Pneumocystis, Pneumonia, Second Edition,Peter D. Walzer CRC Press, 1993 M09 1 - 744 pages This edition examines all aspects of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, covering advances in understanding the basic biology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this pathogen. A section on topics in drug development is included. |
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Contents
In Vitro Cultivation | 3 |
Pneumocystis carinii Cell Structure | 25 |
Excystation Spore Release | 34 |
Biochemistry and Metabolism | 45 |
Carbohydrates | 58 |
Conclusions | 64 |
Molecular Genetics of Pneumocystis carinii | 73 |
Pneumocystis carinii Genes | 83 |
Case Reports | 364 |
Diagnosis and Pathology | 371 |
Outcome | 372 |
Unusual Pulmonary Manifestations of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia | 373 |
Pneumothorax | 374 |
Summary | 375 |
DIAGNOSIS | 379 |
Current Methods of Diagnosis | 381 |
Molecular Phylogeny of Pneuocystis carinii | 91 |
Antigenic Characteristics of Pneumocystis carinii | 107 |
Transmission and Epidemiology | 123 |
91 | 146 |
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 153 |
Pathological Features | 155 |
Classic Histopathology | 157 |
Unusual Histological Features | 158 |
Concomitant Processes | 171 |
ངམ | 173 |
References | 174 |
Animal Models | 181 |
The Classic CorticosteroidTreated Rat Model of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia | 182 |
Pneumocystis carinii Infection in Mice | 187 |
Development of Inoculated Rodent Models | 190 |
Pneumocystis carinii Infection in Immunodeficient Mice and Rats | 193 |
Pneumocystis carinii Infection in Other Mammals | 202 |
Pneumocystis carinii Strain and Species Variations | 209 |
Conclusion | 213 |
References | 215 |
Immunodeficient Mice | 223 |
scid Mice and Mechanisms of Immunity to P carinii | 225 |
Nonscid Mouse Models of P carinii | 227 |
P carinii Derived from Mouse Versus Other Species | 230 |
Synergy Between P carinii and Other Organisms | 231 |
Considerations for Colony Maintenance | 232 |
Mechanisms of Pneumocystis carinii Attachment to Lung Cells | 237 |
Pathogenic Mechanisms | 251 |
Humoral and Cellular Immunity | 267 |
Host Defense Effector Mechanisms and Pneumocystis carinii | 289 |
Nonphagocytic Mechanisms of Host Defense Against Pneumocystis carinii | 293 |
Cellular Immunity Cytokines and Epithelial Cells | 298 |
Evasion of Host Defense Effectors by Pneumocystis carinii | 303 |
Conclusions | 305 |
References | 306 |
CLINICAL FEATURES | 317 |
Clinical Manifestations in Children | 319 |
Asymptomatic Infection | 320 |
Immunocompromised Host | 321 |
Extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii Infection | 326 |
Prevention | 327 |
Clinical Manifestations in Adults | 331 |
Risk Groups for Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia | 332 |
Clinical Presentation and Markers for Disease Severity and Prognosis | 336 |
Clinical Course of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia | 345 |
Conclusion | 349 |
Extrapulmonary Infection and Other Unusual Manifestations of Pneumocystis carinii | 361 |
Extrapulmonary Infection | 362 |
Clinical Presentation | 363 |
Obtaining Specimens | 382 |
Stains | 388 |
Indirect Diagnostic Measures | 392 |
Conclusion | 394 |
References | 395 |
A Molecular Approach to the Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia | 403 |
Pneumocystis cariniiSpecific DNA Sequences | 404 |
Clinical Studies | 408 |
Epidemiology | 411 |
Conclusions | 412 |
Radiological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia | 415 |
Acute Infection | 416 |
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 423 |
Ultrasound | 427 |
Resolution of Infection | 430 |
Conclusions | 431 |
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION | 437 |
Current Regimens of Therapy and Prophylaxis | 439 |
Treatment | 440 |
Adjunctive Corticosteroids | 449 |
Prophylaxis | 450 |
Treatment and Prophylaxis in Pediatric Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection | 458 |
Conclusion and Future Directions | 459 |
References | 461 |
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations for Drug Dosing in the Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia | 467 |
TrimethoprimSulfamethoxazole | 468 |
Pentamidine | 473 |
TrimethoprimDapsone | 478 |
ClindamycinPrimaquine | 481 |
Experimental Therapies | 482 |
References | 483 |
Development of Models and Their Use to Discover New Drugs for Therapy and Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia | 487 |
Culture Method | 488 |
Culture Screen | 489 |
In Vitro Evaluations of Folate Pathway Antagonists | 494 |
Folate Antagonists in the Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii | 545 |
Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors | 554 |
Pentamidine and Related Compounds in the Treatment | 561 |
Drug Resistance | 577 |
Primaquine Other 8Aminoquinolines and Clindamycin | 585 |
Treatment Studies of Clindamycin and Primaquine | 597 |
Hydroxynaphthoquinones | 603 |
The Use of B13Glucan Synthesis Inhibitors for the Treatment | 615 |
Antipneumocystis Activity of Aerosolized Echinocandins | 624 |
Corticosteroids and Other Adjunctive Agents | 633 |
649 | |
701 | |
Common terms and phrases
acid acquired immunodeficiency syndrome activity aerosolized pentamidine AIDS patients Ann Intern anti-P antigen Antimicrob Agents Chemother assay biopsy bronchoalveolar lavage carinii antigens carinii organisms Chest clindamycin clinical compounds controls corticosteroids culture Cushion MT cystis carinii cysts dapsone detected DHFR diagnosis dihydrofolate reductase disease dose drugs echinocandin effects efficacy enzyme evaluation extrapulmonary fungi gene glycoprotein histological host Hughes WT immunosuppressed Infect Immun inhibition inhibitors inoculated interstitial isolated Kovacs lymphocytes macrophages Masur H metabolism mg/kg per day molecular molecule mouse parasite Parasitol pathogens Pathol patients with AIDS pentamidine Pneumocystis carinii infection Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia pneumocystis pneumonia pneumonitis primaquine prophylaxis protein Protozool 1991 pulmonary rat model rat-derived regimen reported respiratory response Rev Respir scid mice sequence serum Smith JW specific stain studies sulfamethoxazole surface glycoprotein therapy tion titers TMP-SMX toxicity treatment of Pneumocystis trimethoprim trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole trophic forms trophozoites ultrastructural virus vitro Walzer PD