(E) Not more than 1 residue misidentification in any 2 consecutive check samples.

(F) Not more than 2 residue misidentifications in any 8 consecutive check samples.

(d) Refusal of accreditation. Upon a determination by the Administrator, a laboratory shall be refused accreditation for the following reasons:

(1) A laboratory shall be refused accreditation for moisture, protein, fat, and salt analysis for failure to meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section.

(2) A laboratory shall be refused accreditation for chemical residue analysis for failure to meet the requirements of paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section.

(3) A laboratory shall be refused subsequent accreditation for failure to return to an FSIS laboratory, by certified mail or private carrier, all official samples which have not been analyzed as of the notification of a loss of accreditation.

(4) A laboratory shall be refused accreditation if the applicant or any individual or entity responsibly connected with the applicant has been convicted of or is under indictment or if charges on an information have been brought against the applicant or responsibly connected individual or entity in any Federal or State court concerning the following violations of law:

(i) Any felony.

(ii) Any misdemeanor based upon acquiring, handling, or distributing of unwholesome, misbranded, or deceptively packaged food or upon fraud in connection with transactions in food.

(iii) Any misdemeanor based upon a false statement to any governmental agency.

(iv) Any misdemeanor based upon the offering, giving or receiving of a bribe or unlawful gratuity.

(e) Probation of accreditation. Upon a determination by the Administrator, a laboratory shall be placed on probation for the following reasons:

(1) If the laboratory fails to complete more than one interlaboratory accreditation maintenance check sample analysis within 12 consecutive

months as required by paragraphs (b)(3)(v) and (c)(3)(v) of this section.

(2) If the laboratory fails to meet any of the criteria set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(v) and ((b)(3)(ix) and (c)(3)(v) and (c)(3)(ix) of this section.

(f) Suspension of accreditation. The accreditation of a laboratory shall be suspended if the laboratory or any individual or entity responsibly connected with the laboratory is indicted or if charges on an information have been brought against the laboratory or responsibly connected individual or entity in any Federal or State court concerning any of the following violations of law:

(1) Any felony.

(2) Any misdemeanor based upon acquiring, handling or distributing of unwholesome, misbranded, or deceptively packaged food or upon fraud in connection with transactions in food.

(3) Any misdemeanor based upon a false statement to any governmental agency.

(4) Any misdemeanor based upon the offering, giving or receiving of a bribe or unlawful gratuity.

(g) Revocation of accreditation. The accreditation of a laboratory shall be revoked for the following reasons:

(1) An accredited laboratory which is only accredited to perform analysis under paragraph (b) of this section shall have its accreditation revoked for failure to meet any of the requirements of paragraph (b)(3). If the recipient laboratory fails to meet any of the criteria set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(v) and (b)(3)(ix), and if more than one year has passed since the end of any previous probationary period, the accredited laboratory will be placed on probation in lieu of having its accreditation revoked.

(2) An accredited laboratory which is only accredited to perform analysis under paragraph (c) of this section shall have its accreditation revoked for failure to meet the requirements of paragraph (c)(3) of this section. If the recipient laboratory fails to meet any of the criteria set forth in paragraphs (c)(3)(v), (c)(3)(ix), and (c)(3)(xiii) of this section, and if more than one year has passed since the end of any previous probationary period, the laborato

ry will be placed on probation in lieu of having its accreditation revoked.

(3) An accredited laboratory shall have its accreditation revoked if the Administrator determines that the laboratory or any responsibly connected individual or any agent or employee has:

(i) Altered any official sample or analytical finding, or,

(ii) Substituted an analytical result from a non-accredited laboratory for its own.

(4) An accredited laboratory shall have its accreditation revoked if the laboratory or any individual or entity responsibly connected with the laboratory is convicted in a Federal or State court of any of the following violations of law:

(i) Any felony.

(ii) Any misdemeanor based upon acquiring, handling, or distributing of unwholesome, misbranded, or deceptively packaged food or upon fraud in connection with transactions in food. (iii) Any misdemeanor based upon a false statement to any governmental agency.

(iv) Any misdemeanor based upon the offering, giving or receiving of a bribe or unlawful gratuity.

(h) Notification and hearings. Accreditation of any laboratory shall be refused, suspended, or revoked under the conditions previously described herein. The owner or operator of the laboratory shall be sent written notice of the refusal, suspension, or revocation of accreditation by the Administrator. In such cases, the laboratory owner or operator will be provided an opportunity to present, within 30 days of the date of the notification, a statement challenging the merits or validity of such action and to request an oral hearing with respect to the denial, suspension, or revocation decision. An oral hearing shall be granted if there is any dispute of material fact joined in such responsive statement. The proceeding shall thereafter be conducted in accordance with the applicable rules of practice which shall be adopted for the proceeding. Any such refusal, suspension, or revocation shall be effective upon the receipt by the laboratory of the notification and shall continue in effect until final de

termination of the matter by the Administrator.

(Reporting and recordkeeping requirements approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0583-0015) [52 FR 2185, Jan. 20, 1987]

§ 318.22 Determination of added water in cooked sausages.

(a) For purposes of this section, the following definitions apply.

(1) Cooked sausage. Cooked sausage is any product described in § 319.140 and §§ 319.180-319.182 of this chapter.

(2) Group 1 Protein-Contributing Ingredients. Ingredients of livestock or poultry origin from muscle tissue which is skeletal or which is found in the edible organs, with or without the accompanying and overlying fat, and the portions of bone, skin, sinew, nerve, and blood vessels which normally accompany the muscle tissue and which are not separated from it in the process of dressing; meat byproducts; mechanically separated (species); and poultry products; except those ingredients processed by hydrolysis, extraction, concentrating or drying.

(3) Group 2 Protein-Contributing Ingredients. Ingredients from Gorup 1 protein-contributing ingredients processed by hydrolysis, extraction, concentrating, or drying, or any other ingredient which contributes protein.

(b) The amount of added water in cooked sausage is calculated by:

(1) Determining by laboratory analysis the total percentage of water contained in the cooked sausage; and

(2) Determining by laboratory analysis the total percentage of protein contained in the cooked sausage; and

(3) Calculating the percentage of protein in the cooked sausage contributed by the Group 2 protein-contributing ingredients; and

(4) Subtracting one pecent from the total percentage of protein calculated in (b)(3)); and

(5) Subtracting the remaining percentage of protein calculated in (b)(3) from the total protein content determined in (b)(2); and

(6) Calculating the percentage of indigenous water in the cooked sausage by multiplying the percentage of protein determined in (b)(5) by 4, (This

50-028 0-91--9

(a) Abnormal container. A container with any sign of swelling or product leakage or any evidence that the contents of the unopened container may be spoiled.

(b) Acidified low acid product. A canned product which has been formulated or treated so that every component of the finished product has a pH of 4.6 or lower within 24 hours after the completion of the thermal process unless data are available from the establishment's processing authority demonstrating that a longer time period is safe.

(c) Bleeders. Small orifices on a retort through which steam, other gasses, and condensate are emitted from the retort throughout the entire thermal process.

(d) Canned product. A meat food product with a water activity above 0.85 which receives a thermal process either before or after being packed in a hermetically sealed container.

'The equation for the narrative description of the calculation for added water is as follows: AW=TW-(TP-(P-1.0))4, Where AW Added Water, TW-Total Water Determined by Laboratory Analysis, TP=Total Protein Determined by Laboratory Analysis, P=Protein Contributed by Group 2 ProteinContributing Ingredients, 1.0-Percent Allowance for Group 2 Protein-Contributing Ingredients, 4-Moisture-Protein Ratio for Cooked Sausage.

Unless otherwise specified, the term "product" as used in this Subpart G shall mean "canned product."

The

(e) Closure technician. individual(s) identified by the establishment as being trained to perform specific container integrity examinations as required by this subpart and designated by the establishment to perform such examinations.

(f) Code lot. All production of a particular product in a specific size container marked with a specific container code.

(g) Come-up time. The elapsed time, including venting time (if applicable), between the introduction of the heating medium into a closed retort and the start of process timing.

(h) Critical factor. Any characteristic, condition or aspect of a product, container, or procedure that affects the adequacy of the process schedule. Critical factors are established by processing authorities.

(i) Headspace. That portion of a container not occupied by the product.

(1) Gross headspace. The vertical distance between the level of the product (generally the liquid surface) in an upright rigid container and the top edge of the container (i.e., the flange of an unsealed can, the top of the double seam on a sealed can, or the top edge of an unsealed jar).

(2) Net headspace. The vertical distance between the level of the product (generally the liquid surface) in an upright rigid container and the inside surface of the lid.

(j) Hermetically sealed containers. Air-tight containers which are designed and intended to protect the contents against the entry of microorganisms during and after thermal processing.

(1) Rigid container. A container, the shape or contour of which, when filled and sealed, is neither affected by the enclosed product nor deformed by external mechanical pressure of up to 10 pounds per square inch gauge (0.7 kg/ cm2) (i.e., normal firm finger pressure).

(2) Semirigid container. A container, the shape or contour of which, when filled and sealed, is not significantly affected by the enclosed product under normal atmospheric tempera

ture and pressure, but can be deformed by external mechanical pressure of less than 10 pounds per square inch gauge (0.7 kg/cm2) (i.e., normal firm finger pressure).

(3) Flexible container. A container, the shape or contour of which, when filled and sealed, is significantly affected by the enclosed product.

(k) Incubation tests. Tests in which the thermally processed product is kept at a specific temperature for a specified period of time in order to determine if outgrowth of microorganisms occurs.

(1) Initial temperature. The temperature, determined at the initiation of a thermal process cycle, of the contents of the coldest container to be processed.

(m) Low acid product. A canned product in which any component has a pH value above 4.6.

(n) Process schedule. The thermal process and any specified critical factors for a given canned product required to achieve shelf stability.

(0) Process temperature. The minimum temperature(s) of the heating medium to be maintained as specified in the process schedule.

(p) Process time. The intended time(s) a container is to be exposed to the heating medium while the heating medium is at or above the process temperature(s).

(q) Processing authority. The person(s) or organization(s) having expert knowledge of thermal processing requirements for foods in hermetically sealed containers, having access to facilities for making such determinations, and designated by the establishment to perform certain functions as indicated in this subpart.

(r) Program employee. Any inspector or other individual employed by the Department or any cooperating agency who is authorized by the Secretary to do any work or perform any duty in connection with the Program (see § 301.2(f)).

(s) Retort. A pressure vessel designed for thermal processing of product packed in hermetically sealed contain

ers.

(t) Seals. Those parts of a semirigid container and lid or of a flexible con

tainer that are fused together in order to hermetically close the container.

(u) Shelf stability. The condition achieved by application of heat, sufficient, alone or in combination with other ingredients and/or treatments, to render the product free of microorganisms capable of growing in the product at nonrefrigerated conditions (over 50 °F or 10 °C) at which the product is intended to be held during distribution and storage. Shelf stability and shelf stable are synonymous with commercial sterility and commercially sterile, respectively.

(v) Thermal process. The heat treatment necessary to achieve shelf stability as determined by the establishment's processing authority. It is quantified in terms of:

(1) Time(s) and temperature(s); or (2) Minimum product temperature. (w) Venting. The removal of air from a retort before the start of process timing.

(x) Water activity. The ratio of the water vapor pressure of the product to the vapor pressure of pure water at the same temperature.

§ 318.301 Containers and closures.

(a) Examination and cleaning of empty containers. (1) Empty containers, closures, and flexible pouch roll stock shall be evaluated by the establishment to ensure that they are clean and free of structural defects and damage that may affect product or container integrity. Such an examination should be based upon a statistical sampling plan.

(2) All empty containers, closures, and flexible pouch roll stock shall be stored, handled, and conveyed in such a manner that will prevent soiling and damage that could affect the hermetic condition of the sealed container.

(3) Just before filling, rigid containers shall be cleaned to prevent incorporation of foreign matter into the finished product. Closures, semirigid containers, preformed flexible pouches, and flexible pouch roll stock contained in original wrappings do not need to be cleaned before use.

(b) Closure examinations for rigid containers (cans)—(1) Visual examinations. A closure technician shall visu

ally examine the double seams formed by each closing machine head. When seam defects (e.g., cutovers, sharpness, knocked down flanges, false seams, droops) are observed, necessary corrective actions, such as adjusting or repairing the closing machine, shall be taken. In addition to the double seams, the entire container shall be examined for product leakage or obvious defects. A visual examination shall be performed on at least one container from each closing machine head, and the observations, along with any corrective actions, shall be recorded. Visual examinations shall be conducted with sufficient frequency to ensure proper closure and should be conducted at least every 30 minutes of continuous closing machine operation. Additional visual examinations shall be made by the closure technician at the beginning of production, immediately following every jam in the closing machine and after closing machine adjustment (including adjustment for changes in container size).

(2) Teardown examinations. Teardown examinations of double seams formed by each closing machine head shall be performed by a closure technician at a frequency sufficient to ensure proper closure. These examinations should be made at intervals of not more than 4 hours of continuous closing machine operation. At least one container from each closing head shall be examined on the packer's end during each regular examination period. Examination results along with any necessary corrective actions, such as adjusting or repairing the closing machine, shall be promptly recorded

by the closure technician. The establishment shall have container specification guidelines for double seam integrity on file and available for review by Program employees. A teardown examination of the can maker's end shall be performed on at least one container selected from each closing machine during each examination period except when teardown examinations are made on incoming empty containers or when, in the case of self-manufactured containers, the containers are made in the vicinity of the establishment and the container plant records are made available to Program employees. Additional teardown examinations on the packer's end should be made at the beginning of production, immediately following every jam in a closing machine and after closing machine adjustment (including adjustment for a change in container size). The following procedures shall be used in teardown examinations of double

seams:

(i) One of the following two methods shall be employed for dimensional measurements of the double seam.

(a) Micrometer measurement. For cylindrical containers, measure the following dimensions (Figure 1) at three points approximately 120 degrees apart on the double seam excluding and at least one-half inch from the side seam juncture:

(1) Double seam length-W; (2) Double seam thickness-S; (3) Body hook length-BH; and (4) Cover hook length-CH. Maximum and minimum values for each dimensional measurement shall be recorded by the closure technician.