Method. Aircraft should be used whenever possible to apply insecticides for regulatory purposes on mobile home parks and campgrounds since better insecticidal coverage is obtained.

Seasonal Limitation. Proper timing of the treatment is essential. The normal larval period is from about May 1 to June 15-a few days earlier in southern sections of the infested area and a few days later in more northern sections. Insecticides should not be applied until general egg hatch is complete in the area. Applications should be made when first, second, and third instar larvae are present. Best results are obtained if application can be delayed until the foliage of white oaks or other preferred hosts is 3 to 1⁄2 grown.

Certification Period. Until the next egglaying season, if not exposed to reinfestation.

Special Information. Carbaryl-Avoid using around beehives or in areas frequented by bees.

The pH of water used in mixing pesticides must be checked and adjusted within a range of pH 6.0-7.0 prior to mixing. The pH should be adjusted with commercially available phosphoric acid (85 percent). Generally, 31 ml. (one ounce) of phosphoric acid will adjust 190.0 liters (500 gallons) of water from a pH of 9.0 to the acceptable level.

Water-base sprays may dry out prior to contact with the foliage under conditions of high temperatures and/or low relative hu

midity. Ground personnel should be alerted to detect such occurrences.

Before and after application of Sevin 4 Oil, flush entire aircraft spray system with kerosene until system is clean. If Dylox 1.5 Oil is to be used, flush the entire aircraft spray system before and after application with water, drain all excess water from the system before filling with Dylox 1.5 Oil.

Carbaryl has a residual effectiveness for 7-10 days, Dylox for 3-5 days, when applied under similar environmental conditions. Field experience indicates that Dylox should not be applied to wet foliage or when rain may occur within 8 hours after application; rain occurring 2 hours after carbaryl application should not adversely affect the effectiveness of the material. In comparing pesticide costs, remember to include costs of additional materialsthat would be required with each pesticide, such as sticker or kerosene diluent.

Diflubenzuron--restricted to forest use (infrequently or sparsely populated areas).

5. Treatment of Outdoor Household Articles. The chemicals authorized for treatment of outdoor household articles, in accordance with the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.), are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency for use against gypsy moth and must be applied according to the label directions and the following instructions.

IV. Control Procedures-Gypsy Moth

A. Background. The control phase of the gypsy moth program is one of containment providing for: (1) Eradicative treatments of isolated infestations found in nonregulated territory; (2) suppression treatments in nonregulated areas in the periphery of the regulated area. Responsibility for most of the control efforts to suppress outbreak populations within the regulated area rests with the States and the U.S. Forest Service. Information on control of the gypsy moth for regulatory purposes is contained in section III of this manual.

Significant changes in control procedures or use of other than authorized pecticides must not be arbitrarily made in the field. Experience may indicate that a particular modification would be of value in accomplishing the objective of a control program. In such cases, consult your supervisor. If a decision is not within his authority, he will know the proper office to contact.

Formulations of several chemical pesticides are currently registered with EPA for control of gypsy moth. The pesticides carbaryl, diflubenzuron, trichlorfon, and acephate have been primarily used in programs involving PPQ participation. These formulations are approved by PPQ for use on gypsy moth control programs.

While certain authorized pesticides can be used in areas involving food and forage crops, efforts should be made to keep spray deposits in such areas at a minimum consistent with attaining the desired objective of the treatment. If conditions favor drift into nontarget areas, treatments should cease. Eradication treatments should be monitored to determine if residues are present. People

in the treatment areas must be notified prior to the program. An extensive public relations program is necessary when treatments are planned over residential areas. The objectives of the treatment and the description of the chemicals should be included. (Diflubenzuron is for forest use only.)

Carbaryl is highly toxic to bees. Generally, arrangements are made with the appropriate official of the cooperating State involved in the treatment program to insure that the domestic bee problem is satisfactorily handled. If bee hives are temporarily moved from the area scheduled for treatment, a minimum of one mile outside the spray boundaries is suggested. Bees sometimes fly several miles from the apiary, but as the distance to a treated area increases, the hazard decreases. It is not necessary to remove honey bee colonies from areas that are to be treated with diflubenzuron or trichlorfon.

In recent years pollen traps installed at the entrances of bee hives have been used with some success in lieu of moving the hives. The traps prevent pesticide-contaminated pollen from being carried into the hives. Information on these traps is available from PPQ District Offices.

A. Federal Bee Indemnification Program administered by the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS) provides for reimbursement to bee owners who sustain bee losses due to Federal-State treatment programs. This indemnification places certain responsibilities upon PPQ, ASCS, and bee owners before payments for bee losses are considered. PPQ District Offices should be aware of current policy and procedures related to the indemnification

program and insure that fulfillment of PPQ's responsibilities is adequately considered in program planning. Guidelines on PPQ responsibility for preventing bee destruction are available from PPQ National Program Planning Staff, Hyattsville, Maryland.

Current pesticide labels contain more specific and detailed information than was required in the past. PPQ personnel charged with planning and directing pest control programs must be familiar with label information. Copies of current pesticide labels are available from the PPQ National Program Planning Staff in Hyattsville, Maryland.

B. Authorized Pesticides. The following pesticides are authorized for control of gypsy moth in cooperative Federal-State programs as specifically listed on the pesticide label or in this manual.

Common Name, and Formulations carbaryl-Sevin®-Sprayable 80%, Sevin-- 4

Oil

trichlorfon-Dylox®-1.5 Oil diflubenzuron-Dimilin®-W-25 acephate-Orthene®-Forest Spray, Orthene®-Tree and Ornamental Spray pheromone-Disparlure 2.2% in gelatin microcapsules

virus-Gypchek nucleopolyhedrosis virus

C. Approved Treatments-Gypsy Moth. 1. Aerial application

a. Chemical Pesticides. Use treatments shown in section III, C., 4.c. of this manual (page 25). Exception is diflubenzuron which must be applied at same rate, but mixed in 4.68 liters (1⁄2 gallon) water.

diflubenzuron (Dimilin®-W-25):

Spray Mixture-per hectare (per acre): 67.25 grams (0.06 lb.) Water 4.68 liters (2 gallon)

Application rate: 4.68 liters per hectare (1⁄2 gallon per acre)

Dosage-Actual Insecticide: 16.81 grams per hectare (0.015 lb. per acre)

Dosages listed will be used to obtain control. Eradication programs (to reduce gypsy moth populations to below detectable levels) will require two applications of these pesticides 7-14 days apart when the larvae are active. Do not make more than two applications per year. This product restricted to forest use. Treatment must not be made to food or feed crops, pastures, urban areas, or residential areas.

b. Disparlure-Gypsy Moth Male Confusion Technique in Isolated Infestation. Use subject to approved experimental use permit.

Suppression of low-level populations of gypsy moth (less than 10 egg masses per acre) in isolated infestations can be used in

an integrated pest management program. The micro encapsulated material is applied aerially 5 days after male pupation is noted and a second application at 14 days following the first. Methods development and other staff personnel must be consulted concerning the mixing, application, and evaluation of the treatments.

Formulation: 2.2% disparlure in gelatin microcapsules (NCR)

Spray Mixture: 11.8 liters per hectare (1.25 gal. per acre) Add RA1645 latex sticker at 1% by weight of formulated material. Dosage-Actual Insecticide: 50 grams per hectare (20 grams per acre)

The formulated material must be agitated prior to mixing the sticker. Do not allow this material to settle in aircraft hopper overnight.

c. Gypchek (virus)—Gypsy Moth Suppression in Integrated Program utilizing Other Controls. Suppression in gypsy moth populations below 2500 egg masses per acre has been attained by the use of the virus. In demonstration blocks, the virus may be used under the direction of methods development personnel. Careful selection of the areas to be treated and a method for evaluation is essential in the initial treatments with this new biological insecticide.

Gypchek Biological Insecticide consists of polyhedra of the gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus and inert ingredients. Care must be taken in the mixing and applications of this product. Stickers and ultraviolet protectants may enhance performance of this product. Apply in sufficient spray mixture for thorough and uniform coverage. This spray mixture is for aerial application only. Application is at the rate of 2 gal. (U.S.) finished spray per acre. Use boom and nozzle systems designed to result in droplets with a mass media diameter of 150-400 microns. (For example: Beecomist 275 or flatfan 8006.)

Tank Mixture (per gallon) Gypchek-Amount to result in 25.0 to 125.0 million gypsy moth potency units per

acre.

Molasses-0.25 gallon

Chevron Sticker-3 fl. oz.

Shade-1.0 lb. (same amt. for 2 gal.)
Water-0.72 gallon

Important: Check pH of water from field source. If pH exceeds 7.5 or is below 5.5, add sufficient acid or base to adjust pH to approximately 7. Never Use Chlorinated Water in the Spray Formulation.

Mixing sequence for conventional mixing equipment.

1. Fill tank with water and start agitation. 2. Add acid or base if necessary to adjust

pH.

3. Add sunscreen (Shade") by slowly pouring onto the surface of mixture under agitation. Avoid large lumps of powder.

4. Add molasses by slowly pouring into water and mix thoroughly.

5. Add sticker.

6. Add GYPCHEK. Mixing time can be reduced by premixing Gypchek with a small amount of water in a blender before adding to tank mix. Final formulation should be mixed for 10-30 minutes.

Directions for Use. For foliar protection from gypsy moth larvae make 2 applications 7 to 10 days apart at the rate of 25.0 to 125.0 million gypsy moth potency units per acre in sufficient water for thorough and uniform coverage. Stickers and ultraviolet protectants may enhance performance of this product.

Dosages listed will be used to obtain control. Eradication programs (to reduce gypsy moth populations to below detectable levels) will require two applications of these pesticides 7-14 days apart when the larvae are active.

Diflubenzuron is restricted to forest use. D. General.-1. Size of Treatment Areas. The size of the area to be treated will vary depending upon program objectives, degree and density of infestation, distance from other known infestation, tree growth and terrain, natural spread potentials, and other local conditions. In nonregulated areas, all woody growth should be treated to a minimum distance of 1⁄2 mile from the infested sites. Where program objectives or local conditions so indicate, this minimum should be extended to one mile or more. Treatment of a larger area is indicated where infestation is well established and located in hilly terrain or higher elevations where the danger of spread of the insect is greater.

2. Seasonal Limitations. Formulations of the authorized pesticides are effective only against the larval stages of the gypsy moth. Proper timing of application is essential and is difficult to maintain in a large program. Actual spray dates will vary according to locality and insect development. The normal larval period of the moth is from about May 1 to June 15-a few days earlier in sourthern sections of the infested area and a few days later in the more northern sections.

Pesticides should not be applied until general hatch has occurred within the area. Egg hatch period in a particular locality may extend over a period of 30 days. Generally, female larvae have six instars, male larvae have five instars. Spray applications are most effective when first, second, and third instar larvae are present; avoid treatment of late larval stages with these pesticides. Best results are obtained if applications are made when leaves of oak or other preferred host trees are 3 to 1⁄2 grown.

3. Equipment. Sevin 4 Oil and Dylox 1.5 Oil are restricted to aircraft application.

Sevin Sprayable 80%, Dimilin, and Orthene can be applied by aircraft, mist blowers, and hydraulic spray equipment.

Due to variations of topography and woody growth in areas to be treated, more than one type of aircraft or ground equipment may be required. Multi-engine aircraft should be used to spray large unbroken forest areas and multi-engine or helicopters should be used over population centers. Small single-engine planes and helicopters should be used to treat scattered tree growth, hedgerows, and tree growth adjacent to sensitive areas. Such areas require precise, narrow-swath application. Truckmounted mist blowers can be used for treating woody growth along roadsides and in residential sections or recreational areas. Backpack mist blowers or sprayers can be used in areas inaccessible to other types of ground equipment.

E. Public Relations. Publicity on program operations is handled at the local level by cooperating agencies, who develop rural and community contacts in the immediate area of operation through various communications media available. These activities must be coordinated between agencies concerned to provide uniform, factual information to all segments of public interest. An extensive public relations program is necessary when treating populated areas to inform public about the pesticides being used. Information on pesticides is available form the being used. Information on pesticides is available from the manufacturers and the Hyattsville staff. All inquiries or complaints on program operations must be checked or investigated promptly and documented.

the

F. Biological Control. Many natural control factors reduce gypsy moth populations. Winter temperatures of -20°F. or lower kill eggs that are unprotected by snow or similar cover; and late spring frosts often reduce larval populations. Insectivorous birds feed to some extent on the caterpillars, and rodents eat larvae and pupae found on the forest floor. During severe outbreaks, when woodlands are entirely stripped of foliage, many larvae die of starvation. The "wilt," a polyhedral virus disease, attacks and kills catepillars and pupae. During some seasons it kills an enormous number of caterpillars and reduces localized infestation.

Numerous species of gypsy moth parasites and predators have been imported from Europe and Asia and released in the infested area in this country. Eleven parasites and two predators have been established. They have been helpful in keeping populations reduced but have not been effective in preventing serious outbreaks and resultant damage.

Formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a bacterium that infects and kills many species of lepidopterous larvae, are

registered for control of gypsy moth. Bt has not been used operationally on PPQ control programs but has been used by some States on their control programs. The major objections to Bt to date have been the need for multiple applications to obtain foliage protection (which can still leave many larvae in the treated area) and the relatively high cost of the material compared to chemical pesticides.

An ongoing research and development program is studying and testing various potential controls other than conventional chemical pesticides. These include the synthetic sex pheromone disparlure, and sterile moths.

V. Safety Precautions

Personnel safety must be a prime consideration at all times. Safety practices should be stressed in preprogram planning and supervisors must enforce on-the-job safety procedures.

Pesticides authorized for use vary in toxicity. If improperly used, they may injure people, wildlife, bees, etc. Specific safety precautions for each pesticide are listed on the product label. In addition, any special precautions listed in this manual shall be observed.

Keep pesticides in closed, properly-labeled containers in a dry place. Store them where they will not contaminate food or feed and where children and animals cannot reach them.

When handling a pesticide, follow all precautionary labeling.

Should there be contact through spillage or otherwise, wash immediately with soap and water. Should clothing become contaminated, launder before wearing again. Refer to PPQ Treatment Manual Section X for additional information.

Empty pesticide containers should be disposed of in an approved sanitary landfill, by incineration, or by other satisfactory methods approved by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency whereby they will not present a hazard or problem. Arrangements for disposal of such containers should be completed and thoroughly understood by all parties directly involved with a program prior to actual start of operations. PPQ District Offices should be consulted for pertinent information in States where operations are planned.

When applying a pesticide, it is essential to consider the potential impact of the pesticide on all components of the total environment which includes humans, crops, livestock, wildlife, aquatic life, and domesticated honey bees. Avoid contamination of lakes, streams, or ponds.

First Aid Suggestions. In case of accidental poisoning or as soon as any person shows symptoms of having been affected by any pesticides:

1. Remove the victim to a place where he/ she will be safe from any further contact with the pesticide.

2. Cause the victim to lie down and keep quiet.

3. Call a physician and inform him/her of the name and formulation of the pesticide in use and as to any first aid given.

4. If needed, the local poison control center telephone number may be found on the inside front cover of the local telephone directory.

[45 FR 15510, Mar. 11, 1980; 45 FR 24856, Apr. 11, 1980, as amended at 48 FR 39602, Sept. 1, 1983; 51 FR 21137, June 11, 1986]

Subpart-Japanese Beetle

SOURCE: 44 FR 24035, Apr. 24, 1979, unless otherwise noted.

QUARANTINE AND REGULATIONS

§ 301.48 Notice of quarantine, quarantine restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles.

(a) Pursuant to the provisions of sections 8 and 9 of the Plant Quarantine Act of August 20, 1912, as amended, and section 106 of the Federal Plant Pest Act (7 U.S.C. 161, 162, and 150ee), the Secretary of Agriculture heretofore determined after public hearing to quarantine the States of Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia in order to prevent the spread of the Japanese beetle, a dangerous insect injurious to cultivated crops and not theretofore widely prevalent or distributed within or throughout the United States.

(b) No person shall move any regulated article interstate from any regulated airport destined to any of the following States except in accordance with the conditions prescribed in this subpart: Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington.