§ 240.210-3 Recommended procedures: Operations.

(a) The facility supervisor should be experienced in the operation of the type of facility designed or, in the case of an innovated design, be adequately trained by responsible personnel in the operation of the facility.

(b) Alternate and standby disposal and operating procedures should be established for implementation during emergencies, air pollution episodes, and shutdown periods.

(c) Upon completion of facility construction, provision should be made for instruction of the staff in proper operation and maintenance procedures.

(d) A routine maintenance schedule should be established and followed.

(e) As-built engineering drawings of the facility should be provided at the conclusion of construction of the facility. These should be updated to show modifications by the owner as changes are made and should be readily available. A schematic showing the relationships of the various subsystems should also be available.

(f) Key operational procedures should be prominently posted.

(g) Equipment manuals, catalogs, spare parts lists, and spare parts should be readily available at the facility.

procedures:

Continuously recording instrumentation should be used as much as possible.

§ 240.211-3 Recommended procedures: Operations.

(a) Extensive monitoring and recordkeeping should be practiced during the first 12 to 18 months of operation of a new or renovated facility, during periods of high air pollution, and during periods of upset conditions at the facility.

(b) During other periods of more normal operation of the facility, less extensive monitoring and record keeping may be practiced if approved by the responsible agency.

(c) Operating records should be kept in a daily log and should include as a minimum:

(1) The total weight and volume (truck capacities may be used for volume determination) of solid waste received during each shift, including the number of loads received, the ownership or specific identity of delivery vehicles, the source and nature of the solid wastes accepted.

(2) Furnace and combustion chamber temperatures recorded at least every 60 minutes and as changes are made, including explanations for prolonged, abnormally high and low temperatures.

(3) Rate of operation, such as grate speed.

(4) Overfire and underfire air volumes and pressure and distribution recorded at least every 60 minutes and as changes are made.

(5) Weights of bottom ash, grate siftings, and fly ash, individually or com

bined, recorded at intervals appropriate to normal facility operation.

(6) Estimated percentages of unburned material in the bottom ash.

(7) Water used on each shift for bottom ash quenching and scrubber operation. Representative samples of process waters should be collected and analyzed as recommended by the responsible agency.

(8) Power produced and utilized each shift. If steam is produced, quality, production totals and consumption rates should be recorded.

(9) Auxiliary fuel used each shift.

(10) Gross calorific value of daily representative samples of bottom ash, grate siftings, and fly ash. (Sampling time should be varied so that all shifts are monitored on a weekly basis.)

(d) An annual report should be prepared which includes at least the following information:

(1) Minimum, average, and maximum daily volume and weight of waste received and processed, summarized on a monthly basis.

(2) A summary of the laboratory analyses including at least monthly averages.

(3) Number and qualifications of personnel in each job category; total manhours per week; number of State certified or licensed personnel; staffing deficiencies; and serious injuries, their cause and preventive measures instituted.

(4) An identification and brief discussion of major operational problems and solutions.

(5) Adequacy of operation and performance with regard to environmental requirements, the general level of housekeeping and maintenance, testing and reporting proficiency, and recommendations for corrective actions.

(6) A copy of all significant correspondence, reports, inspection reports, and any other communications from enforcement agencies.

(e) Methodology for evaluating the facility's performance should be devel

oped. Evaluation procedures recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency should be used whenever possible (see bibliography).

APPENDIX-RECOMMENDED BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. The Solid Waste Disposal Act as amended; Title II of Pub. L. 89-272, 89th Cong., S. 306, Oct. 20, 1965; Pub. L. 91-512, 91st Cong., H.R. 11833, Oct. 26, 1970. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971. 14 p. Reprinted 1972.

2. Seven incinerators; evaluation, discussions, and authors' closure. [Washington, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1971. 40 p.] (Includes discussions and authors' closure for "An evaluation of seven incinerators" by W. C. Achinger and L. E. Daniels.)

3. DeMarco, J., D. J. Keller, J. Leckman, and J. L. Newton. Municipal-scale incinerator design and operation. Public Health Service Publication No. 2012. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973. 98 p.

4. Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970; Pub. L. 91-596, 91st Cong., S. 2193, Dec. 29, 1970. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972.

5. Control techniques for particulate air pollutants. Publication AP-51. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, National Air Pollution Control Administration, 1969.

6. Zausner, E. R. An accounting system for incinerator operations. Public Health Service Publication No. 2032. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970. 17 p.

7. Achinger, W. C., and J. J. Giar, Testing manual for solid waste incinerators. [Cincinnati], U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1973. [372 p., loose-leaf.] [Open-file report, restricted distribution.]

8. Nader, J. S., W. Carter, and F. Jaye. Performance Specifications for Stationary Source Monitoring Systems. NTIS PB. 230 934/AS (1974).

Safety.

241.211-1 Requirement.

241.211-2 Recommended

Design.

procedures:

241.211-3 Recommended procedures: Oper

ations.

241.212 Records.

241.212-1 Requirement.

241.212-2 Recommended Design.

procedures:

241.212-3 Recommended procedures: Operations.

APPENDIX-RECOMMENDED BIBLIOGRAPHY

AUTHORITY: Sec. 209(a) of the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965 (Pub. L. 89-272) as amended by the Resource Recovery Act of 1970 (Pub. L. 91-512).

SOURCE: 39 FR 29333, Aug. 14, 1974, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A-General Provisions

§ 241.100 Scope.

(a) The guidelines are generally applicable to the land disposal of all solid waste materials. However, the guidelines do not apply to hazardous, agricultural, and mining wastes because of the lack of sufficient information upon which to base recommended procedures. Concerning the specific practice of land disposal of milled solid wastes, EPA guidance is contained in a position statement issued in November 1972.

(b) The requirement sections contained herein delineate minimum levels of performance required of any solid waste land disposal site operation. The recommended procedures sections are presented to suggest preferred methods by which the objectives of the requirements can be realized. The recommended procedures are based on the practice of sanitary landfilling municipal solid waste: Normally, residential, and commercial solid waste generted within a community. Sanitary landfilling is the most widely applied environmentally acceptable land disposal method. If techniques other than the recommended procedures are used, or wastes other

'Further guidance may be found in the EPA publication, "Sanitary Landfill Design and Operation," which served as a basis for the development of these guidelines.

than municipal solid wastes are disposed, it is the obligation of the proposed facility's owner and operator to demonstrate to the responsible agency in advance by means of engineering calculations and data that the techniques employed will satisfy the requirements.

(c) Pursuant to section 211 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended, these guidelines are mandatory for Federal agencies. In addition, they are recommended to State, interstate, regional, and local government agencies for use in their activities.

(d) These guidelines are intended to provide for environmentally acceptable land disposal site operations. The guidelines do not establish new standards but set forth requirements and recommended procedures to ensure that the design, construction, and operation of both existing and future land disposal sites meet the health and environmental standards for the area in which they are located. The guidelines are intended to apply equally to all solid waste generated by Federal agencies, regardless of whether processed or disposed of on or off Federal property; and solid waste generated by non-Federal entities, but processed or disposed of on Federal property. However, in the case of many Federal facilities such as Post Offices, military recruiting stations, and other offices, local community solid waste processing and disposal facilities are utilized, and processing and disposal is not within the management control of the Federal agency. Thus, implementation of the guidelines can be expected only in those situations where the Federal agency is able to exercise direct management control over the processing and disposal operations. However, every effort must be made by the responsible agency, where offsite facilities are utilized, to attain processing and disposal facilities that are in compliance with the guidelines. Where non-Federal generated solid waste is processed and disposed of on Federal land and/or facilities, those facilities and/or sites must be in compliance with these guidelines. Determination of compliance to meet the requirements of the guidelines rests with the responsible agency, and they

As used in these guidelines:

(a) "Cell" means compacted solid wastes that are enclosed by natural soil or cover material in a land disposal site.

(b) "Cover material" means soil or other suitable material that is used to cover compacted solid wastes in a land disposal site.

(c) "Daily cover" means cover material that is spread and compacted on the top and side slopes of compacted solid waste at least at the end of each operating day in order to control vectors, fire, moisture, and erosion and to assure an aesthetic appearance.

(d) "Final cover" means cover material that serves the same functions as daily cover but, in addition, may be permanently exposed on the surface.

(e) "Free moisture" means liquid that will drain freely by gravity from solid materials.

(f) "Groundwater" means water present in the saturated zone of an aquifer.

(g) "Hazardous wastes" means any waste or combination of wastes which pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or living organisms because such wastes are nondegradable or persistent in nature or because they can be biologically magnified, or because they can be lethal, or because they may otherwise cause or tend to cause detrimental cumulative effects.

(h) "Infectious waste" means: (1) Equipment, instruments, utensils, and fomites of a disposable nature from the rooms of patients who are suspected to have or have been diagnosed as having a communicable disease and must, therefore, be isolated as required by public health agencies; (2) laboratory wastes, such as pathological specimens (e.g. all tissues, specimens of blood elements, excreta, and secretions obtained from patients or laboratory animals) and disposable fomites (any substance that may harbor or transmit pathogenic organisms) at

tendant thereto; (3) surgical operating room pathologic specimens and disposable fomites attendant thereto and similar disposable materials from outpatient areas and emergency rooms.

(i) "Intermediate cover” means cover material that serves the same functions as daily cover, but must resist erosion for a longer period of time, because it is applied on areas where additional cells are not to be constructed for extended periods of time.

(j) "Leachate" means liquid that has percolated through solid waste and has extracted dissolved or suspended materials from it.

(k) "Municipal solid wastes" means normally, residential, and commercial solid waste generated within a community.

(1) "Open burning" means burning of solid wastes in the open, such as in an open dump.

(m) "Open dump" means a land disposal site at which solid wastes are disposed of in a manner that does not protect the environment, is susceptible to open burning, and is exposed to the elements, vectors, and scavengers.

(n) "Plans" means reports and drawings, including a narrative operating description, prepared to describe the land disposal site and its proposed operation.

(0) "Residue" means all the solids that remain after completion of thermal processing, including bottom ash, fly ash, and grate siftings.

(p) "Responsible agency" means the organizational element that has the legal duty to ensure that owners, operators or users of land disposal sites comply with these guidelines.

(q) "Runoff" means the portion of precipitation that drains from an area as surface flow.

(r) "Salvaging" means the controlled removal of waste materials for utilization.

(s) "Sanitary landfill" means a land disposal site employing an engineered method of disposing of solid wastes on land in a manner that minimizes environmental hazards by spreading the solid wastes in thin layers, compacting the solid wastes to the smallest practical volume, and applying and compacting cover material at the end of each operating day.

(t) "Scavenging" means uncontrolled removal of solid waste materials.

(u) "Sludge" means the accumulated semiliquid suspension of settled solids deposited from wastewaters or other fluids in tanks or basins. It does not include solids or dissolved material in domestic sewage or other significant pollutants in water resources, such as silt, dissolved or suspended solids in industrial wastewater effluents, dissolved materials in irrigation return flows or other common water pollutants.

(v) "Solid wastes" means garbage, refuse, sludges, and other discarded solid materials resulting from industrial and commercial operations and from community activities. It does not include solids or dissolved material in domestic sewage or other significant pollutants in water resources, such as silt, dissolved or suspended solids in industrial wastewater effluents, dissolved materials in irrigation return flows or other common water pollutants.

(w) "Vector" means a carrier, usually an arthropod, that is capable of transmitting a pathogen from one organism to another.

(x) "Water table" means the upper water level of a body of groundwater.

(y) "Working face" means that portion of the land disposal site where solid wastes are discharged and are spread and compacted prior to the placement of cover material.

Subpart B-Requirements and

Recommended Procedures

§ 241.200 Solid wastes accepted.

§ 241.200-1 Requirement.

In consultation with the responsible agencies the owner/operator shall determine what wastes shall be accepted and shall identify any special handling required. In general, only wastes for which the facility has been specifically designed shall be accepted; however, other wastes may be accepted if it has been demonstrated to the responsible agency that they can be satisfactorily disposed with the design capability of the facility or after appropriate facility modifications.