SUBJECT 8.-The 100° S point of the saccharimeter In the report presented by the referee and written jointly by him and Francis P. Phelps, it was shown that two different saccharimeter scales are in general use. They are the French Scale and the International Sugar Scale, adopted by the Commission at the eighth session at Amsterdam. The former is used largely in France and the French colonies. It was shown that by taking the original data of the French investigators and recalculating the normal weight for the French Scale the correct value was 16.269 g instead of 16.29 g. The new value, 16.269 g, is in exact agreement with the value of the International Sugar Scale. SUBJECT 9.-Standardization of quartz control plates The referee expressed his thanks to Prof. Dr. Schönrock, his predecessor, who had reported on the conditions of testing quartz plates at the eighth session. The referee limited his report to a detailed discussion of the following questions: (1) Optical purity. (2) Identification marks. (3) Plate mounting. (4) Rotation measurements. (5) International exchange of quartz control plates. SUBJECT 10.-Test for the evaluation of the refining qualities of raw cane and beet sugar Referee, O. SPENGLER The report pointed out that in judging the refining qualities, a distinction must be made between cane and beet raw sugars. Methods applicable to both were discussed and recommended for use. SUBJECT 11.-Elimination of errors due to lead clarification in polarizing raw sugars Referee, K. SANDERA The report of the referee cited various investigations regarding the difference in polarization after wet and dry lead clarification. After a long discussion, the following recommendation was considered and adopted: "If no change in the sugar scale is or has been made, clarification shall be effected with standard lead subacetate solution (3d Session Int. Comm. Paris, 1900); but if a change from the Herzfeld-Schönrock scale to the International Sugar Scale is made, then clarification shall be effected with standard dry lead subacetate (Horne's dry lead)." SUBJECT 12.—The determination of raffinose Referee, J. VONDRAK In comparing the rapid optical method of Osborn and Zisch with the enzyme method of Paine and Balch, the referee considered that the close agreement obtained on products from American beet-sugar factories could be explained only by the compensation of the rotation of particular nonsugars, since these substances are far from being optically inactive, even in acid solution. It was further stated that the method of Osborn and Zisch or any new method for the determination of raffinose must be judged by its capacity to give results always in close agreement with those obtained by the basic methods, working with enzymes. SUBJECT 13.-Colorimetry in the sugar industry Referee, V. SAZAVSKY In the referee's report which was adopted, it was recommended that absolute measurement be introduced as far as possible into factory and commercial control. It was suggested that the program of the section be extended to include the measurement of turbidity and reflection. SUBJECT 14.-Values of Clerget divisors for the more widely used inversion methods Referee, F. W. ZERBAN The work of a number of investigators was covered in the report of the referec. The lack of sufficient analytical data caused the referee to recommend the following: "It is recommended that the resolution adopted at the eighth session be repeated, and that a further study be made of the three subjects mentioned therein." This recommendation was agreed to by the Commission. SUBJECT 15.-Determination of water in sugars and sugar products by drying methods Referee, H. C. S. DE WHALLEY The report of the referee covered a number of the methods in use in the various countries. Included in the methods recommended and adopted were the following: "(1) That the standard method for moisture in refined sugars and normal raws should be carried out in a vacuum oven at 60° C, pressure not exceeding 5 cm, oven bled with current of dry air, drying to constant weight, and dishes to be metal with close-fitting lids with knobs. "(2) That the standard method for estimation of water in beet molasses, low-ash cane sirups, and golden sirups, should be carried out in vacuum ovens bled with dry air at 70° C, or preferably 60° C, with a pressure not exceeding 5 cm; metal dishes with close-fitting lids with knob should be used and that with 1 g of solids approximately 25 to 30 g of 40 to 60 mesh white quartz sand should be used; water being added to facilitate admixture with the sand and then drying until 2 hourly weighings do not differ by 0.5 mg.' SUBJECT 16.-Determination of the hydrogen-ion concentration of sugar-factory products Referee, K. SMOLENSKI It was agreed to defer this subject until the next session of the Commission. SUBJECT 17.-Analysis and evaluation of refined sugars Referee, K. SANDERA The report of the referee showed the lack of uniformity in the tests made in the various countries in the evaluation of refined sugar, and gave a detailed discussion of some of the methods. He suggested that a selection be made of the tests most widely used in the evaluation of refined sugars, that these tests be investigated, and that recommendations be drawn up for carrying them out in a uniform manner. 1. REFERENCES [1] F. C. Wiechmann, Sugar Analysis, p. 217 (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y., 1914); Z. Ver. deut. Zucker-Ind. 47, pt. 1, 235 (1897). [2] Z. Ver. deut. Zucker-Ind. 48,, pt. 1, 389 (1898). [3] Z. Ver. deut. Zucker-Ind. 50, pt. 1, 357 (1900). [4] Z. Ver. deut. Zucker-Ind. 53, pt. 2, 889 (1903). [5] Z. Ver. deut. Zucker-Ind. 56, pt. 2, 317 (1906); 57, pt. 1, 6 (1907); Int. Sugar J. 9, 5 (1907). [6] Z. Ver. deut. Zucker-Ind. 59, pt. 1, 434 (1909); Int. Sugar J. 11, 428 (1909). [7] Z. Ver. deut. Zucker-Ind. 63, pt. 1, 25 (1913); Int. Sugar J. 15, 7, (1913); Am. Sugar Ind. p. 62 (Nov. 1912). [8] F. J. Bates and R. F. Jackson, Bul. BS 13, 68 (1916) S268. [9] Int. Sugar J. 35, 17, 62 (1933). [10] Int. Sugar J. 39 (Jan. Suppl. 1937). XXXVIII APPENDIX 3.-UNITED STATES CUSTOMS REGULATIONS 1. REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE WEIGHING, TARING, SAMPLING, CLASSIFICATION, AND POLARIZATION OF IMPORTED SUGARS AND MOLASSES [Reprinted from the Customs Regulations of 1937] The following regulations promulgated by the United States Treasury Department are reproduced here because of their general interest. They were prepared with the cooperation of the National Bureau of Standards. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Art. 693. Duties of customs officers (T. D. 46513).—(a) Duties of entry clerks.Estimated duties shall be taken on the entry of Cuban raw sugar on the basis of not less than 96° polariscopic test unless the invoice shows the sugar is of a lower grade than that of the ordinary commercial shipment. (b) All customs officers and employees having duties to perform in connection with the treatment of imported sugars, sirups, and molasses are hereby instructed to use the utmost care and vigilance to insure that the work of weighing, gauging, sampling, classifying, and testing is accurately and efficiently performed. (c) Each inspector, weighing officer, gauging officer, and sampler shall be furnished with a copy of the regulations relative to sugars, sirups, and molasses. The appraiser shall notify the collector of the boundaries of sugar districts and the location of the examiner's or sampler's office in each district, and such information shall be furnished by the collector to the inspectors and weighing officers. The examiners and samplers in charge shall be held responsible by the appraiser for the strict and impartial enforcement of these regulations, and to this end they shall be notified relative to the time of discharge and weighing of sugar and molasses cargoes in their respective districts by the inspector or weigher in charge of the same. The (d) Duties of inspector.-Inspectors are directed to exercise a personal supervision over the discharging of sugar cargoes. They shall have their permits endorsed by the examiner or sampler in charge after the samples have been obtained in accordance with these regulations. Dock sweepings shall be gathered up and weighed and sampled when discharging has stopped for any cause. inspector is directed to keep, in every instance, an accurate account of the kind and number of packages of sweepings, which he shall endorse on the back of the permit or lighter manifest before it is presented to the appraiser's office for endorsement. If no sweepings are found, the inspector shall endorse the permit or manifest accordingly. (e) Duties of weighing officers.-The weighers shall do the actual weighing and recording of the results, and shall not permit any other person to handle the scales. They shall be required to exercise a strict scrutiny of the conditions under which the weighing is being done, shall keep the scales clean of all foreign accrction, to the end that atmospheric and other exterior influence inimical to accuracy may be avoided, and to obviate the possibility of any drafts passing over the scales unweighed or being reweighed. Scales with beam indicating 1 pound arc to be employed in weighing sugar wherever possible. Art. 694. Separation of shipments.-When an importation is consigned to two or more consignees, each consignee's merchandise shall be treated as a separate importation, provided separate entry is made therefor. Art. 695. Time of weighing and sampling.-All sugars and sugar products requiring either weighing or sampling shall have those operations performed at the time of unlading. Merchandise requiring both weighing and sampling shall have those operations performed simultaneously whether discharged under either a regular or a special permit. 903232 O 50-51 781 Art. 696. Absorption of sea water.-Inasmuch as the absorption of sea water or moisture reduces the polariscopic test of sugar, there shall be no allowance on account of increased weight of sugar importations due to unusual absorption of sea water or of moisture while on the voyage of importation. That portion of the cargo claimed by the importer to have absorbed sea water or moisture on the voyage of importation shall be weighed, sampled, classified, and tested separately. This claim must be made at the time of weighing. Special care must be taken that such sugars are sampled so as to represent the contents of the packages. Art. 697. Molasses not for extraction of sugar or for human consumption. (T. D. 48127.)-(a) Tariff Act of 1930, paragraph 502: * * * Molasses not imported to be commercially used for the extraction of sugar or for human consumption, three one-hundredths of 1 cent per pound of total sugars. (b) Such molasses may be released upon the deposit of estimated duties at the rate specified above upon compliance with the following conditions: (1) There shall be filed in connection with the entry an affidavit of the importer that the molasses is not to be used commercially for the extraction of sugar or for human consumption. For the purpose of these regulations, the phrase "molasses not imported to be commercially used for the extraction of sugar or for human consumption" shall be construed to include, in addition to molasses used in animal feed and other products not for human consumption, molasses which after importation is utilized in the production of articles such as yeast, vinegar, alcohol, rum, gin, or whisky, in such manner that fermentation or other chemical change alters its character and chemical composition so that molasses or sugar does not appear in the final product, and to exclude molasses used for the extraction of sugar, or used either in its condition as imported or after undergoing purifying or blending processes, or both, for table purposes or as a sweetening, coloring, or flavoring agent in the production of articles for human consumption. (2) If the molasses is entered for consumption there shall also be filed in connection with the entry a bond on customs form 7551 or 7553, with an added condition for the payment of the increased duty in the event the molasses is used contrary to the statements made in the above-mentioned affidavit. Liquidation of the entry shall be suspended pending proof of use or other disposition of the merchandise. (3) If the molasses is entered for warehouse the regular warehouse entry bond. customs form 7555, shall be given and withdrawals shall be made on customs form 7506. Estimated duty at the rate specified above shall be deposited at the time of withdrawal and the liquidation of the warehouse entry shall be suspended pending proof of use or other disposition of the merchandise. (4) Within 3 years from the date of entry (in the case of warehouse entries as well as consumption entries) the importer shall submit an affidavit of the superintendent or manager of the manufacturing plant stating the use to which the molasses has been put. If the collector is satisfied that the molasses has not been used in a manufacturing plant but was sold as molasses to the ultimate user, he may accept as proof of the nature of such use an affidavit of the wholesaler or other person making the final sale of the product. Such affidavit shall state the quantity sold and the purpose for which the seller understood the purchase to be made. All affidavits as to use provided for in this subparagraph should state affirmatively the particular use, but may be accepted as sufficient if they specify alternative uses, provided each of the uses so specified is a use other than for human consumption or for the extraction of sugar as defined in subparagraph (1). If the molasses has not been used in the United States, evidence of exportation or destruction satisfactory to the collector should be required. Affidavits as to use and affidavits or other documents showing exportation or destruction should, if practicable, be filed in duplicate, one copy to be forwarded to the comptroller of customs. (5) Upon satisfactory proof of use of the molasses for purposes other than for the extraction of sugar or for human consumption or of the exportation or destruction thereof the entry may be liquidated at the rate of three one-hundredths of 1 cent per pound of total sugars. When such proof of use or other disposition of the molasses is not made within 3 years from the date of the entry, or the use shown does not warrant the classification claimed, the entry shall be liquidated at the higher rate applicable under the first clause of paragraph 502. (6) Entries covering blackstrap molasses, as hereinafter defined, may be accepted and liquidated with duty at the rate of three one-hundredths of 1 cent per pound of total sugars after the filing of the affidavit prescribed in subparagraph (1) without compliance with the special requirements of subparagraphs (2), (3), |