ARTICLE II. It is understood for the purpose of this agreement, that no Indian scout of the Government of the United States of America shall be allowed to cross the boundary line, unless he goes as a guide and trailer, unarmed and with the proviso that, in no case, more than two scouts shall attend each Company or detachment. ARTICLE III. The reciprocal crossing agreed upon in Article I shall only take place in the uninhabited or desert parts of said boundary line. For the purposes of this agreement the uninhabited or desert parts are defined to be all points that are at least ten kilometers distant from any encampment or town of either country. ARTICLE IV. No crossing of troops of either country shall take place from Capitán Leal, a town on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande, eighty-four kilometers (52 English miles) above Piedras Negras, to the mouth of the Rio Grande. ARTICLE V. The Commander of troops crossing the frontier in pursuit of Indians, shall, at the ARTÍCULO II. Para los efectos de este convenio queda entendido que no se permitirá á ningún explorador indio (scout) del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos de América cruzar la línea divisoria, á no ser que vaya sin armas y como guía y práctico en las huellas. y en el concepto de que en ningún caso acompañarán más de dos indios exploradores (scouts) á cada compañía ó cada destacamento. ARTÍCULO III. El paso recíproco convenido en el artículo I no podrá hacerse sino por la parte despoblada y desierta de dicha línea divisoria. Para los efectos de este convenio se entienden por partes despobladas ó desiertas todos aquellos puntos distantes por lo menos diez kilómetros de cualquier campamento ó población de ambos países. ARTÍCULO IV. El paso de tropas de uno ú otro país no podrá tener lugar desde Capitán Leal, población en el lado mexicano del Rio Bravo á ochenta y cuatro kilómetros (52 milas inglesas) rio arriba de Piedras Negras, hasta la embocadura del Rio Bravo del Norte. ARTÍCULO V. El Jefe de las fuerzas que pasen la frontera en persecución de Indios, deberá, al time of crossing, or before if possible, give notice of his march to the nearest military commander, or civil authority, of the country whose territory he is about to enter. ARTICLE VI. The pursuing force shall retire to its own territory as soon as it shall have chastised Kid's band of hostile Indians, or have lost its trail; but if, during the pursuit of that band, it shall meet with other hostile Indians, it may chas tise them as if those first named were concerned. In no case shall the forces of the two countries, respectively, establish themselves or remain in the foreign territory for any time longer than is necessary to enable them to pursue the band whose trail they are following. The temporary loss of the trail, owing to rain or any other accident, shall not be deemed sufficient cause for abandoning the pursuit or for withdrawing the pursuing force, when there is a reasonable prospect of soon finding the trail again by means of a continued movement. ARTICLE VII. Any abuses that may be committed by the forces crossing into the territory of the other nation, shall be punished by the Government to which such forces belong, according to the gravity of crusar la línea divisoria ó antes si fuere posible, dar aviso de su marcha al Jefe militar ó á la autoridad civil más próxima del país á cuyo territorio va á entrar. ARTÍCULO VI. La fuerza perseguidora se retirará á su país tan luego como haya batido á la banda de indios sublevados de Kid ó perdido su huella; pero si durante la persecución de esta banda encontrare otros indios sublevados, podrá batirlos como si se tratara de aquéllos. En ningún caso podrán las fuerzas de los dos países, respectivamente,establecerse en territorio extranjero, ni permanecer en él más tiempo que és necesario para hacer la persecución de la partida cuya huella sigan. La interrupción temporal de la huella, por la lluvia ú otro accidente, no debe ser motivo para abandonar la persecución ni para retirar la fuerza perseguidora, cuando haya una perspectiva racional de volver á encontrar pronto esa huella por medio de un movimiento continuado. ARTÍCULO VII. Los abusos que cometan las fuerzas que pasen al territorio de la otra nación, serán castigados, según la gravedad de la ofensa y con arreglo á sus leyes, por el Gobierno de quien dependan, the offence and in conformity como si fuesen cometidos en with its laws, as if the abuses had been committed in its own territory, the said Government being further under obligation to withdraw the guilty parties from the frontier. ARTICLE VIII. In the case of offences committed by the inhabitants of one country against the force of the other that may be within the limits of the former, the Government of said country shall only be responsible to the Government of the other for denial of justice in the punishment of the guilty parties. ARTICLE IX. This provisional agreement shall remain in force until Kid's band of hostile Indians shall be wholly exterminated or rendered obedient to one of the two Governments. ARTICLE X. The Senate of the United Mexican States having authorized the President to conclude this agreement, it shall take effect immediately. In testimony whereof we have signed this agreement this 4th day of June, 1896. su propio territorio, quedando siempre obligado el mismo Gobierno á retirar de la frontera á los culpables. ARTÍCULO VIII. En los casos de delitos cometidos por los habitantes de un país contra la fuerza del otro, que esté dentro de los límites del primero, el Gobierno de este país solo es responsable para con el otro Gobierno por denegación de justicia en el castigo de los culpables. ARTÍCULO IX. Este Convenio provisional permanecerá en vigor mientras la banda de indios sublevados de Kid no fuere completamente exterminada ó reducida á la obediencia de uno de los dos Gobiernos. ARTÍCULO X. Habiendo el Senado de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos autorizado al Presidente para celebrar este Convenio, comenzará á tener efecto desde esta fecha. En testimonio de lo cual hemos firmado este Convenio el 4 de Junio, de 1896. RICHARD OLNEY. INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE FIELD. WAR DEPARTMENT, GENERAL ORDERS, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, Washington, April 24, 1863. The following "Instructions for the government of armies of the United States in the field," prepared by Francis Lieber, LL. D., and revised by a board of officers, of which Maj. Gen. E. A. Hitchcock is president, having been approved by the President of the United States, he commands that they be published for the information of all concerned. By order of the Secretary of War: E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant-General. SECTION I. Martial law-Military jurisdiction-Military necessity—Retaliation. 1. A place, district, or country occupied by an enemy stands, in consequence of the occupation, under the martial law of the invading or occupying army, whether any proclamation declaring martial law or any public warning to the inhabitants has been issued or not. Martial law is the immediate and direct effect and consequence of occupation or conquest. The presence of a hostile army proclaims its martial law. 2. Martial law does not cease during the hostile occupation, except by special proclamation ordered by the commander-in-chief, or by special mention in the treaty of peace concluding the war, when the occupation of a place or territory continues beyond the conclusion of peace as one of the conditions of the same. 3. Martial law in a hostile country consists in the suspension, by the occupying military authority, of the criminal and civil law, and of the domestic administration and government in the occupied place or territory, and in the substitution of military rule and force for the same, as well as in the dictation of general laws, as far as military necessity requires this suspension, substitution, or dictation. The commander of the forces may proclaim that the administration of all civil and penal law shall continue either wholly or in part, as in times of peace, unless otherwise ordered by the military authority. 4. Martial law is simple military authority exercised in accordance. with the laws and usages of war. Military oppression is not martial law; it is the abuse of the power which the law confers. As martial law is executed by military force, it is incumbent upon those who administer it to be strictly guided by the principles of justice, honor, and humanity-virtues adorning a soldier even more than other men, for the very reason that he possesses the power of his arms against the unarmed. 5. Martial law should be less stringent in places and countries fully occupied and fairly conquered. Much greater severity may be exercised in places or regions where actual hostilities exist, or are expected and must be prepared for. Its most complete sway is allowed-even in the commander's own country-when face to face with the enemy, because of the absolute necessities of the case, and of the paramount duty to defend the country against invasion. To save the country is paramount to all other considerations. 6. All civil and penal law shall continue to take its usual course in the enemy's places and territories under martial law, unless interrupted or stopped by order of the occupying military power; but all the functions of the hostile government-legislative, executive, or administrativewhether of a general, provincial, or local character, cease under martial law, or continue only with the sanction, or, if deemed necessary, the participation, of the occupier or invader. 7. Martial law extends to property and to persons, whether they are subjects of the enemy or aliens to that Government. 8. Consuls, among American and European nations, are not diplomatic agents. Nevertheless, their offices and persons will be subjected to martial law in cases of urgent necessity only; their property and business are not exempted. Any delinquency they commit against the established military rule may be punished as in the case of any other inhabitant, and such punishment furnishes no reasonable ground for international complaint. 9. The functions of ambassadors, ministers, or other diplomatic agents accredited by neutral powers to the hostile government cease, so far as regards the displaced government; but the conquering or occupying power usually recognizes them as temporarily accredited to itself. 10. Martial law affects chiefly the police and collection of public revenue and taxes, whether imposed by the expelled government or by the invader, and refers mainly to the support and efficiency of the army, its safety, and the safety of its operations. 11. The law of war does not only disclaim all cruelty and bad faith concerning engagements concluded with the enemy during the war, but also the breaking of stipulations solemnly contracted by the belligerents in time of peace, and avowedly intended to remain in force in case of war between the contracting powers. |