Reactive Halogen Compounds in the Atmosphere, Volume 4Peter Fabian, Onkar N. Singh Springer Science & Business Media, 1999 M04 9 - 230 pages Benign substances such as CFCs - nontoxic, noncorrosive, nonflammable and nonreactive with most other substances and considered ideal compounds for many purposes threaten our life protective shield, the atmospheric ozone layer. These "wonder compounds", drifting intact up to the stratosphere, are photolyzed there by the Sun's UV radiation releasing millions of tons of chlorine atoms each one capable of catalytically destroying thousands of ozone molecules. Scientific evidence clearly shows that chlorine and bromine compounds, such as CFCs, released into the atmosphere are responsible for continuous and progressing global ozone losses superimposed by dramatic seasonal ozone depletions over Antarctica and Arctic regions as well. Substitutes are produced and emitted today, partly halogenated hydrocarbons, some of which are highly reactive in the troposphere. Along with reactive substances of natural origin, they have opened a new dimension of atmospheric photochemistry. This handbook volume deals with these reactive halogen compounds and their interactions.It provides a review of the present knowledge of their properties, applications, sources, sinks as well as international regulations. |
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Common terms and phrases
abundance aerosol annual production anthropogenic applications Arctic Atmos Environ atmospheric concentrations atmospheric lifetimes average biomass burning budget calculated emissions carbon tetrachloride CCl4 CFCs CFCs 11 CH,Br CH,Cl CH3Br Chem chemical chemistry chlorine chlorine gases chlorofluorocarbons climate change consumption cycle dichloromethane emitted Environmental estimated Fabian fluorine fluorine compounds fluorocarbons flux foams fumigation gaseous Geophys Res Lett global emissions global production Graedel halocarbons halogen halons HCFCs HFCs hydrocarbons industrial inorganic iodine iodine compounds IPCC Khalil and Rasmussen Khalil MAK McCulloch measurements methyl bromide methyl chloride methyl chloroform Midgley PM mixing ratios Montreal Protocol Montzka observed oceans ozone depletion ozone layer Penkett perfluorocarbon photochemical pmol mol-¹ potential ppbv pptv processes production and emissions Rasmussen RA reaction reactive chlorine refrigeration release Singh soil solvents species stratosphere stratospheric ozone substances Table tetrafluoromethane Tg/yr tion tonnes trends troposphere UNEP yr¹