། uitable solutions. To accuse scientists who favor certain parts of the 11 under discussion as ignorant, mischievous, or malicious malcontents is malign such distinguished and eminent men as the committee chosen by the tional Academy of Sciences to investigate the production and control of ugs. Their recommendations have been in large part incorporated into 1552, and I consider it a privilege to find myself in their company in pporting changes in drug development. At the same time, I am eager to hear arguments against the bill, most pecially from the drug industry. Representatives of the industry will be st alert to any provisions which may be unworkable or inequitable, and one uld like their counsel. At present, however, I am of the opinion that ogress in solving some of the problems that plague medical school teachers, ysicians in practice, and patients alike are unlikely to be solved without gislation along the lines suggested by the National Academy of Sciences mmittee referred to previously and which are found in certain of the pro.sions of the current bill. PREPARED STATEMENT To be Read before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust & Monopoly July 20, 1961 Walter Modell, M.D. Resident and licensed to practice in New York State Born: Waterbury, Connecticut Associate Professor of Pharmacology 1089 I have already stated that I thought that the best solution to the health hazards due to excessive numbers of drugs, meretricious promotion and confusing drug nomenclature could come directly through self-control by the Pharmaceutical Industry. Enlightened self-interest could accomplish wonders even in something less than a pharmaceutical Utopia. Since I do not believe that the Industry at large is incorrigible and corrupt, I still feel that this would be the best way. However, there is not a scintilla of evidence that it has any such plans. In view of the imminent threat to our national health and the fact that some relief is urgently needed, I therefore find myself in favor of S 1552. Before going further, and at the risk of seeming to blow my own horn, I should like to expand my identification so that it provides a basis for the authority I need to testify before you. I do this also to explain how I have come to the opinions I hold, to demonstrate to you the basic nature of the problems involved, why they are critical threats to the teaching and practice of medicine in this country, why the present practices in drug marketing are a serious health menace and how the proposed legislation will provide relief. During the war I worked for the OSRD on war poisons and treatments for them. Thus I have had some basic training and experience in how people may be killed by drugs and also in how to save them from the effects of drugs. The latter, I assure you, is becoming by all odds the more difficult accomplishment. I was in the private practice of medicine as an internist and medical consultant from 1935 to 1955. I mention this to distinguish myself from the theoretician. I have had 20 years of hard practical experience with the problems of choosing and prescribing drugs for real patients and watching their reactions, both the good and the bad. Much of my consultation practice was with patients referred to me because of bad reactions to drugs or because of no results at all from standard drug therapy. Thus I have had considerable experience with drugs at the practitioner's end and at his level as well as with getting him out of difficulties which drugs have gotten him into. Ever since my internship I have also spent a large proportion of my time in research on drugs, some on laboratory animals, but for the most part with the effects of drugs in man and in devising methods for pursuing such examinations safely, precisely and meaningfully. Approximately 90 reports on this work by me have been published in medical journals. - Much of my time has been spert in teaching as well teaching medical students and teaching physicians about the effects of drugs in man and how to exploit them practically, effectively and safely in the practice of medicine. I have taught medical students at Cornell University Medical College, where I have held a teaching post continuously since my internship. The post-graduate instruction to physicians has been through various media; my original writing, the editing of books and of a specialty journal, and addresses to medical groups all over this country and to some in Great Britain. As a member of the Revision Committee of the United States Pharmacopeia, I participate in the selection of the drugs to be used therapeutically in this country. As Chairman of the Formulary Committee of the New York Hospital I help select the drugs which may be used in that great hospital. At present I am the Associate Professor of Pharmacology at Cornell University Medical College. I gave up my private practice in 1955 in order to do, on a |