Approved by the President, April 24, 1961-November 8, 1965 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR DECEMBER 1965 PREPARED IN THE LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE SERVICE Printed for the use of the Committee on Education and Labor 56-160 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1965 PURCHASED THROUGH DOC. EX. PROJECT, COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR ADAM C. POWELL, New York, Chairman CARL D. PERKINS, Kentucky FRANK THOMPSON, JR., New Jersey WILLIAM D. FORD, Michigan JAMES H. SCHEUER, New York WILLIAM H. AYRES, Ohio ROBERT P. GRIFFIN, Michigan LOUISE MAXIENNE DARGANS, Chief Clerk C. SUMNER STONE, Special Assistant to the Chairman LEON ABRAMSON, Chief Counsel for Labor-Management п LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Representative ADAM C. POWELL, Chairman, Committee on Education and Labor, NOVEMBER 17, 1965. U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. POWELL: In response to the request received from the Committee on Education and Labor, I am transmitting a report on "Legislation Concerning Education and Training Considered by the Committee on Education and Labor," including enactments approved April 24, 1961, to November 8, 1965. Part I of the report was prepared by Charles A. Quattlebaum, specialist in education on the staff of the Senior Specialists Division of the Legislative Reference Service. Part II was prepared by Frank Calhoun, legislative attorney on the staff of the American Law Division of the Service. Sincerely yours, HUGH L. ELSBREE, Director, Legislative Reference Service. FOREWORD Nearly 200 years ago we declared to the world not merely our independence but also our resolve to govern ourselves so as to guarantee all Americans equality of opportunity to pursue happiness and self-fulfillment. Today, through Federal activity in the field of education, we are constantly reaffirming our commitment to this goal. Purposeful progress in the education of all our citizens is the highway to the achievement of our national ideals, the means that justifies as well as fosters our ends. No one can deny the primary role of State government, private enterprise, and local initiative in providing and improving education in the United States. But the dedicated and energetic support of both the executive and the legislative branches of the Federal Government is essential to the success of our educational efforts. The concept of Federal support for education is not a new one in our Nation. This concept was voiced clearly in the Ordinance of 1785 and again in the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, both of which were enacted even before our present Constitution became a reality. During the early years of the Republic, nearly every Congress dealt with legislative proposals aimed at implementing that concept. These early Federal proposals concerned such matters as creating a national university, land grants, and grants of surplus Federal revenues to the States for the purpose of improving education. With the 1860's and the passage of the First Morrill Act, the principle of Federal-State cooperation in the field of education was firmly and finally established on a partnership basis. We have come a long way since the Northwest Ordinance, the proposals for a national university, and the passage of the Morrill Act. The education legislation passed by the Congresses from 1961 to the present is dramatic and concrete evidence that we as a people have come increasingly to regard education as the key to national progress. Under the Kennedy and Johnson administrations of the sixties, the executive and legislative branches of the Federal Government have established a record of support for education and training unmatched in the history of our country. On January 29, 1963, President John F. Kennedy, in a special message to the Congress, had this to say of the educational goals of our Nation: First, we must improve the quality of instruction provided in all of our schools and colleges; *** second, our educational system faces a major problem of quantity-coping with the needs of our expanding population and our children; *** and third, we must give special attention to increasing the opportunities and incentives for all Americans to develop their talents to the utmost * * * President Lyndon B. Johnson responded to the unmet challenges facing American education with vision and bold leadership. He encouraged the enactment of legislative landmarks by the 88th Congress which rightfully earned it the title of the "Education |