TABLE II

PERCENTAGE VOTES CAST ARE OF TOTAL NUMBER OF MALES OF VOTING AGE BY PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

State

1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 1884

1888

1892

1896

1900

1904

1908

1. Alabama.

46.1 51.0

75.3

2. Arkansas.

42.0

72.7

74.4 58.
63.8 58.6 59.5 64.7
97.5 79.0 58.8 51.4 38.3 54.0 50.0 52.4 58.1
57.1 53.3 60.3
74.3 70.3 72.2

79.6

54.2

57.9

68.4

52.1

37.7

23.4

20. I

6. Delaware.

48.6

7. Florida.

69.9

8. Georgia..

82.3 69.5

64.2 65.8 76.7 63.5
70.6 67.5 86.4 61.0
53.7 56.4 61.9 72.7 75.4 76.8 83.6 72.6 80.2 77.2 77.7 78.3
75.4 88.2 83.6 81.4 75.9
72.3 55.8 62.2 49.0 41.0

57.0

9. Idaho.

....

52.7
51.0 63.0

35.4 23.4 22.9 22.I

96.7 98.1

10. Illinois.

II. Indiana.

80.2 97.5 80.7

70.1

70.4

92.8

92.8

12. Iowa.

63.8 68.3

64.4

59.4 71.2
80.0 77.4
84.0
24.4 36.0 71.5
62.0 75.7 85.6 91.4 83.0
38.2 57.5 62.4 77.2 71.0 68.4 78.3 72.3 87.2 85.6
78.8 69.7 72.8 48.0 47.I 47.9 42.5 34.3 20.7
63.5 65.8 68.0 52.6 65.6 76.7
68.3 64.7 57.0 56.1 48.5
64.2 45.2 52.2 68.5 77.2 74.5 74.9
78.8 63.1 54.6 52.9
56.4 56.1 53.4 54.9 55.7 51.6
98.0 84.1 62.8 56.6
62.2 78.7 75.3 76.3 80.9 73.1
66.3 71.3 70.6 67.7 77.8 67.1
74.4 82.3 48.4 47.8 41.7 17.2
63.3
72.2 73.4 72.3 77.8 74.0 76.5 79.7 71.8
59.6
60.4 62.4 54.6
58.3 44.3
75.3
66.5
74.1 79.9
55.5 57.2 54.I 57.5 46.6
77.5
73.8 66.1 75.0
77.5 76.0 74.5 71.8
67.6 64.7
77.9 77.8 71.1 70.8 66.1 60.0
86.0 78.2
55.7
86.3 85.4 79.7

81.1 82.0 88.3 83.4

89.2 95.I 92.2

83.4

85.5

81.8 74.7

75.3 85.6

32. Oklahoma.

65.1

33. Oregon.

34. Pennsylvania.

75.4

35. Rhode Island.

36. South Carolina.

53.0 69.8 68.4 65.0 69.2 75.4 78.8 61.9 76.7 79.9 72.5 99.7 65.1 42.6 31.1 38.5 38.0 39.0 77.3 60.2 96.1 83.0 42.6

58.3

65.2

72.1 58.3

42.4 48.2

72.0

65.9

72.8 64.5

42.4 50.1 47.6 44.4 34.5 28.6 25.9

62.4 59.2
48.5 46.3

28.5

18.8 20.5

37. South Dakota.

70.4

78.1

85.3 72.9 70.3

83.6 74.9
69.2

33.3 64.4 74.0 71.0 70.3 42.6 49.6 63.5

78.463.2

71.8

56.2

47.4

47.6

73.9

59.6 49.2 61.9 61.7

57.5 69.I 68.0

61.2

63.4

54.6 59.4 57.2

46.7

46.I

44. West Virginia.

46. Wyoming.

79.1 88.1

66.1 76.6 63.6

81.6

83.0 74.4 70.5 58.9

27.2

27.1

....

....

.

56.0

53.4

54.9

49.2

46.2

76.9 85.0 77.5 57.6

88.6 96.2 80.9

65.9 65.0 66.7 64.8

Median.

64.4 75.9 73.8 71.3
EXPLANATION OF TABLE II

74.0 66.8 71.1 63.4 58.4 60.5

The percentages presented in Table II comprise the only compilation of the percentages by states of males of voting
age who actually voted at presidential elections, that the writer knows of. The table was computed by the writer as follows:
the total vote (of all parties) for each election since 1856 by states was obtained from the compilation of the Fact Book,
referred to above; next, the total number of males of voting age for the decades ending in 1870, 1880, 1890, 1900, and 1910,
by states was obtained from the United States Census; the percentages were obtained by dividing the census figures into
the vote figures; where, as in 1872, the number of males of voting age was not given by the census, resort was made to
estimates of the number of males of voting age for 1872, based upon simple graphical interpolation.

the variability of percentage voting is smaller than in 1872 or 1880, and that combined with this, 1876 shows a higher median percentage voting. We have a case of lower variability around the higher median—an index of intelligent vote as compared with 1872 or 1880. It will also be seen that for 1876 more states showed their highest percentage voting than in 1872 or 1880. Moreover, while a majority of states, 19 as to 9 and 20 as to 10, showed decreasing percentage voting in 1872 and 1880, the year 1876 showed a large

Obtained from census figures of number of males of voting age for decades.

majority of states, 38 as to 2, having an increase in percentage voting. For the year 1896 there is a higher median percentage voting than in 1892 or 1900, and 13 states show high for 1896 as against 1 and 3 high for 1892 and 1900, respectively. Moreover, the majority of states in 1896 show increase percentage voting 25 to 15, as against majorities showing decreasing percentages in 1892 and 1900. For these reasons it is believed that the increasing variability is due to increased percentage voting, which in turn is evidence of increasing political intelligence.

Tables VIII and VI show respectively, the position of any state at every election year with reference to the percentage voting, and compare the states showing the highest and lowest percentages of

26. New Hampshire..

27. New Jersey.

81.2 81.8

28. New York.

45.6

88.8

76.5