Competition and Succession in PasturesP. G. Tow, Alec Lazenby CABI, 2000 M12 1 - 322 pages This book describes how competition between plant species, and succession in plant ecosystems, operate in grasslands and grazed pastures, both natural and sown. It discusses how competition both affects botanical structure, productivity and persistence of pastures and is itself regulated by biological, environmental and management factors, such as grazing animals. The book also examines the ways in which competition and succession are analysed, evaluated and measured, and brings to the agricultural arena the considerable progress made in understanding the principles of competition from theoretical and experimental ecology. |
Contents
| 12 | |
| 15 | |
Genotype and Environmental Adaptation as Regulators of Competitiveness | 43 |
Competition between Grasses and Legumes in Established Pastures | 63 |
Plant Competition in Pastures Implications for Management | 85 |
Diversity and Stability in Humid Temperate Pastures | 103 |
The Population Dynamics of Pastures with Particular Reference to Southern Australia | 119 |
Formulation of Pasture Seed Mixtures with Reference to Competition and Succession | 149 |
Competition and Environmental Stress in Temperate Grasslands | 193 |
Interaction of Competition and Management in Regulating Composition | 213 |
Global Climate Change Effects on Competition and Succession in Pastures | 233 |
Competition and Succession in Recreated Botanically Diverse Grassland Communities | 261 |
Implications of Competition between Plant Species for the Sustainability | 283 |
Some Concluding Comments | 305 |
Index | 315 |
Effects of Large Herbivores on Competition and Succession in Natural Savannah Rangelands | 175 |
Common terms and phrases
adapted Agricultural Research annual grasses Australia Australian Journal Austrodanthonia availability biomass climate change CO₂ competition and succession competitive ability competitive effect competitive interactions components crop cultivars defoliation density disturbance dominance drought dynamics ecosystem environment environmental Equations Experimental Agriculture experiments factors farm fertilizer Forage genotypes grassland grazing Grime growth rate herbage herbicide herbivory increased interspecific competition Journal of Agricultural Journal of Ecology Journal of Experimental large herbivores leaf area legumes levels Lolium lucerne monoculture native nitrogen northern tablelands nutrient Oecologia outcome of competition pasture pasture species perennial grasses perennial ryegrass phalaris photosynthesis plant communities plant competition plant species population production rainfall reduced relative resource response root savannah seasonal seed mixtures seedlings sheep soil sown stocking rate stolon stress studies subterranean clover swards temperature Tilman tion traits Trifolium repens ture UV-B vegetation weeds white clover Wilson yield Zealand Zealand Journal
Popular passages
Page 242 - Nevertheless, the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate.
Page 15 - We begin, however, with a working definition: 'competition is an interaction between individuals, brought about by a shared requirement for a resource in limited supply, and leading to a reduction in the survivorship, growth and/or reproduction of at least some of the competing individuals concerned.
Page 116 - Jackson, RB and Caldwell, MM (1996) Integrating resource heterogeneity and plant plasticity: modelling nitrate and phosphate uptake in a patchy soil environment. Journal of Ecology 84, 891-903.
Page 3 - Competition is purely a physical process. With few exceptions, such as the crowding up of tuberous plants when grown too closely, an actual struggle between competing plants never occurs. Competition arises from the reaction of one plant upon the physical factors about it and the effect of these modified factors upon its competitors.
Page 99 - Dodd ME, Silvertown J, McConway K, Potts J and Crawley M (1994). Stability in the plant communities of the Park Grass Experiment: The relationships between species richness, soil pH and biomass variability. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London В Biological Sciences, 346, 185-193.
Page 116 - The scale of nutrient heterogeneity around individual plants and its quantification with geostatistics. Ecology 74:612-614 Jackson RB, Caldwdll MM (1996) Integrating resource heterogeneity and plant plasticity¿.
Page 211 - Stark, JM 1994. Causes of soil nutrient heterogeneity at different scales. In: pp. 255-284. MM Caldwell and RW Pearcy (eds.). Exploitation of Environmental Heterogeneity by Plants: Ecophysiological Processes Above- and Belowground.