TURKEY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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FOREWORD

PREFACE

COUNTRY SUMMARY

SECTION I. SOCIAL

Chapter 1. General Character of the Society.

The Ottoman Empire—The Nation and the State

The People and the Society, The Economy-Defense

and Diplomacy

2. Physical Environment

Natural Features Natural Regions-Boundaries

and Political Subdivisions-Settlement Patterns-Man-

made Features

3. Historical Setting

Ancient History—The Coming of the Turks-Gran-

deur and the Onset of Decline: The Ottoman Empire

to the 19th Century—The Last Stages of Empire—The

Rise of Modern Turkey: Mudros to Lausanne The

First Turkish Republic

4. Population and Labor Force...

Population Structure Population Dynamics—Popu-

lation Movement-Population Problems and Attitudes

-Size of the Labor Force—General Characteristics of

the Labor Force—Special Characteristics of the Labor

Force

5. Ethnic Groups and Languages.

The Turkish Majority-Moslem Minorities—Non-

Moslem Minorities—Language

6. Social Structure

Villages-Towns-Cities

7. Family

The Household— Marriage

8. Living Conditions

Health and Sanitation-Food, Clothing, and Housing

-Patterns of Living and Leisure Consumption Pat-

terns

9. Education

Education in the Society-Literacy and Language-

Public Education-Adult Education

10. Artistic and Intellectual Expression.

Historical Background-Poetry and Prose-Drama-

Music-Painting-Folk Art

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11. Religion

Islam and History—Islam and the State-The Is-

lamic Faith in Turkey-Other Religions

12. Social Values

Traditional Values-Modern Values

SECTION II. POLITICAL

Chapter 13. The Governmental System...

Background of the Constitutional System-The Pa

tern of Constitutional Reform-Structure and Function

of Government–Elections—Regional Government-

Civil Servants

14. Political Dynamics

Political Awareness and Socialization Political

Parties--Competition for Political Power-Sources and

Aggregation of Political Power

15. Foreign Relations

Historical Retrospect—Turkey, the West, and the

Cold War-Mediterranean Neighbors—The Middle

East-International Organizations—The Mechanics of

Foreign Policy

16. Public Information

Press and Periodicals—Survey of the Press—News

Agencies—Radio and Television--Films—Book Pub-

lishing-Foreign Activities–Other Channels

17. Political Values and Attitudes

Political Change—The Nation-People and Govern-

ment-Islam and Politics

SECTION III. ECONOMIC

Chapter 18. Character and Structure of the Economy-

19. Agriculture

Agriculture Since World War II-Land Tenure

Land Use and Development-Agricultural Production

-Forests and Fisheries-Agricultural Economics-

The Role of Government

20. Industry

Background of Current Development-Power—Min-

eral and Petroleum Extraction and Processing-Manu-

facturing—Construction-Handicrafts

21. Labor Relations and Organization.

Historical Background-Labor Organizations-

Employer Organization-Bargaining and Industrial

Disputes—Conditions of Employment-Welfare and

Benefits

22. Domestic Trade

Organization of Trade-Trade Practices—Transpor-

tation, Communications and Public Utilities

23. Foreign Economic Relations.

Foreign Trade-Balance of Payments—The Euro-

pean Economic Community and Turkey-Foreign Aid

and Investment

24. Financial and Monetary System

Budgetary Process—Expenditures—Revenues-Mu-

nicipal Financing—The Public Debt-Banking System

- The Currency System

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SECTION IV. NATIONAL SECURITY
Chapter 25. Public Order and Safety

The Legal System-The Police System—Criminal

Procedure — The Penal System-Incidence of Crime
26. The Armed Forces..

Historical Background-Mission and Organization,
Training-Foreign Influence—The Armed Forces and
the National Economy-Quality and Source of Man-
power-Logistics—Ranks, Uniforms, Insignia, and

Decorations— Military Justice
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
GLOSSARY
INDEX

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

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Figure

1 Turkey-Relief and Drainage

2 Turkey-Mean Annual Rainfall.

3 Turkey–Main Populated places

4 Turkey-Natural Regions

5 Turkey-Administrative Subdivisions

6 Turkey-Railroads and Pipelines.

7 The Ottoman Empire, 1529.

8 The Ottoman Empire in 1913

9 Age Composition of the Turkish Population, 1965.

10 Distribution of the Turkish Population, by Geographic Region. -

11 Agricultural Regions of Turkey..

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LIST OF TABLES

Table

1 Chronology of the Major Kemalist Reforms in Turkey -

2 Population of Turkey and Its Rate of Change, 1927–65. -

3 Percent of the Turkish Population in Urban and Rural Areas,

1927-65

4 Structure of the Economically Active Population of Turkey, by

Sex and Occupational Status, 1965

5 Distribution of the Turkish Labor Force, by Sector, 1965..

6 Distribution of the Turkish Labor Force, by Skills, 1962; Projec-

tions for 1977...

7 Most Frequently Notified Communicable Diseases in Turkey-

8 Most Important Causes of Deaths Reported in Turkey's Registra-

tion Districts

9 Medical Facilities in Turkey in Early 1967

10 Literacy in Turkey -

11 Number of Pupils and Teachers in Turkey in Comparison with

Previous Year

12 The Reform Laws Specifically Safeguarded by Article 153,

Turkish Constitution of 1961..

13 Circulation and Description of Principal Daily Newspapers in

Turkey

14 Investment Targets, Turkey's First 5-Year Plan, 1963–67.

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Table
15 Components of Turkey's National Income, 1961, 1966 and 1967..
16 Production of Cereals in Turkey ----
17 Production of Industrial Crops in Turkey
18 Production of Fruits and Nuts in Turkey.
19 Livestock Population of Turkey-.-.
20 Sectoral Distribution of Investment in Turkey-
21 Mineral Production in Turkey...
22 Output of Main Petroleum Products of Turkey.
23 Main Industrial Products of Turkey.
24 Survey of Turkish Exports, by Destination, 1963–67.
25 Survey of Turkish Imports, by Origin, 1963–67.
26 Composition of Turkish Exports, 1965-67.
27 Composition of Turkish Imports, 1965–67.
28 Turkish Balance of Trade Position, 1948–67..
29 Turkey's External Debt as of December 31, 1967.
30 Turkey's Proposed Budget for 1968 and Approved Budget for

1967
31 Trend of Expenditures and Revenues of the General Budget of

Turkey, for Selected Years Since 1950. 32 General Budget of Turkey-Revenues. 33 Distribution of Central Bank of Turkey Credits, by Sector. 34 Bank Deposits and Credit of Turkey, 1964–67... 35 Central Bank of Turkey: International Reserves, Main Compo

nents of Money Supply ---36 Turkish Army Ranks and Insignia

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