Natural Resources and Violent Conflict: Options and ActionsWorld Bank, 2003 - 409 pages Recent research undertaken by the Bank and others, suggest that developing countries face substantially higher risks of violent conflict, and poor governance if highly dependent on primary commodities. Revenues from the legal, or illegal exploitation of natural resources have financed devastating conflicts in large numbers of countries across regions. When a conflict erupts, it not only sweeps away decades of painstaking development efforts, but creates costs and consequences-economic, social, political, regional-that live on for decades. The outbreak of violent domestic conflict amounts to a spectacular failure of development-in essence, development in reverse. Even where countries initially manage to avoid violent conflict, large rents from natural resources can weaken state structures, and make governments less accountable, often leading to the emergence of secessionist rebellions, and all-out civil war. Although natural resources are never the sole source of conflict, and do not make conflict inevitable, the presence of abundant primary commodities, especially in low-income countries, exacerbates the risks of conflict and, if conflict does break out, tends to prolong it and makes it harder to resolve. As the Governance of Natural Resources Project (a research project) took shape, the discussion moved toward practical approaches and policies that could be adopted by the international community. This book presents the papers commissioned under the Governance of Natural Resources Project, offering a rich array of approaches and suggestions that are feeding into the international policy debate, and hopefully lead, over time to concerted international action, to help developing countries better manage their resource wealth, and turn this wealth into a driver of development rather than of conflict. |
From inside the book
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Page 44
... flows is to look at the payments that resource extraction companies make to the government . For this reason , non- governmental organizations and others focus primarily on company reporting . The first section explores what is known ...
... flows is to look at the payments that resource extraction companies make to the government . For this reason , non- governmental organizations and others focus primarily on company reporting . The first section explores what is known ...
Page 52
... flows through the central budget are likely to be more transparent than off - budget flows . He points out that , while we have “ no way of knowing , a priori , whether the scoundrels who wish to manipulate off - budget slush funds are ...
... flows through the central budget are likely to be more transparent than off - budget flows . He points out that , while we have “ no way of knowing , a priori , whether the scoundrels who wish to manipulate off - budget slush funds are ...
Page 55
... flows for their own organizational or personal ends . Such off - budget organizations often depend on the protection of powerful politicians , who also may benefit from the resource revenues . For example , former Indonesian president ...
... flows for their own organizational or personal ends . Such off - budget organizations often depend on the protection of powerful politicians , who also may benefit from the resource revenues . For example , former Indonesian president ...
Contents
How Wealth | 17 |
Who Gets the Money? Reporting Resource Revenues | 43 |
Where Did It Come From? Commodity | 97 |
Copyright | |
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activities Africa agencies agreement Angola assessment Basel convention certification civil coltan compliance conflict diamonds Control Risks Group convention corporate corruption criminal Democratic Republic developing countries economic effective enforcement ensure environmental example exploitation export financial institutions forest funds Global Compact Global Reporting Initiative Global Witness guidelines host governments human rights illegal logging illicit commodities impact implementation important industry initiatives instruments investment involved issues jurisdiction Kimberley process mechanisms ment mineral mining money laundering monitoring multilateral Myanmar natural resources nongovernmental organizations OECD operations participants payments Petroleum political potential programs rebel groups regime regional regulations relevant reporting Republic of Congo requirements resource curse resource extraction resource revenues risk role ROSC sanctions scheme Security Council social specific standards Sudan sustainable targeted timber tion tional tracking trafficking UN Global Compact United Nations voluntary World Bank