produce an exportable surplus of grain would be with us, for the same marketing problems that have brought about the unrest of the American farmer are present in every other grain-producing country. That fact becomes very evident when we read of the cooperative effort put forth by the farmers in other grain-producing countries in trying to solve their marketing problems. ANTHONY WAGNER.

STATEMENT OF R. D. HETZEL, ACTING CHAIRMAN EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF LAND GRANT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES, STATE COLLEGE, PA.

Mr. HETZEL. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, I am presuming to appear as the acting chairman of the executive committee of the American Association of Land Grant Colleges and Universities during the illness of Doctor Pierson.

The CHAIRMAN. Where do you live, Doctor?
Mr. HETZEL. At State College, Pa.

I should like merely to call the attention of the committee, sir, to the service of the land-grant colleges and universities. I think all members of this committee are quite conversant with this service.

I should like to state merely that we feel that in any consideration of agricultural betterment the work of these institutions, these various agencies, be considered to advantage. We feel that we have reached the point now where we desire to submit on the part of this association the suggestion that congressional legislation in support of this work be extended, first, by a law establishing in these various institutions experiment stations in mechanic arts charged with researches designed to determine a better method of using wastes, industrial and agricultural.

In the second place, we should like to suggest that the present extension work be extended to the point which was originally contemplated by congressional legislation by amendment either of the Capper-Ketcham Act or by the Smith-Lever Act, as would seem to the committee best designed to serve that purpose; believing that no matter in what way the agricultural problem is attacked these large educational services will still have to be depended upon in very large measure to aid.

And so we offer these two things, sir, in order to be of record in our willingness to continue in this service at this particular time, and it is our conviction that our 60 years of constructive ministry gives a measure of guaranty that we can continue to carry out our part of the service.

I should like, Mr. Chairman, to have Dean Marston, of Iowa State College, president of the association, say just a word and to put upon a record a brief written statement on behalf of the association. (Witness excused.)

STATEMENT OF ANSON MARSTON, PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION OF LAND GRANT COLLEGES AND EXPERIMENT STATIONS, IOWA STATE COLLEGE

Mr. MARSTON. I am president of the Association of Land Grant Colleges and Experiment Stations. I wish only to file on behalf of the association a written statement on these matters, which I have here. It contains a 1-page statement concerning the mechanic arts

measure and the text of a bill which is drafted following as closely as possible the Purnell Act passed in 1925, extending Federal aid for agricultural experiment station research. Attached to it also is a letter from the president of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers supporting this measure and asking for it in behalf of that society.

And, further, a letter from the American Farm Bureau Federation informing us as officials of the Land Grant College Association of the desire of the Farm Bureau Association have these experiment stations established and supported as an aid to agricultural engineering, the application of mechanization to the farm, and the utilization of agricultural and trade wastes.

With your permission, sir, I will file this statement.

(The documents referred to and submitted by Mr. Marston are here printed in full, as follows:)

PROPOSED BILL EXTENDING FEDERAL AID TO MECHANIC ARTS RESEARCHES

This measure is advocated by the Association of Land Grant Colleges and Universities, which has voted to place the measure first on the association's list of requested Federal legislation, and which is urging it as a part of the farm-relief legislation of the special session of Congress.

The measure is supported by the American Farm Bureau Federation and by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers as a part of the farmrelief program, as per letters attached hereto.

The measure is advocated as an important factor in farm relief, through additions to farm incomes by utilization of agricultural wastes, through development of wider and more efficient use of machinery, power, and eng neering methods in farming, through improvement of highways and rural transportation, through the extension of modern conveniences to farm homes, and through the expansion of home markets for agricultural products by wellrounded development of the mechanic arts industries in each State.

A suggested text for the n.easure is attached hereto. It provides that special attention shall be given to the utilization in the mechanic arts industries of trade wastes, including agricultural wastes. An example of such mechanic arts researches is the research now being conducted at Iowa State College under the direction of Dr. O. R. Sweeney in the utilization of cornstalks for making lumber substitute, paper, and a variety of other useful industrial products. The United States is already cooperating in this particular research through the medium of the Bureau of Standards. Similar researches are needed in the other States, and for utilizing other wastes.

The Federal aid will be for conducting mechanic arts researches of direct benefit in establishing and maintaining well-balanced mechanic arts industries in each State and Territory, including the promotion of the welfare of the industrial populations. The measure is believed to be an important part of a wise program of well-rounded industrial development in the United States. The amount suggested is $50,000 per annum in each State.

The text of the measure parallels very closely the text of the Purnell Act, already successfully in force since 1925, extending additional Federal aid to agricultural experiment stations in the land-grant colleges. The new measure is essential to complete and balance the program of Federal aid to industrial researches in the land-grant colleges and universities:

AN ACT To authorize an annual appropriation in order to aid in mechanic arts researches in engineering experiment stations organized in and otherwise supported by the colleges established in the several States and Territories under the provisions of an act approved July 2, 1862, entitled "An act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," and of the acts supplemental thereto

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of $50,000 for each fiscal year, beginning July 1, 1929, to be paid to each State and Territory in which an engineering experiment station, maintained regularly by funds not provided in this act, has been established and organized, or shall be established and organized within three years

after the passage of this act, by a college established in accordance with the provisions of an act approved July 2, 1862, entitled "An act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," and of the acts supplemental thereto; and the Secretary of shall include the sums authorized in this

act to be appropriated in the annual estimates of the Department of or in a separate estimate, as he may deem best.

SEC. 2. The funds appropriated pursuant to this act shall be applied only to paying the necessary expenses incurred by the said engineering experiment stations in conducting investigations and making experiments bearing directly on the preparation, manufacture, use, distribution, and marketing of mechanic arts materials and products, including the utilization in mechanic arts industries of agricultural and other trade wastes, and including such scientific researches as have for their purpose the establishment and maintenance of permanent and efficient mechanic arts industries and such economic and sociological investigations as have for their purpose the promotion of the welfare of the industrial classes and the development and improvement of their homes and home life, and for printing and disseminating the results of said investigations, experiments, and researches.

SEC. 3. That bulletins or reports of progress shall be published from time to time at said engineering experiment stations relating to their work, and these shall be sent free to newspapers and other publications, libraries, individuals, corporations, and institutions in such extent and in such manner as the directors of said engineering experiment stations shall prescribe. Such bulletins or reports and the annual reports of said stations shall be transmitted in the mails of the United States free of charge for postage, under such regulations as the Postmaster General may from time to time prescribe.

of the Secretary of

SEC. 4. That the sums hereby authorized to be appropriated to the States and Territories for the purposes provided in this act shall be annually paid in equal quarterly payments on the 1st day of January, April, July, and October of each year, beginning by the Secretary of the Treasury upon a warrant out of the Treasury of the United States, to the treasurer or other officer duly appointed by the governing boards of said engineering experiment stations to receive the same, and such officers shall be required to report to the Secretary of on or before the 1st day of September of each year a detailed statement of the amount so received and of its disbursement on schedules prescribed by the Secretary of The grants of money authorized by this act are made subject to legislative assent of the several States and Territories to the purpose of said grants: Provided, That payment of such installments of the appropriation as shall become due to any State or Territory before the adjournment of the regular session of the legislature meeting next after the passage of this act shall be made on the assent of the governor thereof duly certified to the Secretary of the Treasury. SEC. 5. That if any portion of the moneys received by the designated officer of any State or Territory for the purposes provided in this act shall by any action or contingency be diminished or lost or be misapplied it shall be replaced by said State or Territory to which it belongs, and until so replaced no subsequent appropriation shall be apportioned or paid to such State or Territory, and no portion of said moneys exceeding 10 per cent of each annual appropriation shall be applied directly or indirectly to the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings or to the purchase or rental of land. It shall be the duty of each of the said stations annually, on or before the 1st day of February, to make to the governor of the State or Territory in which it is located a full and detailed report of its operations, including a statement of receipts and expenditures for the fiscal year next preceding, a copy of which report shall be sent to each of the said stations and the Secretary of and the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. SEC. 6. That on or before the 1st day of July in each year after the passage of this act the Secretary of the shall ascertain and certify to the Secretary of the Treasury as to each State and Territory whether it is complying with the provisions of this act and is entitled to receive its share of the annual appropriation for mechanic arts research by engineering experiment stations under this act and the amount which thereupon each is entitled, respectively, to receive. If the Secretary of withholds from any State

or Territory a certificate for all or any part of its appropriation, the facts and reasons therefor shall be reported to the President and the amount involved shall be kept separate in the Treasury until the close of the next Congress

in order that the State or Territory may, if it shall so desire, appeal to Congress from the determination of the Secretary of If the next Congress shall not direct such sum to be paid, it shall be covered into the Treasury. The Secretary of is hereby charged with the proper administration of this law.

SEC. 7. That the Secretary of shall make an annual report to Congress on the receipts and expenditures and work of all the engineering experiment stations in the colleges organized in the States and Territories under the provisions of an act approved July 2, 1862, entitled "An act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," and of the acts supplemental thereto, and also whether all or any part of the appropriation of any State or Territory has been withheld; and if so, the amount withheld and the reason therefor. SEC. 8. That Congress may at any time amend, suspend, or repeal any or all the provisions of this act.

Dean ANSON MARSTON,

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS,
St. Joseph, Mich., March 21, 1929.

President Land Grant College Association,

Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa.

DEAR DEAN MARSTON: I am informed that yourself and President R. D. Hetzel, of Pennsylvania State College, are to appear before the Senate Agricultural Committee in Washington March 27 in support of the proposed bill for Federal aid to engineering experiment stations.

As president of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, I desire to indorse as strongly as possible your action in supporting the proposed Federal aid. I feel confident that the engineering principles that have been applied to other forms of industry in the past several years will be of inestimable value in promoting and maintaining agricultural prosperity.

There are many engineering problems in agriculture upon the solution of which the continued prosperity of our whole Nation is dependent to a large extent. The farmer needs scientific engineering aid in the solution of these problems many of which can not rightly be solved without further research of too costly a character for private capital to sustain.

Our agricultural experiment stations are busy with crop improvement and production problems and are not able to finance greatly needed research and investigation in agricultural engineering lines.

In case our society can be of any assistance to you in the matter, please be free to call upon us.

Sincerely yours,

WM. Boss, President.

AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FEDERATION.
Washington, D. C., January 3, 1929.

Dr. ANSON MARSTON,
President College of Engineering, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa.

MY DEAR DOCTOR MARSTON: At the tenth annual meeting of the American Farm Bureau Federation, recently adjourned, one of the new projects was outlined in these words: "We recommend that engineering experiment stations be established in connection with the land-grant colleges."

It seemed to be the thought of the resolutions committee, as well as of the voting delegates at this meeting, that the time had come to give fuller recoLnition to engineering research activities than is now possible. It seemed to be the thought of those present at our recent meeting that agriculture is in the stage of mechanization which industry has likewise recently experienced. If engineering experiment stations could be established in connection with our land-grant colleges, their work would be of benefit to the public at large, both in industry and agriculture, whereas the extensive research which is now going forward, mostly by industrial corporations, is quite naturally for their own specific good.

It seemed to be the opinion of the voting delegates, and was assuredly the opinion of the resolutions committee which reported this project, that if these engineering experiment stations could be established in connection with our land-grant colleges, experimentation along agricultural lines would receive its adequate share of attention. However, it was not the thought that these experimentation should be wholly confined to agricultural engineering experiments. The objective in all this seems to be that engineering experiment stations, if connected with land-grant colleges, would eventually come to be as prominent in their sphere of action as are the agricultural experiment stations at the present time, and would be of as much material advantage to our people at large.

It is not the present thought hastily to inject this project into legislation. An exchange of ideas relative to it should better be had, so that when a bill is drawn, incorporating the main thought contained in the above resolution, it can receive the support of all institutions or organizations which might be supposed to be interested in such an enterprise.

I should be pleased to have your thoughts upon this matter at your convenience.

Very truly yours,

AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FEDERATION,
CHESTER H. GRAY,

Washington Representative.

NOTE.-March 26. 1929. The measure submitted March 27, 1929, to the Senate Committee on Agriculture has been worked out in conference with Mr. Gray, as suggested in the above letter.

ANSON MARSTON, President.

Senator HEFLIN. Mr. Marston, as the matter now stands I do not know that the law requires the Federal Reserve Board to consult any interest in the country as to what its action will be regarding the raising of the rediscount rate. The report of the market yesterday shows that the sharp advance in the rates broke the price of wheat and the price of cotton. Do you not believe that it would be advisable for us to provide that when the board does raise its rate it should be required to confer with the agricultural interests, the manufacturing interests, the mercantile interests, and the labor interests of the country? Money is the lifeblood of business, as I said a moment ago; and when they sharply increase the rediscount rate it upsets business in every line and affects it injuriously. Ought there not to be some provision under which the board would have to consult the great body of business in the country before it did something that would so terribly upset business?

Mr. MARSTON. I do not feel that I am well qualified to give an opinion, Senator.

Senator HEFLIN. Just as an offhand opinion, would not that be well?

Mr. MARSTON. I operate a 320-acre farm in Iowa, and I am disturbed when the price of farm products breaks; and if anything can prevent that it would certainly have my approbation.

(Witness excused.)

STATEMENT OF GERALD W. CONNELL, SECRETARY MINNESOTA WHEAT GROWERS' ASSOCIATION, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Mr. CORNELL. I am the secretary of the Minnesota Wheat Growers' Association, a farm organization composed of 12,000 members.

I have a short brief and I would like to read from it and would be glad to have any questions or be interrupted at any time by any member of the committee.