14. Discuss to what extent, if any, the heirship, or multiple ownership, problem has affected the acquisition and disposal of Indian lands, with particular reference to the following facets of the problem:

(a) undivided interest owned by the tribe;

(b) undivided interest owned by non-Indians and alien Indians;

(c) undivided interest owned by minors on reservations which are under the Indian Reorganization Act;

(d) difficulty of reaching agreement among all heirs as to use or disposal of land;

(e) what use has been made of the Secretary's authority to sell heirship lands when the owners have died intestate and have left minor or incompetent heirs? To what extent has the tribe been encouraged or permitted to buy such lands?

PART II

The purpose of this part of the questionnaire is to determine to what extent key tracts have gone into non-Indian ownership, the extent to which key tracts have been conveyed to other Indians or to the tribe, and the extent to which key tracts which were in fee status have been acquired by individual Indians or tribes. Since July 1, 1953, approximate date of the initiation of the present policy of not subordinating the interests of the individual Indian owner of land to the interests of the tribe or other individual Indians.

1. How much acreage and how many tracts have been sold that the tribe, individual Indian owners, or the Bureau have alleged were key tracts?

2. How much acreage and how many of the tracts alleged by the tribes or individual Indian owners to be key tracts were determined by Bureau officials not to be key tracts?

3. How much acreage and how many tracts alleged by the tribe to be key tracts were sold to the tribe or individual Indian owners?

4. How much acreage and how many tracts alleged by the tribe to be key tracts were sold to non-Indians?

5. If there were sales of key tracts to non-Indians, discuss the effect that such sales have had on the use of Indian lands remaining in Indian ownership.

6. Discuss the extent to which key tracts which were in fee status have been acquired in trust or restricted status by individual Indians, or in trust or fee status by tribes.

PART III

The purpose of this part of the questionnaire is to ascertain to what extent the tribes have assumed responsibility for real-estate activities.

1. Give the position of each tribal real-estate employee, his annual salary, and the nature of his work.

2. Give the position of each agency real-estate employee whose salary, in part or in full, is paid by the tribe, the salary of such employee, the amount of such salary paid by the tribe, and the nature of his work.

3. Does the tribe have a regularly employed real-estate adviser or consultant to advise the council with regard to tribal real-estate activities? Explain fully. 4. Does the tribal organization have a real-estate committee with authority to approve tribal real-estate activities? Explain fully.

5. Does the tribal organization have a real-estate committee which advises the tribal council with regard to tribal real-estate activities? Explain fully.

6. To what extent has the tribe employed private consultants to study particular phases of its real-estate activities? Explain fully. If the Bureau has disapproved such employment, explain why.

7. Does the tribe have, or has it had, a tribal land enterprise or similar organization? If so, discuss the history and effectiveness of such organization. 8. Has the tribe or the area office been instructed to turn real-estate operations over to the Bureau? Please comment on the differences in effectiveness of Bureau and tribal operations.

DISPOSALS-REMOVAL FROM INDIAN BUREAU JURISDICTION BY PLACING OF UNRESTRICTED FEE-SIMPLE TITLE IN OWNERS

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will the Senator yield?
Mr. MURRAY. I yield.

Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I wish to associate myself with the remarks of my distinguished senior colleague, who has brought to the attention of the Senate the land situation as it affects Indians not only in Montana-especially the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation-but also throughout the United States. I am hopeful the request, which has the full support of the Montana delegation, will be given the attention it deserves by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Mr. MURRAY. I thank the able Senator from Montana.

OUR DEBT TO THE AMERICAN INDIAN

(Extension of remarks of Hon. James E. Murray, of Montana, in the Senate of the United States, Tuesday, May 13, 1958)

Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, I wish to call to the attention of the Senate a very important article which deals with the American Indian. The article is entitled "Our Debt to the American Indian," and appeared in the February 1, 1958, issue of America. It was written by Miss Dana Ann Rush, who for 7 years has been associated with the Marquette League for Catholic Indian Missions.

Miss Rush traces the history of the United States Government's shabby treatment of the Indians. She tells how the land which was rightfully theirs was taken away from them. "The present abysmal poverty of these first Americans stems from man's greed for land," she writes.

In conclusion, she agrees with Msgr. Bernard J. Cullen, director general of the Marquette League, that

Every American who has found prosperity in the New World should see to it that the original owners of our rich country receive an equal chance to share America's bounty.

Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have the article printed in the Appendix of the Record.

There being no objection, the article was ordered to be printed in the Record, as follows:

OUR DEBT TO THE AMERICAN INDIAN

(By Dana Ann Rush)

The majority of Americans are not aware that within our borders there is a racial group as poor as any of the impoverished peoples of Asia or Africa. While we have been sending billions of dollars abroad to raise the economic level of destitute foreign nations, the American Indians, living below a decent standard, have a life expectancy of only 36 years, and on some reservations not more than 20 years.

Lack of nutritious food, poor sanitary conditions, and inadequate medical care are the causes of their high mortality rate. Glen L. Emmons, shortly after his appointment in 1953 as Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, stated that medical service for the Indians was 50 years behind that for non-Indian Americans. Dr. John R. Shaw, chief of the Bureau's Health Branch, reported in 1954 that there were 3,000 seeding cases of tuberculosis on the Navaho Reservation that were not hospitalized.

As late as 1954, more than one-half of the school-age Navahos were unable to enter school because the Government had failed to provide schools and teachers for them-had not, in a word, lived up to the treaty of 1868 which the Navahos had signed with the United States and which promised adequate school facilities.