These values are read at 20° C except where the temperature is specified otherwise in parentheses.
2 Rotation 5 minutes after solution.

The alpha-beta nomenclature is opposite to that of Hudson. See footnote 39, p. 425.
A hydrate (C12H24O14 H20 mp 140 to 142° C) crystallizes from aqueous solution.

H. S. Isbell and W. W. Pigman, J. Research NBS 18, 141 (1937) RP969.
(2) C. N. Riiber and J. Minsaas, Ber. deut. chem. Ges. 59, 2266 (1926).
[3] T. M. Lowry and G. F. Smith, J. Phys. Chem. 33, 9 (1929).

14] C. N. Riiber, J. Minsaas and R. T. Lyche, J. Chem. Soc. 1929, 2173.
[5] N. A. Sørensen, Kgl. Norske Videnskab. Selskabs, Skrifter, No. 2 (1937).
[6] A. W. van der Haar, Rec. trav. chim. 37, 108, 251 (1917).

7 P. P. T. Sah and C. Tseu, Chem. Abst. 30, 7105 (1936).

(8) J. W. Oldham and D. J. Bell, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 323 (1938).

19] K. Freudenberg and K. Smeykal, Ber. deut. chem. Ges. 39, 100 (1926).

[10] M. Onuki, Chem. Abst. 27, 2676 (1933).

11 S. W. Challinor, W. N. Haworth, and E. L. Hirst, J. Chem. Soc. 1931, 258.

[12] M. Onuki, Sci. Pap. Inst. Phys. Chem. Research (Tokyo) 20, 234 (1933); Chem. Abst. 28, 113 (1934).

[13] P. A. Levene, R. S. Tipson, and L. C. Kreider, Science 86, 332 (1937).

14 B. C. Hendricks and R. Rundle, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 2563 (1938).

[15] Zd. H. Skraup and R. Kremann, Monatsh. 22, 1045 (1901).

C. S. Hudson and E. Yanovsky, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 38, 1869 (1916).

[16] Z. Unna, Inaugural Dissertation, p. 22 (Berlin, 1911).

[17] C. S. Hudson and J. M. Johnson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 38, 1223 (1916). [18] J. Compton and M. L. Wolfrom, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56, 1160 (1934). [19] M. L. Wolfrom, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52, 2464 (1930).

(20) C. S. Hudson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 37, 1591 (1915).

121 E. Erwig and W. Koenigs, Ber. deut. chem. Ges. 22, 2207 (1889). CHC 122 C. S. Hudson and H. O. Parker, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 37, 1589 (1915).

123 F. Micheel and F. Suckfüll, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 502, 85 (1933).

[24] N. W. Pirie, Biochem. J. 30, 374 (1936).

[25] E. Fischer and E. F. Armstrong, Ber. deut. chem. Ges. 34, 2894 (1901); 35, 833 (1902)
Zd. H. Skraup and R. Kremann, Monatsh. 22, 379 (1901).

[26] H. H. Schlubach and R. Gilbert, Ber. deut. chem. Ges. 63, 2292 (1930).

27 H. Ohle, W. Marecek, and W. Bourjau, Ber. deut. chem. Ges. 62, 849 (1929).
28 M. L. Wolfrom, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57, 2498 (1935).

[29] E. Fischer, Ber. deut. chem. Ges. 28, 1155 (1895); E. Fischer and L. Beensch, Ber.
deut. chem. ges. 27, 2478 (1894).

[30] W. Koenigs and E. Knorr, Ber. deut. chem. Ges. 34, 979 (1901).
(31) J. W. Green and E. Pacsu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59, 1208 (1937).
(32) F. Micheel and O. Littmann, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 466, 115 (1928).
(33) J. K. Dale and C. S. Hudson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52, 2534 (1930).
(34) F. Micheel and F. Suckfüll, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 507, 138 (1933).
35 H. H. Schlubach and K. Moog, Ber. deut. chem. Ges. 56, 1957 (1923).
36 P. A. Levene and G. M. Meyer, J. Biol. Chem. 64, 473 (1925).

37 H. S. Isbell and H. L. Frush, BS J. Research 11, 649 (1933) RP613.
(38) L. Barth and H. Hlasiwetz, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 122, 96 (1862).

39 J. M. Brackenbury and F. W. Upson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55, 2512 (1933).

[40] J. U. W. Nef, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 403, 273 (1914).

[41] N. K. Richtmyer, R. M. Hann and C. S. Hudson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61, 340 (1939);
O. Ruff and A. Franz, Ber. 35, 948 (1902).

[42] J. W. E. Glattfeld and D. Macmillan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56, 2481 (1934).

43 P. A. Levene and R. S. Tipson, J. Biol. Chem. 93, 631 (1931).

[44] T. Komada, Bul. Chem. Soc. Japan 7, 211 (1932).

d-a-Galaheptonic acid.

Isbell's nomenclature used.

[1] H. S. Isbell, J. Research NBS 18, 505 (1937) RP990.

REFERENCES

[2] R. M. Hann, A. T. Merrill, and C. S. Hudson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 57, 2100 (1935). [3] E. Fischer, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 288, 139 (1895).

[4] R. M. Hann and C. S. Hudson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59, 1898 (1937).

[5] H. S. Isbell and H. L. Frush, J. Research NBS 24, 125 (1940) RP1274.

(6) H. Kiliani, Ber. deut. chem. Ges. 21, 915 (1888); 35, 493 (1922).

[7] L. Maquenne, Compt. rend. 106, 286 (1888).

[8] C. S. Hudson and S. Komatsu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 41, 1141 (1919). [9] C. S. Hudson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 39, 462 (1917).

Methyl B-d-8-galaheptopyranoside.

[3]

C&H 1607

462. 40 151-152
224. 21 154-155
224. 21 182-183

+30.2

+14, 000

2 CHCI2

108

-24, 200

4

H2O

+36.0

+8, 100

2

H2O

Methyl pentaacetyl-ẞ-d-ß-galaheptopyranoside [3]

C18H26O12

d-B-Galaheptonic amide.

[3]

d-B-Galaheptonic phenylhydrazide.

C13H 2007N2

! These values are read at 20° C except where the temperature is specified otherwise in parentheses.

? Isbell's nomenclature used.

[1] E. Fischer, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 288, 154 (1895).

[2] H. S. Isbell, J. Research NBS 18, 505 (1937) RP990.

[3] R. Hann and C. S. Hudson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59, 548 (1937).

[4] H. S. Isbell and H. L. Frush, J. Research NBS 24,125 (1940) RP1274.

REFERENCES