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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

A number of persons both within and outside the Bureau of the Census participated in the various activities of the 1960 Census of Housing. Specific responsibilities were exercised by members of the Housing, Decennial Operations, Field, Geography, and Statistical Methods Divisions of the Census Bureau. This report was prepared under the direction of Wayne F. Daugherty, Chief, Housing Division. The planning and development of the content of the report were accomplished by Alexander C. Findlay, Chief, Facilities and Equipment Branch; J. Hugh Rose, Chief, Structural Statistics Branch, assisted by Meyer Zitter; Herbert Shapiro, Acting Chief, Financial Statistics Branch; and Beulah Washabaugh, then Chief, Occupancy and Utilization Branch, assisted by Aaron Josowitz. Frank S. Kristof, then Assistant Chief, Housing Division, and Naomi D. Rothwell were in charge of the training program. Nathan Krevor developed the statistical presentation of the report. Beulah Washabaugh, assisted by Aneda E. France, Hazel H. Moore, and Antonio Ventocilla, organized the report and prepared the text. Milton D. Lieberman, Chief, Coordination and Research Branch, assisted by Nathan Krevor, Matthew J. Rose, and William E. Grubbs, coordinated the operational aspects of the preparation of the report.

Two working groups under the leadership of J. Hugh Rose developed the unit of enumeration and a revised measure of condition of housing; their work led to the adoption of the "housing unit" and to the use of three categories for condition. Those who served were: E. Everett Ashley, III, Lawrence N. Bloomberg, Glenn H. Beyer, Carl A. S. Coan. Miles L. Colean, Mason Doan, Paul C. Glick, Morton Hoffman, John Innes, Benjamin Lipstein, Orville O. McCracken, Ivan G. Munro, Catherine Martini, Chester Rapkin, and Bert Seidman.

Important contributions were also made by Richard A. Hornseth, Denver K. Ingram, Patience Lauriat, Richard J. Rice, Betty Mitchell, and Bernadette H. Marlow of the Decennial Operations Division in the processing of the data; Jefferson D. McPike, Ivan G. Munro, Paul R. Squires, and George K. Klink of the Field Division in the collection of the information; William T. Fay, Robert C. Klove, and Robert L. Hagan of the Geography Division in the delineation of special types of urban territory and other geographic work; Joseph Steinberg, Robert H. Hanson, Herman Fasteau, Barbara A. Boyes, Kathern Clay, Floyd E. O'Quinn, and Warren J. Mitofsky of the Statistical Methods Division in planning the sampling and quality control procedures. Sheldon M. Klein and Ingrid L. Millison of the Statistical Reports Division reviewed text material and table format. The technical editorial work was under the supervision of Mildred M. Russell of the Population Division, assisted by Louise L. Douglas. Robert H. Brooks of the Administrative Service Division arranged for the printing of the report.

The Housing Advisory Committee aided the Bureau in the selection of subjects, concepts, and definitions to be used. The Bureau staff called upon members of the committee for advice in planning the census, and their counsel and guidance were invaluable in developing the program. Members of the committee were: Miles L. Colean, Chairman, Glenn H. Beyer, L. Durward Badgley, Charles Blessing, Edward E. Edwards, Ernest M. Fisher, Arthur S. Goldman, Catherine Martini, Martin Meyerson, Davis McEntire, Hugh Mields, Jr., Anthony J. Nesti, Daniel Parson, Nathaniel H. Rogg, Bert Seidman, William H. Shaw, William J. Shickler, William Slayton, James F. Steiner, and Robert C. Weaver.

IV

PUBLICATION PROGRAM OF THE 1960 CENSUS OF HOUSING

Results of the 1960 Census of Housing are published in seven housing volumes as described below. An eighth volume containing the census tract reports is a joint publication with data from the 1960 Census of Population. A series of special reports for local housing authorities constitutes the remainder of the final reports. The source of the data is the April 1960 enumeration, except for Volumes IV and V which are based largely on the enumeration of units in a sample of land area segments, started in late 1959 and completed in 1960. Prior to the final reports, several series of preliminary and advance reports were issued. Some unpublished statistics can be obtained for the cost of preparing a copy and certain special tabulations can be prepared, on a reimbursable basis, on request to the Chief, Housing Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington 25, D. C.

Volume I (Series HC(1) reports). States and Small Areas. Information about all subjects covered in the April 1960 enumeration, with a separate report for the United States by regions and geographic divisions, each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands of the United States. In the State reports, information is shown for the State as a whole and for each standard metropolitan statistical area, urbanized area, place of 1,000 inhabitants or more, county, and the ruralfarm and rural-nonfarm parts of the county. The volume covers occupancy characteristics such as tenure, vacancy status, color, number of persons; structural characteristics, such as number of rooms and year structure built; condition of unit; plumbing facilities, such as water supply, and toilet and bathing facilities; equipment and fuels, including heating equipment, air conditioning, television sets, clothes washing machine, heating fuel, cooking fuel, and water heating fuel; and financial characteristics including value and rent.

Volume II (Series HC(2) reports). Metropolitan Housing. Cross tabulations of housing and household characteristics, with a separate report for the United States by geographic divisions, and for each of the 192 standard metropolitan statistical areas with 100,000 inhabitants or more in the United States and Puerto Rico. Separate statistics for each of the 134 places of 100,000 inhabitants or more are included in the metropolitan area reports.

Volume III (Series HC(3) reports). City Blocks. Separate reports for cities and other urban places having 50,000 inhabitants or more prior to and at the time of the 1960 Census, and for a number of smaller localities which arranged for block statistics. Data for a limited number of characteristics are presented by blocks. Statistics for 467 cities and localities in the United States and Puerto Rico are published in 421 separate reports.

Volume IV (Series HC(4) reports). Components of Inventory Change. Information on the source of the 1959 inventory and the disposition of the 1950 and 1956 inventories. Data are provided for components of change such as new construction, conversion, merger, demolition, and other additions and losses. Part 1 of the volume contains the 1950 to 1959 comparison, with a separate report for the United States by regions, and each of 17 selected metropolitan areas (15 standard metropolitan statistical areas, defined as of June 8, 1959, and 2 standard consolidated areas). Part 2 contains the 1957 to 1959 comparison, with a separate report for the United States by regions, and separate reports for 9 of the selected areas (standard metropolitan areas defined for the 1956 inventory).

Volume V. Residential Finance. Information on financing of residential property, including characteristics of mortgages, properties, and homeowners. Part 1 of the volume is a report on homeowner prop.. erties for the United States by regions, and each of 17 selected metropolitan areas (15 standard metropolitan statistical areas, defined as of June 8, 1959, and 2 standard consolidated areas). Part 2 is a report on rental and vacant properties for the United States.

Volume VI. Rural Housing. Cross tabulations of housing and household characteristics for the 121 economic subregions of the United States, for rural-farm and rural-nonfarm housing units.

Volume VII. Housing of Senior Citizens. Cross tabulations of housing and household characteristics of units occupied by persons 60 years old and over, for the United States, each of the 50 States and the District of Columbia, and selected standard metropolitan statistical areas.

Series PHC(1) reports. Census Tracts. Separate reports for 180 tracted areas in the United States and Puerto Rico. The reports contain information, by census tracts, on both housing and population subjects. (This series is the same as the tract reports included in the publication program for the 1960 Census of Population.)

Series HC(S1) reports. Special Reports for Local Housing Authorities. Separate reports for 139 localities in the United States. The program was requested by, and planned in cooperation with, the Public Housing Administration. The reports contain data on both owner- and renter-occupied housing units defined as substandard by Public Housing Administration criteria, with emphasis on gross rent, size of family, and income of renter families.

V

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This report presents basic statistics on all subjects for which information was collected in the Census of Housing taken as of April 1, 1960. The housing unit is the reporting unit for this report.

The statistics relate to occupancy charácteristics, structural characteristics, condition and plumbing facilities, equipment and fuels, and financial characteristics. Although statistics for some of the subjects are based on a complete count of housing units, most of the data are based on samples of 25, 20, or 5 percent of the units. The subjects represent a modification and an expansion of the 1950 and 1940 Censuses of

Housing. In this report, comparability with the 1950 and earlier censuses and the description of data from these censuses apply specifically to conterminous United States, that is, United States exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii.

A separate report is published for each of the 50 States and the District of Columbia. There is also a summary report for the United States presenting data for regions, geographic divisions, States, individual standard metropolitan statistical areas, and places of 100,000 inhabitants or more. Reports differing somewhat in detail and scope are issued for Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands of the United States.

VII

The State reports present statistics for the State, inside and outside standard metropolitan statistical areas, and the urban, rural-nonfarm, and rural-farm parts of the State; for each standard metropolitan statistical area, urbanized area, place, and county; and for the rural-nonfarm and rural-farm parts of each county. The number of characteristics and the amount of detail presented are generally greater for areas with a large population than for areas with a smaller population. For example, the full distribution by number of rooms and the median are shown by tenure and vacancy status for standard metropolitan statistical areas and their constituent parts, urbanized areas, and each place of 50,000 inhabitants or more. In contrast, only the average number of rooms, by tenure, is shown for places with a population of 1,000 to 2,500.

Some characteristics are presented for all housing units, whereas other items are restricted to specific segments of the housing inventory. For example, data on condition and plumbing facilities are presented for all housing units; number of persons and persons per room apply to occupied units; seasonal status applies only to vacant units; and value data are shown for owner-occupied units and vacant units available for sale. Other characteristics are available only for areas of specified size; for example, data on elevator in structure are available for places with a population of 50,000 or more, whereas data on source of water and method of sewage disposal are not available for such places.

Data on characteristics of housing units with nonwhite household heads are presented for specified areas in all States. In addition, data on selected characteristics of housing units with white household heads having Spanish surnames are presented for specified areas in five Southwestern States (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas); similar data are presented for housing units with household heads of Puerto Rican birth or parentage for specified areas in the other States.

DESCRIPTION OF TABLES

Arrangement. The tables are arranged, for the most part, by type of area. Maximum detail is shown for the State and its urban, rural-nonfarm, and rural-farm parts; for standard metropolitan statistical areas and constituent parts; and for urbanized areas. Table 1 contains selected summary information for the State, for each standard metropolitan statistical area, and for each place of 10,000 inhabitants or more. Tables 2 to 7 present detailed characteristics for the State, inside and outside standard metropolitan statistical areas, and the urban, rural-nonfarm, and rural-farm parts of the State. Tables 8 to 11 are similar in content to tables 1 to 7 but are restricted to housing units with nonwhite household heads. Tables 9 to 11 are omitted for States having fewer than 25,000 units with nonwhite household heads.

Tables 12 to 17 are for standard metropolitan statistical areas and their constituent parts (including each city of 50,000 inhabitants or more) and for urbanized areas. Categories for the items in these tables are shown in the same detail as in the tables for the State. Tables 12 to 17 are omitted for States with no standard metropolitan statistical areas, urbanized areas, or places of 50,000 inhabitants or more (Alaska, Idaho, Vermont, and Wyoming).

Less detail is presented in tables 18 to 27, which are for places under 50,000 inhabitants, by size groups. The amount of information varies by size of place, with minimum data for places of 1,000 to 2,500 inhabitants. Places of 25,000 to 50,000 inhabitants are covered in tables 18 to 21; places of 10,000 to 25,000 in tables 22 to 24; places of 2,500 to 10,000 in tables 25 and 26; and places of 1,000 to 2,500 in table 27.

County data are presented in tables 28 to 35. Tables 28 to

areas (counties inside standard metropolitan statistical areas are covered in tables 12 to 17). Tables 31 and 32 are for rural-nonfarm housing and tables 33 and 34 are for ruralfarm housing in all counties. Table 35 presents county totals excluding units in places of 50,000 inhabitants or more. In the New England States, tables 28 to 30 are for all counties.

Tables 36 to 39 present statistics for housing units with nonwhite household heads for standard metropolitan statistical areas and urban places (places of 2,500 inhabitants or more) having a specified number of such units--table 36 for 100 to 400 units, table 37 for 400 to 2,000 units, and tables 38 and 39 for 2,000 or more units. The number of characteristics and the amount of detail vary according to the number of units with nonwhite household heads. Tables 40 to 42 present statistics for housing units with white household heads having Spanish surnames in Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas, or for housing units with Puerto Rican heads in the remaining States. Table 40 is restricted to standard metropolitan statistical areas and urban places having 400 to 2,000 such units and tables 41 and 42 to areas and places having 2,000 or more. Tables are omitted if there are no standard metropolitan statistical areas or urban places with the specified number of such units.

Disclosure of data.-To avoid disclosure of information for individual housing units, characteristics are not shown if the base is four or fewer units. The base, for this purpose, is "all" housing units or "occupied" housing units except for value and rent data, for which the base is the number of units of the type for which value and rent were tabulated. For example, a distribution of units by gross rent is not shown if the number of renter-occupied nonfarm units is four or fewer.

Medians, averages (including population per occupied unit), and percentages are not shown where the base is smaller than the required minimum. For items tabulated on a completecount basis, they are not shown if the base is less than 50 housing units; for items tabulated on a sample basis, they are not shown if the base is less than 200 units (see table A in section on "Sample design"). Furthermore, percentages are not shown if they are less than the minimum specified on the table.

Leaders (...) in a data column indicate that either there are no cases in the category or the data are suppressed, for the reasons described above. Leaders are also used where data are inapplicable or not available.

A plus (+) or a minus (-) sign after a median indicates that the median is above or below that number. For example, a median of "$5,000-" for value of property indicates that the median fell in the interval "less than $5,000" and was not computed from the data as tabulated.

MAPS

Included in this report is a map of the State showing the outlines of counties (parishes for Louisiana and election districts for Alaska) and standard metropolitan statistical areas, if any, and the location of places of 10,000 inhabitants or more. A map of each urbanized area, if any, is also included.

COMPARABILITY WITH 1950 CENSUS OF HOUSING

More subjects were covered in the 1960 Census of Housing than in the 1950 Census of Housing. Items which were added for 1960 are: year moved into unit, duration of vacancy, presence of basement, elevator in structure, number of bedrooms, number of bathrooms, source of water, method of sewage disposal, clothes washing machine, clothes dryer, home food freezer, telephone available, automobiles available, air conditioning, and water heating fuel. In addition, access to unit and

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