Rising Above The Gathering Storm Committee on Prospering in the An Agenda for American Science and Technology Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy PRE-PUBLICATION VERSION THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board Support for this project was provided by the National Academies. Any opinions, findings, International Standard Book Number 0-309-10045-3 For more information about the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, see Available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Lockbox 285, Copyright 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal govemment. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org COMMITTEE ON PROSPERING IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY OF THE 21ST CENTURY NORMAN R. AUGUSTINE (Chair), Retired Chairman and CEO, Lockheed Martin CRAIG BARRETT, Chairman of the Board, Intel Corporation, Chandler, AZ GAIL CASSELL, Vice President, Scientific Affairs, and Distinguished Lilly Research Scholar for Infectious Diseases, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN STEVEN CHU, Director, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA ROBERT GATES, President, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX NANCY GRASMICK, Maryland State Superintendent of Schools, Baltimore, MD SHIRLEY ANN JACKSON, President, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY JOSHUA LEDERBERG, Sackler Foundation Scholar, Rockefeller University, RICHARD LEVIN, President, Yale University, New Haven, CT C. D. (DAN) MOTE JR., President, University of Maryland, College Park, MD CHERRY MURRAY, Deputy Director for Science and Technology, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA PETER O'DONNELL JR., President, O'Donnell Foundation, Dallas, TX LEE R. RAYMOND, Chairman and CEO, Exxon Mobil Corporation, Irving, TX ROBERT C. RICHARDSON, F. R. Newman Professor of Physics and Vice Provost for P. ROY VAGELOS, Retired Chairman and CEO, Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ GEORGE M. WHITESIDES, Woodford L. & Ann A. Flowers University Professor, Harvard RICHARD N. ZARE, Marguerite Blake Wilbur Professor in Natural Science, Stanford Principal Project Staff DEBORAH STINE, Study Director PETER HENDERSON, Senior Program Officer JO HUSBANDS, Senior Program Officer LAUREL HAAK, Program Officer TOM ARRISON, Senior Program Officer DAVID ATTIS, Policy Consultant ALAN ANDERSON, Consultant Writer STEVE OLSON, Consultant Writer RACHEL COURTLAND, Research Associate NEERAJ P. GORKHALY, Senior Program Assistant JOHN SLANINA, Christine Mirzayan Science and Technology Policy Graduate Fellow BENJAMIN NOVAK, Christine Mirzayan Science and Technology Policy Graduate Fellow NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Senior Editor KATE KELLY, Editor COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND PUBLIC POLICY GEORGE M. WHITESIDES (Chair), Woodford L. & Ann A. Flowers University Professor, RALPH J. CICERONE (Ex officio), President, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, UMA CHOWDHRY, Vice President, Central Research and Development, DuPont Company, R. JAMES COOK, Interim Dean, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, HAILE DEBAS, Executive Director, Global Health Sciences, and Maurice Galante NANCY HOPKINS, Amgen Professor of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, WILLIAM H. JOYCE (Ex officio), Chairman and CEO, Nalco, Naperville, IL MARY-CLAIRE KING, American Cancer Society Professor of Medicine and Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA W. CARL LINEBERGER, Professor of Chemistry, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO RICHARD A. MESERVE, President, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC LAWRENCE T. PAPAY, Retired Sector Vice President for Integrated Solutions, Science ANNE PETERSEN, Senior Vice President, Programs, W. K. Kellogg Foundation, Battle Creek, MI CECIL PICKETT, President, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ HUGO SONNENSCHEIN, Charles L. Hutchinson Distinguished Service Professor, Department of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL SHEILA E. WIDNALL, Abby Rockefeller Mauze Professor of Aeronautics, Massachusetts WM. A. WULF (Ex officio), President, National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC Staff RICHARD BISSELL, Executive Director DEBORAH STINE, Associate Director LAUREL HAAK, Program Officer MARION RAMSEY, Administrative Coordinator CRAIG REED, Financial Associate |