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Page 111
The protection is improved by the addition of Zn ( as ZnSO2 ) at a 1-2 ppm level . ... Orthophosphate ( OP ) - It is a cathodic inhibitor at concentration levels of 3-7 ppm and acts as an anodic inhibitor at levels of 12-20 ppm / 97 .
The protection is improved by the addition of Zn ( as ZnSO2 ) at a 1-2 ppm level . ... Orthophosphate ( OP ) - It is a cathodic inhibitor at concentration levels of 3-7 ppm and acts as an anodic inhibitor at levels of 12-20 ppm / 97 .
Page 183
In ozonated cooling tower water systems the pH level remains , usually , between 8.0 and 9.0 . ... Ozone levels higher than 0.2 ppm can cause pitting attack on mild steel and admiralty brass . Ozone levels between 0.05 to 0.10 ppm are ...
In ozonated cooling tower water systems the pH level remains , usually , between 8.0 and 9.0 . ... Ozone levels higher than 0.2 ppm can cause pitting attack on mild steel and admiralty brass . Ozone levels between 0.05 to 0.10 ppm are ...
Page 92
When chlorine levels are reduced below 0.2 mg / L , biofilms generally begin to develop , but ozone concentrations below 0.2 mg / L effectively remove biofilms in a short time / 38 / and even below 0.05 mg / L ozone is effective over ...
When chlorine levels are reduced below 0.2 mg / L , biofilms generally begin to develop , but ozone concentrations below 0.2 mg / L effectively remove biofilms in a short time / 38 / and even below 0.05 mg / L ozone is effective over ...
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Contents
Scale Formation During Nucleate Boiling A Review | 26 |
Change in Boiling Mechanism with Time | 33 |
Heat Transfer Models in the Presence of Deposit | 43 |
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acid addition adhesion alloy anodic application attack biocide biofilm bubble carbon cathodic caused characteristics chemical chloride coatings composition concentration concrete containing cooling corrosion rate corrosion resistance cost decrease density depends deposit determined effect electrochemical Engineering environment equipment erosion evaluation experimental experiments Figure flow fluid formation formed fouling growth heat transfer higher impact important improved increase industrial influence inhibitor ions iron laboratory layer lower marine materials measurements mechanism metal method natural nickel observed obtained occurs operating organic oxide ozone paint particles passive performance phosphate pigment pitting plant potential present properties protection reaction reduced References removal samples scale seawater shown shows solution specimens stainless steel strength structure studied surface Table Technology temperature thickness treatment values various weld zinc