The professional judgment of funds that could be effectively applied to all activities exceeds the President's budget by $147,170,000: $19,370,000 for the Division of Research Facilities and Resources which is included in the "General research and services" appropriation; $19,300,000 for general research support; and $108,500,000 for health research facilities construction.

1. Grants

DIVISION OF RESEARCH FACILITIES AND RESOURCES

A. Research, difference of $17,745,000

General clinical research centers, $8,300,000.-An amount of $3,800,000 would provide the necessary funds required for continuing support to existing centers at the ceilings set by the National Advisory Research Resources Committee in order to achieve the program objectives of clinical study of human disease and biological problems. This increase would also provide the funds required for 10 supplemental grants to active centers for equipment, personnel, and expansion. An amount of $4,500,000 would provide funds to support 14 new centers. This includes $2,500,000 which would provide support for 10 discrete ambulatory clinical research centers as institutional resources with the same basic administrative and organizational guidelines as the inpatient centers program. From the experience of the investigators who utilize the general clinical research centers, it has become quite evident that outpatient facilities are required for the study of many patients before and after admission to the inpatient centers. Just as inpatient clinical research centers have provided an environment which is superior to the general ward for the conduct of controlled clinical experimentation, so special outpatient research clinics apart from the overburdened service departments would provide an analogous resource. Under the present conditions in which personnel and space are inadequate, a large number of important studies such as therapeutic trials on ambulatory patients with adequate scientific supervision are not being initiated.

Scientific evaluation, $45,000.-The difference would provide the necessary funds required to support scientific evaluation grants for consultative committees used to provide scientific advice on grant applications.

Special research resources, $5,650,000.-The difference would be effectively utilized for continuations, supplementation, and expansion of the special research resources program: $1,991,000 to provide increased support for continuation of active grants and $3,659,000 to support 24 new grants. The new grants would include: 12 computer centers which are of special importance at this time since Computers have been increasingly successful as process control tools in medical research and patient care; three biomedical engineering facilities; and 9 grants for analytical biochemistry instrumentation facilities and regional resources to provide materials which are otherwise unavailable to biomedical scientists in the region.

Scientific and technical information resources, $200,000.-The difference of $200,000 would provide support for on-going programs in the field of communication of information in biomedical and related sciences, research in new techLology and concepts for gathering and handling biomedical scientific information, and development of scientific reference centers dealing with specialized fields of biomedical knowledge.

Animal resources, $1,900,000.—This difference would be used to provide support for 23 new grants. New resource grants would be made to facilitate the Continuing development of institutional laboratory animal facilities programs by providing certain renovations, equipment, supplies and personnel as are required to meet optimal standards for care. Grants would also be made to include studies in the cause and control of natural occurring diseases, nutrition, genetics, behavior in relation to normalcy, and optimal environmental factors such as beat, light, humidity, cage size, exercise, etc. The development of more sophisticated equipment for housing animals should not only take into account the preeding factors, but also the efficiency of the operation in terms of manpower and cther costs.

Standards, compliance, and certification, $250,000.-This difference would provide funds for the continuing study and improvement of existing standards for research animal facilities. To meet the requirements of sophisticated medical investigations and to provide the best possible research model, emphasis Lust be placed on optimum rather than minimum requirements. Concurrent with the development of standards, there must be a carefully formulated program to determine compliance and a system of certification to identify those iLstitutions which meet standards previously agreed to.

Primare centers, $1,400,000.-This difference would be utilized to expedite the ultimate attainment of a fully developed research program since the rapidly escalating demands for subhuman primates in medical research make it imperative that every means at our disposal be fully and effectively utilized to further our basic knowledge in the housing, transportation, breeding, and disease control problems related to these animals.

B. Fellowships, no difference.

C. Training, difference of $250,000.

The difference of $250,000 would provide funds to support five additional training grants at the graduate level in the specific field of laboratory animal medicine in order to provide the professional competency necessary to support the highly complex and skilled demands inherent in a modern animal facility.

2. Direct operations

A. Collaborative studies, difference of $280,000

This activity supports studies carried out primarily by non-Government scientists in cooperation with the scientific and professional staff of this Division. The studies are financed by research contracts. The difference of $280,000 would provide increases in contracts for certain special research resources and highly specialized animal resources and the communications component of the pharmacology-toxicology program.

B. Professional and technical assistance, difference of $750,000

This program would provide consultants for all Public Health Service programs seeking guidance in the design, establishment, and operation of research animal facilities as well as professional and technical assistance in the development and operation of supporting activities such as diagnostic laboratories. Increasing value is also being placed on the development of research resources which will support scientists using animals as research tools. Funds could be effectively utilized to stimulate and develop additional research animal resources, such as a virus reference center, parasite reference center, taxonomy reference center, and a center for development and distribution of training aids, such as films, study sets, exhibits, and publications.

C. Review and approval of grants, difference of 20 positions and $275,000 The difference would provide additional funds and 20 positions needed for the scientific, professional, and clerical staff required for expansion of the several special grant programs of this Division. This activity is responsible for the processing, analyzing, and management of the grants and awards of the special grant programs and for construction administration, construction planning, and review of designs and specifications of the health research facilities program. D. Program direction, difference of five positions and $70,000

The difference would provide additional funds and five positions required for the overall planning, direction, coordination, and evaluation of the several programs of the Division of Research Facilities and Resources and for administrative services to the branches.

GENERAL RESEARCH SUPPORT

General research support, difference of $19,300,000.-The general research support grants program is administered by this Division and is supported by a uniform percentage, not to exceed 15 percent of the amounts appropriated for research projects, levied against each of the nine Institutes.

The difference of $19,300,000 would allow grants to be made to all eligible, approved institutions in amounts that would provide additional encouragement to institutions to meet emerging opportunities in research, to explore new and unorthodox scientific ideas, and to use research funds in ways that will contribute to long-range institutional development for the improvement of health research and of the research environment.

GRANTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF HEALTH RESEARCH FACILITIES

Health research facilities construction, difference of $108,500,000.-The Health Research Facilities Amendments of 1965 amended the Health Research Facilities Act of 1956 by authorizing $280 million over a 3-year period, fiscal 1967-69, for construction of new and improved non-Federal research facilities in the sciences related to health.

The needs of this program for 1967 have been derived from a consideration of the approved, unpaid applications currently on hand; those applications currently pending review at the April 1966 Advisory Council; and those applications programed and expected to be received during the early months of fiscal year 1967. As in the past years, the demand again has exceeded the funds available for institution-oriented facilities as evidenced by the approved but unpaid applications. It is quite apparent at this time that the program will enter fiscal year 1967 with a backlog of approximately $70 million in approved but unfunded applications. An estimate of $30 million of additional approved applications for the first half of the fiscal year is a conservative one.

The difference of $85 million will provide funds for construction of research facilities in newly established medical schools, additional research space in expanding medical and dental schools, special centers for pharmacology-toxieology, research centers in human reproduction, and dental research institutes. It will also provide for additional research areas in the rapidly expanding programs in the life sciences and environmental health sciences.

Concurrent with the development of a program for improvement of animal facilities and resources in support of medical research is the increasing need of institutions to improve or construct new animal facilities. The difference of $12,500,000 would fund the current requirements for improved institutional animal facilities. Although some funds are presently available on a 50-50 matching basis (HRF), additional legislation is required for authority to fund on a 75-25 matching basis.

Additional legislation is required for primate research center construction for which $3 million for nonmatching is needed. Facilities for the seven regional primate research centers (on a nonmatching basis) were limited to those considered absolutely essential to initiate the approved research programs and supporting services of each center. Five of the seven centers have now been completed, and the remaining two will be completed during fiscal year 1966; all have had growing active research programs underway for several years. Increasing knowledge of how to house and maintain the animals in these centers in a research environment; growing recognition of essential quarantine; isolation and conditioning facilities; increasing numbers of animals required; and recent evidence that supplies of these animals from their natural environment are becoming alarmingly limited, make it necessary to provide additional animal and supporting facilities. Further, experience gained from the operation of these centers has provided evidence that improved incineration facilities, emergency power sources, additional storage, and other similar facilities are becoming necessary for efficient operation.

The present authorization for construction for research on mental retardation is limited to $6 million in 1967. We could effectively use $14 million in 1967 for this purpose. OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH