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FINANCING OF ELEMENTARY AND

SECONDARY EDUCATION

HEARINGS

BEFORE THE

GENERAL SUBCOMMITTEE ON EDUCATION.

Write L States. Congress.

Λ

House.

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

NINETY-SECOND CONGRESS

SECOND SESSION

ON

H.R. 44, H.R. 128, H.R. 981, H.R. 1491, H.R. 6179,
H.R. 6521, H.R. 7796, H.R. 12367, and
Related Bills

TO INCREASE EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES THROUGHOUT
THE NATION BY PROVIDING GRANTS FOR THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS AND SUP-
PLEMENTAL EDUCATIONAL CENTERS, AND FOR OTHER

PURPOSES

80-973 O

HEARINGS HELD IN WASHINGTON, D.C.,
FEBRUARY 28, 29; MARCH 1; APRIL 17, 18, 19, 26;
MAY 2, 4, AND 11, 1972

Printed for the use of the Committee on Education and Labor
CARL D. PERKINS, Chairman

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1972

COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR

EDITH GREEN, Oregon

CARL D. PERKINS, Kentucky, Chairman

FRANK THOMPSON, JR., New Jersey
JOHN H. DENT, Pennsylvania
ROMAN C. PUCINSKI, Illinois
DOMINICK V. DANIELS, New Jersey
JOHN BRADEMAS, Indiana
JAMES G. O'HARA, Michigan
AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS, California
WILLIAM D. FORD, Michigan
PATSY T. MINK, Hawaii
JAMES H. SCHEUER, New York
LLOYD MEEDS, Washington
PHILLIP BURTON, California
JOSEPH M. GAYDOS, Pennsylvania
WILLIAM "BILL" CLAY, Missouri
SHIRLEY CHISHOLM, New York
MARIO BIAGGI, New York
ELLA T. GRASSO, Connecticut
LOUISE DAY HICKS, Massachusetts
ROMANO L. MAZZOLI, Kentucky
HERMAN BADILLO, New York

KF27
E333

1972b

ALBERT H. QUIE, Minnesota
JOHN M. ASHBROOK, Ohio
ALPHONZO BELL, California
JOHN N. ERLENBORN, Illinois
JOHN R. DELLENBACK, Oregon
MARVIN L. ESCH, Michigan
EDWIN D. ESHLEMAN, Pennsylvania
WILLIAM A. STEIGER, Wisconsin
EARL F. LANDGREBE, Indiana
ORVAL HANSEN, Idaho

EARL B. RUTH, North Carolina EDWIN B. FORSYTHE, New Jersey VICTOR V. VEYSEY, California JACK F. KEMP, New York

PETER A. PEYSER, New York
CLIFFARD D. CARLSON, Illinois

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Carey, Mrs. Sarah C., assistant director, Lawyers' Committee for
Civil Rights Under Law, accompained by panel.

270

Hatter, Terry J., Jr., Western Center on Law and Poverty of Los
Angeles, Calif__

279

Haydock, Roger, legal assistant of Ramsey County, St. Paul, Minn...

Horton, Hon. Frank, a Representative in Congress from the State of

New York....

Johns, Roe, project director, national educational finance project,
accompanied by Kern Alexander, associate project director; and
K. Forbis Jordan, finance specialist, national education finance
project, and professor of education administration, University of
Florida

457

Karsh, Norman, Executive Director, President's Commission on
School Finance, accompanied by Wendell Pierce...

Kirst, Dr. Michael, Stanford University.

421

Statement of-Continued

Myers, Gill, Paul Van de Water, and Charles Revier, Advisory Com- Page mission on Intergovernmental Relations, as a panel. Ruvoldt, Harold, attorney, Jersey City, N.J.

507

317

Scott, Hon. Robert W., Governor of North Carolina, chairman of the education commission of the States representing the National Governors' Conference...

396

Selden, David, president of the American Federation of Teachers;
and Carl J. Megel, director of legislation of the American Federa-
tion of Teachers _ _
Walton, Clarence, president, the Catholic University of America,
accompanied by Bishop William E. McManus and Ivan E. Zylstra,
representing the President's Panel on Non-Public Education____
Prepared statements, letters, supplemental material, etc.:

Bell, Hon. Alphonzo, a Representative in Congress from the State of
California, "Inequities in School Finance: Implications of the
School Finance Cases and Proposed Federal Revenue Sharing
Programs," a compilation entitled..

Berke, Joel S., director, educational finance and governance program,
Policy Institute of the Syracuse University Research Corp., and
guest scholar at the Brookings Institution, statement by...
Carey, Sarah C., assistant director, Lawyers' Committee for Civil
Rights Under Law:

"A Brief Summary of Recent School Finance Reform Activity,"
a survey entitled__

"Civil Action-Opinion," superior court of New Jersey-
"Civil Action No. 68-175-SĂ", U.S. District Court, Western Dis-
trict of Texas__

127

540

157

492

268

234

208, 212

"Lawyers' Committee Expands Its Finance Project," a com-
mittee report entitled..

184

"L.A. 29820 (Super. Ct. No. 938254)," a Supreme Court case
entitled

186

"Memorandum and Order No. 3-71 Civ. 243," in the U.S. Dis-
trict Court of Minnesota_

203

Statement of..

178

"School Taxing and Spending Systems Valid Under Serrano v.
Priest," a paper entitled..

265

Dow, Hon. John G., a Representative in Congress from the State of
New York, statement of...

501

Ford, Hon. William D., a Representative in Congress from the State
of Michigan:

"Quality School Assistance Act," a statement entitled, delivered
on floor of the House, December 16, 1971___
"Quality School Assistance Act of 1972, cosponsors,'

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Hatter Terry J., Jr., Western Center on Law and Poverty, Los Angeles,
Calif., statement of..

276

Haydock, Roger S., chief counsel, Legal Assistance of Ramsey County,
Inc., St. Paul, Minn.:

Appendix I.-Results of school financing discrimination (charts).
Appendix II.-Article XX, section 1. Minnesota statutes 1969.-
Statement of..

Johns, R. L., project director, National Educational Finance Project,
letter to Chairman Pucinski, dated April 24, 1972, enclosing ques-
tions and answers.

291

294

289

477

Karsh, Norman, executive director, President's Commission on School
Finance, "Schools, People, and Money," summary of findings and

recommendations..

424

Kirst, Michael W., Schools of Education and Business Administra-
tion, Stanford University:

"Rationales for Differential Funding," a paper entitled..
Statement of...

611

605

Prepared statements, letters, supplemental material, etc.-Continued
Laverne, Senator Thomas, chairman, Education Committee of the New
York Senate:

Press summary of the Fleischmann's Commission's report_.
Report of the National Legislative Conference on School Finance-
Levin, Betsy, director of education studies, the Urban Institute,
Washington, D.C.:

California-Expenditures by type of district, 1968-69 (chart)____
California-Impact of statewide poverty tax alternative on
present tax rate (chart).

California-State income tax as an alternative to property tax for
education (chart).

Combined State/local tax burden for education by selected income
groups, 1968-69 (chart)..........

Page

342

390

589

603

604

594

Combined tax burden for sample States, 1968-69 (chart).
Comparison of teacher salary schedules, 1968–69 (chart) -

593

599

Effective property tax rates for education as a proportion of total
property taxes, 1968-69 (chart) –

590

Michigan measures of student need, 1968-69 (chart)

600

Property values and property tax rates by type of district, 1968-
69 (chart)

589

Revenue by source and type of district, all study States, 1968-69
(chart) _

591

Revenues by source and type of district, all study States, 1968-69
(chart)..

592

State sales tax an alternative to property tax for education
(chart).

602

Statement of..

487

Teacher characteristics, 1968-69 (chart) _ _

596

Mammenga, Sen. Gene, member, education committee, Minnesota
State Senate:

Comparison by school district of H.F. 5 (vetoed bill) and October
compromise bill (table)__

368

Comparison of present school maintenance mill rates with those
under proposed October compromise bill (table).
Outline of features of tax bill relating to school finance.

361

364

School finance reform and, property tax reduction; the Minnesota
experience - -

358

McElroy, Neil, chairman of the President's Commission on School
Finance, statement of..

421

McLoone, Dr. Eugene P., associate professor of Economics and
Education, University of Maryland:

"Finances of Large-City School Systems," a comparative analysis
entitled_

642

"HEW News," a press release..

643

641

Statement of..

Myers, Will, senior analyst, Advisory Commission on Intergovern-
mental Relations:

"ACIR Recommendations on the State Responsibility for Fi-
nancing Education and the State-Local Revenue System," an
article entitled_

524

"Published Reviews of the Advisory Commission on Inter-
governmental Relations," a list entitled

509

Statement of...

513

Pucinski, Hon. Roman C., chairman, General Subcommittee on
Education:

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Ruvoldt, Harold J., Jr., partner in the law firm of Ruvoldt & Ruvoldt,
special counsel to the cities of Jersey City, Paterson, Plainfield, and
East Orange:

Appendix I. "To Satisfy the Deep Hunger for Learning," an
address entitled___

313

Appendix II.-"Address to New Jersey School Boards Associa-
tion, Legislative Conference," January 29, 1972.
Statement of......

315

312

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