Enhancing the Prospects for Growth and Trade of the Kyrgyz RepublicWorld Bank Publications, 2005 - 180 pages The Kyrgyz Republic has made major strides in the past decade in its transition to a market-based economy. Its trade and investment policies are arguably the most liberal among the member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Despite the generally progressive stance on structural policies and a sound record of macroeconomic management in recent years, economic growth has been modest, living standards are low, a large burden of external debt has accumulated, and integration into global production and trade remains limited. The growth agenda must address more carefully the constraints to greater supply-side response to ongoing reforms--an agenda that can facilitate a broad-based growth of economic activity and exports. Risks to sustainability of current growth rates and continued poverty reduction will otherwise remain high as will the economy's vulnerability to external shocks. This report is aimed at assisting authorities fashioning this agenda by focusing on three key challenges: - Identifying strategic options to strengthen prospects for medium- and long-term growth and poverty reduction; - Assessing ways of leveraging domestic trade policy reforms and existing regional and multilateral trade agreements for further regional and global integration; and - Identifying key areas where greater efforts are necessary to facilitate improvements in enterprise capability and productivity. |
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Enhancing the Prospects for Growth and Trade of the Kyrgyz Republic World Bank,World Bank Publications No preview available - 2005 |
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accounting activities administration agencies agreements agricultural amending areas assessment average barriers capital changes Chapter climate companies competition costs countries customs discussed domestic economy effective efforts employment enterprises EURASEC exports external firms foreign further gold growth higher household implementation important improve income increase industry inspections instance institutional integration investment issues Kazakhstan Kyrgyz exports Kyrgyz Republic Kyrgyz Republic's labor lack liberalization licensing limited lines major manufacturing markets measures official operating percent poor poverty present problems procedures production rates reduce reform regime regional regulations regulatory relatively remain result rules Russia sector share significant skills Source standards strategy structure studies supply Table tariff technical tion trade transit transport wage weak workers World Bank
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Page ix - GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDP gross domestic product...
Page x - UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization US AID United States Agency for International Development VAT Value Added Tax WHO World Health Organization WTO World Trade Organization...
Page 60 - ... prospects for compliance. Set forth below is an overview of these topics, as well as a discussion of the mechanisms and tools available to the US Government to monitor and enforce China's implementation of its WTO obligations. China's WTO Commitments China's accession documents are unprecedented within the WTO or its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), in terms of their complexity, range of specific commitments, and number of deviations permitted at the time of accession.
Page 161 - ... cross-border supply"; Mode 2: consumers from one country making use of a service in another country (eg, tourism), officially known as "consumption abroad"; Mode 3: a company from one country setting up subsidiaries or branches to provide services in another country (eg...
Page 96 - liberalization index" developed by the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development to...
Page 161 - Services) as the supply of a service through any of the four ways, known as "modes of supply": Mode 1: services supplied from one country to another (eg, international telephone calls), officially known as "cross-border supply"; Mode 2: consumers from one country making use of a service in another country (eg, tourism), officially known as "consumption abroad...
Page 156 - A measure of variability computed by taking the positive square root of the variance. Coefficient of variation A measure of relative variability computed by dividing the standard deviation by the mean and multiplying by 100.
Page 46 - Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, re-investment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital, as shown in the balance of payments.
Page 164 - ... base." Provision of Commercial Services and Modes of Supply Although specific commitments under GATS are defined in terms of the four standard modes of supply (Mode 1: trans-border supply, Mode 2: consumption abroad, Mode 3: commercial presence, and Mode 4; presence of natural persons), the available services trade 151.
Page 161 - Mode 2: consumers from one country making use of a service in another country (like tourism), officially known as "consumption abroad"; Mode 3: a company from one country setting up subsidiaries or branches to provide services in another country (for exmaple, a bank from one country setting up operations in another country), officially known as "commercial presence"; and Mode 4: individuals traveling from their own country to supply services in another (such as an actress or construction worker),...