Table 86.-Status of fisheries, marine mammals, and sea turtles in U.S. waters, 1991.

Notes: Determinations of fisheries utilization are based on traditional principles of fishery science. Over utilized-more fishing effort is used than is necessary to achieve long-term average catch. Fully utilized-amount of fishing is about equal to effort needed to achieve long-term average catch. Under utilized-when more effort is required to achieve long-term average catch. Demersal-bottom-dwelling fishes such as flounders, skates, and dogfish. Pelagic-mid-water fishes such as blue fish, anchovies, sardines, and squids. Anadromous=fishes which ascend rivers to spawn, such as salmon, shad, and striped bass. Invertebrate fisheries-lobsters, clams, scallops, and shrimp. Highly migratory=high-seas (oceanic) fishes such as tunas, swordfish, and billfishes. Coastal migratory-fishes that range from the shore to the outer edge of the U.S. continental shelf, such as king and Spanish mackeral, dolphin fish, and cobia. Reef fish-fishes that prefer coral reefs, artificial structures, and other hard bottom areas, such as snappers, groupers, and amberjacks. Reef fishes also includes tilefishes that prefer sand bottom areas. *=also includes armorhead. continued

Table 86 (continued).-Status of fisheries, marine mammals, and sea turtles in U.S. waters, 1991.

Table 86 (continued).—Status of fisheries, marine mammals, and sea turtles in U.S. waters, 1991.

Source: Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Our Living Oceans, NOAA Tech. Memo., forthcoming, (Washington, DC: DOC, 1993).

Note: *=abundance estimates range from 1,050-7,500 for offshore N. Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, 17,254-37,946 for Whitesided dolphin, and 1,398-2,040 for E. Pacific Humpback whale. E=Endangered. T=Threatened. D=Depleted. **-endangered in Florida, threatened elsewhere. No significant trend since 1983 for Northern fur seal on St. Paul; declining at 6%/year on St. George. California sea lion status unknown, but believed to be at or above the level of maximum net production. Atlantic Kemp's ridley is declining at an average rate of 3%/year since 1978. Pacific Green turtle historic level for Hawaii only; current level is 2,000 in Hawaii and 100-300 in American Samoa; current level in Guam is unknown. Pacific Hawksbill current abundance in Hawaii; current abundance in Guam and American Samoa is unknown.

Related Tables: 84.

Table 87.-Threatened and endangered U.S. wildlife and plants,
1980-1992.

Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Endangered
Species and Habitat Conservation, (Washington, DC: unpublished data).

Notes: Separate populations of a species, listed as Threatened and Endangered are tallied twice. Those species are as follows: grizzly bear; gray wolf; bald eagle; piping plover; roseate tern; green sea turtle; and olive ridley sea turtle. 1992 data are as of September 30, 1992.

Transportation