $3 per month increase during the last year of the first enlistment-but this increase is considered as retained pay not payable until his discharge, and forfeited if he does not serve honestly and faithfully until discharged. Every honourably discharged man who reenlists for a second term of five years within one month of discharge, is paid for such second term $2 per month in addition to the ordinary pay, and for each successive period of five years, as long as he remains continuously in the Army, a further sum of $1 per month. $1 per month of the pay of each re-enlisted man is retained and paid on his discharge, but forfeited if he does not honestly and faithfully serve until discharged. The President grants certificates of merit for distinguished services, entitling the soldier to $2 per month additional pay during his service as a soldier. Soldiers employed on public works, &c., as artificers or labourers, get extra pay. No assignment of pay by a non-commissioned officer or private previous to his discharge is valid. Sergeants and corporals of ordnance receive one ration and a half daily, other enlisted men one ration daily. When an enlisted man has served as such thirty years in the United States army or marine corps, either as a private or a noncommissioned officer or both,

he

| shall, by making application to the President, be placed on the retired list created by the laws of 1885, chap. 67, with the rank held by him at the date of retirement, and he shall thereafter receive 75 per cent of the pay and allowance of the rank upon which he was retired. Enlisted men detailed for ordnance service get extra-duty pay.

Chief musicians of regiments receive $60 a-month and the allowances of a quartermaster-sergeant; artificers of artillery and infantry, $15 per month; waggoner of cavalry, artillery, and infantry, $14 per month. The principal assistant in the Ordnance Bureau gets compensation, including pay and emoluments, not exceeding that of a major of ordnance.

The annual pay of officers of the Army is as follows, viz.: The general (when there is one), $13,500; lieutenant-general, $11,000; majorgeneral, $7500; brigadier - general, $5500; colonel, $3500; lieutenantcolonel, $3000; major, $2500; captain (mounted), $2000, (unmounted), $1800; adjutant, $1800; regimental quartermaster, $1800; first lieutenant (mounted), $1600, (unmounted), $1500; second lieutenant (mounted), $1500, (unmounted), $1400; chaplain, $1500; aid to major-general, $200 extra; aid to brigadier-general, $150 extra; acting assistant commissary, $100 extra; ordnance storekeeper at Springfield Armoury, $2500; all other storekeepers, $2000. all commissioned officers below the rank of brigadier-general, including chaplains and others having assimilated rank or pay, there is allowed and paid 10 per centum of their current yearly pay for each term of five years of service; but such total extra pay is not to exceed 40 per cent on the yearly pay of the grade. Brevet rank does not entitle to increase of pay. Officers when absent on account of wounds or sickness, or

To

lawfully absent from duty and waiting orders, receive full pay; when absent with leave for other causes, full pay during an annual aggregate of thirty days, and half-pay for any excess of thirty days. Absence without leave forfeits all pay during such absence, unless it be excused as unavoidable. In no case does a colonel's pay exceed $4500, or a lieutenantcolonel's $4000. By the laws of 1883, no person belonging to the Army or Navy shall be elected to or hold any civil office or appointment in any territory, except officers of the Army on the retired list.

Officers retired from active service receive 75 per cent of their rank's pay. The number of such retired officers shall be limited to 400. Officers wholly retired are allowed one year's pay upon retiring. An officer who has served forty consecutive years as a commissioned officer, upon application to the President, may be put upon the retired list; and when he has served thirty years, on his own application, at the discretion of the President. When any officer has served forty-five years as a commissioned officer, or is sixty-two years old, he may be retired at the discretion of the President. When an army retiring board finds an officer incapacitated for active service, and the President approves, he is placed on the list of retired officers. An Act was passed in 1882 to the effect that any officer who was supernumerary to permanent organisation of the army, as provided by law, might at his own request be honourably discharged from the Army, and should thereupon receive one year's pay for each five years of his service; but no officer should receive more than three years' pay in all.

No officer of the Army shall be employed on civil works or internal improvements, or be allowed to engage in the service of any incorporated

company. The number of officers detailed to act as presidents, superintendents, and professors of colleges and universities shall not exceed forty at any time. Promotions in the line are made through the whole army in its several lines of artillery, cavalry, and infantry respectively. Promotions in the staff of the army are made in the several departments and corps respectively. Sales of subsistence supplies to officers and men are made at cost price only, which is in all cases the invoice price of the last lot of the particular article received by the officer making the sale prior to the first day of the month in which the sale was made. A ration is computed at 20 cents.

The proper accounting officers of the Treasury examine into, ascertain, and determine the value of private property belonging to officers and men in the military service of the United States lost or destroyed in the military service not in time of war or hostilities with Indians. The liability of the Government is limited to such articles of personal property as the Secretary of War in his discretion decides to be reasonable, useful, necessary, and proper for such officer or soldier while in quarters engaged in the public service. Claims must be presented within two years from the occurrence of the loss or destruction, which must have arisen (1) without fault or negligence on the part of the claimant; (2) where shipped on board an unseaworthy vessel by order of any officer authorised to give such order or direct such shipment; (3) where it was in consequence of the claimant having given his attention to the saving of the property belonging to the United States, which was in danger at the same time and under similar circumstances.

No person who held a commission in the Army or Navy of the United States at the beginning of the late

The general (when there is one) may select from the Army not over 6 aids-de-camp, who, while serving on his staff, have the rank of colonel of cavalry. The lieutenantgeneral may select from the Army 2 aids and 1 military secretary, who have the rank of lieutenant-colonel while serving on his staff. Each major-general has 3 aids, who may be selected by him from captains or lieutenants of the Army. Each brigadier-general has 2 aids, who may be selected by him from lieutenants of the Army.

The maximum strength of the United States Army is not to exceed, at present, 2155 officers and 25,000 enlisted men, including Indian scouts and hospital stewards. During the year ending June 30, 1885, the number of officers retired was 520, the number of privates discharged 5610, the number who died 234, the number who deserted 2927, and the number enlisted and reenlisted 8490.

The Army is divided into (1) the Missouri Division, with headquarters at Chicago; (2) Atlantic Division, with headquarters at New York; and (3) Pacific Division, with headquarters at San Francisco, each division being commanded by a majorgeneral. The Missouri Division is divided into four departments, viz. (1) Missouri; (2) Texas; (3) Dakota ; (4) Platta, each commanded by a brigadier - general. The Atlantic Division includes the Department of the East, commanded by the major-general. The Pacific Division has two departments, viz.-(1) Cali

In every official Army Register the lineal rank of all officers of the Army are given separately for the different arms of the service; and if the officer be promoted from the ranks, or has served in the volunteer army, either as an enlisted man or officer, his service as a private and non-commissioned officer is given, and in addition thereto the record of his service as volunteer. All vacancies in the grade of second lieutenant are filled by appointment from the graduates of the Military Academy, so long as any such remain in service unassigned; and any vacancies thereafter remaining are filled by promotion of meritorious non-commissioned officers of the Army; and should there remain vacancies after exhausting the two classes named, they are filled by appointment of persons in civil life. To be eligible for promotion, noncommissioned officers must be reported by their regimental commanders as, in their opinion, by education, conduct, and services, seeming to merit advancement, and must have served not less than two years in the army; and the report must set forth in detail the non-commissioned officers' character, physical and mental qualifications, &c. Annually the department commander assembles a board of five officers to make a preliminary examination into the claims and qualifications of such non-commissioned officers. This board submits a full statement in the case of each candidate examined, and on these statements the department commander endorses his remarks, and forwards them to the Secretary of War, by the first day of June in each year. The chief of engineers,

and of other staff corps, may make similar recommendations of the noncommissioned officers of their respective commands, to the Secretary of