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Page 18
As the age of the biofilm lengthens the amount of biofilm removed by a particular dose ( concentration and time of application ) ... The greater the initial biomass on the surface the lower the rate of removal for a given ozone residual .
As the age of the biofilm lengthens the amount of biofilm removed by a particular dose ( concentration and time of application ) ... The greater the initial biomass on the surface the lower the rate of removal for a given ozone residual .
Page 19
removal as compared to biofilms established at chlorine levels < 0.1 mg / . From these observations some tentative conclusions may be made . It would appear that the older the biofilm the more resistant it is to the effects of ozone ...
removal as compared to biofilms established at chlorine levels < 0.1 mg / . From these observations some tentative conclusions may be made . It would appear that the older the biofilm the more resistant it is to the effects of ozone ...
Page 65
3.3 Removal Removal rates are usually considered to increase with deposit thickness and with fluid shear stress at the surface , the latter depending on the square of the velocity . Nevertheless , since high velocities tend to originate ...
3.3 Removal Removal rates are usually considered to increase with deposit thickness and with fluid shear stress at the surface , the latter depending on the square of the velocity . Nevertheless , since high velocities tend to originate ...
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Contents
Scale Formation During Nucleate Boiling A Review | 26 |
Change in Boiling Mechanism with Time | 33 |
Heat Transfer Models in the Presence of Deposit | 43 |
39 other sections not shown
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acid addition adhesion alloy anodic application attack biocide biofilm bubble carbon cathodic caused characteristics chemical chloride coatings composition concentration concrete containing cooling corrosion rate corrosion resistance cost decrease density depends deposit determined effect electrochemical Engineering environment equipment erosion evaluation experimental experiments Figure flow fluid formation formed fouling growth heat transfer higher impact important improved increase industrial influence inhibitor ions iron laboratory layer lower marine materials measurements mechanism metal method natural nickel observed obtained occurs operating organic oxide ozone paint particles passive performance phosphate pigment pitting plant potential present properties protection reaction reduced References removal samples scale seawater shown shows solution specimens stainless steel strength structure studied surface Table Technology temperature thickness treatment values various weld zinc