(f) DETERMINATION AND ASSESSMENT.-The Commissioner shall determine and assess all taxes, other than stamp taxes, as to which returns or lists are so made under the provisions of this section.

SEC. 3613. LISTING BY COLLECTOR OF TAXABLE OBJECTS OWNED BY NONRESIDENTS OF COLLECTION DISTRICT.

Whenever there are in any district any articles not owned or possessed by or under the care or control of any person within such district, and liable to be taxed, and of which no list has been transmitted to the collector, as required by law, the collector or one of his deputies shall enter the premises where such articles are situated and shall take such view thereof as may be necessary, and make lists of the same, according to the form prescribed. Said lists, being subscribed by such collector or deputy, shall be taken as sufficient lists of such articles for all purposes.

SEC. 3614. EXAMINATION OF BOOKS AND WITNESSES.

(a) TO DETERMINE LIABILITY OF THE TAXPAYER.-The Commissioner, for the purpose of ascertaining the correctness of any return or for the purpose of making a return where none has been made, is authorized, by any officer or employee of the Bureau of Internal Revenue, including the field service, designated by him for that purpose, to examine any books, papers, records, or memoranda bearing upon the matters required to be included in the return, and may require the attendance of the person rendering the return, or of any officer or employee of such person, or the attendance of any other person having knowledge in the premises, and may take his testimony with reference to the matter required by law to be included in such return, with power to administer oaths to such person or persons.

(b) TO DETERMINE LIABILITY OF A TRANSFEREE.-The Commissioner, for the purpose of determining the liability at law or in equity of a transferee of the property of any person with respect to any Federal taxes imposed upon such person, is hereby authorized, by any officer or employee of the Bureau of Internal Revenue, including the field service, designated by him for that purpose, to examine any books, papers, records, or memoranda bearing upon such liability, and may require the attendance of the transferor or transferee, or of any officer or employee of such person, or the attendance of any other person having knowledge in the premises, and may take his testimony with reference to the matter, with power to administer oaths to such person or persons.

SEC. 3615. SUMMONS FROM COLLECTOR TO PRODUCE BOOKS AND GIVE TESTIMONY.

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(a) GENERAL AUTHORITY.-It shall be lawful for the collector, subject to the provisions of this section, to summon any person to appear before him and produce books at a time and place named in the summons, and to give testimony or answer interrogatories, under oath, respecting any objects. liable to tax or the returns thereof. The collector may summon any person residing or found within the State or Territory in which his district lies; and when the person intended to be summoned does not reside and can not be found within such State or Territory, he may enter any collection district where

such person may be found and there make the examination herein authorized. And to this end he may there exercise all the authority which he might lawfully exercise in the district for which he was commissioned.

(b) ACTS CREATING LIABILITY. Such summons may be issued

(1) REFUSAL OR NEGLECT TO COMPLY WITH NOTICE REQUIRING RETURN. If any person, on being notified or required as provided in section 3611, shall refuse or neglect to render such list or return within the time required, or

(2) FAILURE TO RENDER RETURN ON TIME.-Whenever any person who is required to deliver a monthly or other return of objects subject to tax fails to do so at the time required, or

(3) ERRONEOUS, FALSE, OR FRAUDULENT RETURN.-Whenever any person who is required to deliver a monthly or other return of objects subject to tax delivers any return which, in the opinion of the collector, is erroneous, false, or fraudulent, or contains any undervaluation or understatement, or

(4) REFUSAL TO PERMIT EXAMINATION OF BOOKS.-Whenever any person who is required to deliver a monthly or other return of objects subject to tax refuses to allow any regularly authorized Government officer to examine his books.

(c) PERSONS LIABLE.-Such summons may be issued to

(1) PERSONS MENTIONED IN SUBSECTION (b).-Any person mentioned in subsection (b), or

(2) PERSONS HAVING BOOKS.-Any other person having possession, custody, or care of books of account containing entries relating to the business of any person mentioned in subsection (b), or

(3) OTHER PERSONS. Any other person the collector may deem proper.

(d) SERVICE. Such summons shall in all cases be served by a deputy collector of the district where the person to whom it is directed may be found, by an attested copy delivered to such person in hand,. or left at his last and usual place of abode, allowing such person one day for each 25 miles he may be required to travel, computed from the place of service to the place of examination; and the certificate of service signed by such deputy shall be evidence of the facts it states on the hearing of an application for an attachment. When the summons requires the production of books, it shall be sufficient if such books are described with reasonable certainty.

(e) ENFORCEMENT.-Whenever any person summoned under this section neglects or refuses to obey such summons, or to give testimony, or to answer interrogatories as required, the collector may apply to the judge of the district court or to a United States commissioner for the district within which the person so summoned resides for an attachment against him as for a contempt. It shall be the duty of the judge or commissioner to hear the application, and, if satisfactory proof is made, to issue an attachment, directed to some proper officer, for the arrest of such person, and upon his being brought before him to proceed to a hearing of the case; and upon such hearing the judge or the United States commissioner shall have

power to make such order as he shall deem proper, not inconsistent with the law for the punishment of contempts, to enforce obedience to the requirements of the summons and to punish such person for his default or disobedience.

SEC. 3616. PENALTIES.

Whenever any person

(a) FALSE RETURNS.-Delivers or discloses to the collector or deputy any false or fraudulent list, return, account, or statement, with intent to defeat or evade the valuation, enumeration, or assessment intended to be made; or,

(b) NEGLECT TO OBEY SUMMONS.-Being duly summoned to appear to testify, or to appear and produce books as required under section 3615, neglects to appear or to produce said bookshe shall be fined not exceeding $1,000, or be imprisoned not exceeding one year, or both, at the discretion of the court, with costs of prosecution.

(c) CROSS REFERENCE.

For additions to tax in case of fraud or of failure to file returns, see section 3612 (d).

SUBCHAPTER C-MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SEC. 3630. CLASSIFICATION OF AND TIME FOR TAKING LISTS OR RETURNS.

Lists or returns shall, where not otherwise specially provided for, be taken with reference to the day fixed for that purpose by this title; and, where taxes accrue at other and different times, the list shall be taken with reference to the time when said taxes become due, and shall be denominated annual, monthly, and special lists or

returns.

SEC. 3631. RESTRICTIONS ON EXAMINATION OF TAXPAYERS.

No taxpayer shall be subjected to unnecessary examinations or investigations, and only one inspection of a taxpayer's books of account shall be made for each taxable year unless the taxpayer requests otherwise or unless the Commissioner, after investigation, notifies the taxpayer in writing that an additional inspection is necessary.

SEC. 3632. AUTHORITY TO ADMINISTER OATHS, TAKE TESTIMONY AND CERTIFY.

(a) INTERNAL REVENUE PERSONNEL.

(1) PERSONS IN CHARGE OF ADMINISTRATION OF INTERNAL REVENUE LAWS GENERALLY.-Every collector, deputy collector, internal revenue agent, and internal revenue officer assigned to duty under an internal revenue agent is authorized to administer oaths and to take evidence touching any part of the administration of the internal revenue laws with which he is charged, or where such oaths and evidence are authorized by law or regulation authorized by law to be taken.

(2) PERSONS IN CHARGE OF EXPORTS AND DRAWBACKS.—Every collector of internal revenue and every superintendent of exports

and drawbacks is authorized to administer such oaths and to certify to such papers as may be necessary under any regulation prescribed under the authority of the internal revenue laws. (b) OTHERS. Any oath or affirmation required or authorized by any internal revenue law or by any regulations made under authority thereof may be administered by any person authorized to administer oaths for general purposes by the law of the United States, or of any State, Territory, or possession of the United States, or of the District of Columbia, wherein such oath or affirmation is administered, or by any consular officer of the United States. This subsection shall not be construed as an exclusive enumeration of the persons who may administer such oaths or affirmations.

SEC. 3633. JURISDICTION OF DISTRICT COURTS.

(a) TO ENFORCE SUMMONS.-If any person is summoned under the internal revenue laws to appear, to testify, or to produce books, papers, or other data, the district court of the United States for the district in which such person resides shall have jurisdiction by appropriate process to compel such attendance, testimony, or production of books, papers, or other data.

(b) To ISSUE ORDERS, PROCESSES, and JudgmENTS—

For authority of district courts to issue orders, processes, and judgments for enforcement of internal revenue laws, see section 3800.1

SEC. 3634. EXTENSION OF TIME FOR FILING RETURNS.

If the failure to file a return * * * or list at the time prescribed by law or by regulation made under authority of law is due to sickness or absence, the collector may allow such further time, not exceeding 30 days, for making and filing the return or list as he deems proper. [For postponements by reason of war, see section 3804.]

1 The statute reads "3799."

CHAPTER 35-ASSESSMENT

SEC. 3640. ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY.

The Commissioner is authorized and required to make the inquiries, determinations, and assessments of all taxes and penalties imposed by this title where such taxes have not been duly paid by

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stamp at the time and in the manner provided by law.

SEC. 3641. CERTIFICATION OF ASSESSMENT LISTS TO COLLECTORS. The Commissioner shall certify a list of such assessments when made to the proper collectors, respectively, who shall proceed to collect and account for the taxes and penalties so certified.

SEC. 3642. SUPPLEMENTAL ASSESSMENT LISTS.

(a) AUTHORIZATION. Whenever it is ascertained that any list delivered to any collector is imperfect or incomplete in consequence of the omission of the name of any person liable to tax, or in consequence of any omission, or understatement, or undervaluation, or false or fraudulent statement contained in any return made by any person liable to tax, the Commissioner may, at any time within the period prescribed for assessment, enter on any monthly or special list:

(1) ORIGINAL ASSESSMENTS.-The name of such person so omitted, together with the amount of tax for which he may be liable, and also

(2) ADDITIONAL ASSESSMENTS.-The name of any such person in respect to whose return, as aforesaid, there has been any omis sion, undervaluation, understatement, or false or fraudulent statement, together with the amount for which such person may be liable, above the amount for which he may have been assessed upon any return made as aforesaid.

(b) CERTIFICATION TO COLLECTOR.--The Commissioner shall certify and return such list to the collector as required by law.

SEC. 3643. OTHER LAWS APPLICABLE.

All provisions of law for the ascertainment of liability to any tax, or the assessment or collection thereof, shall be held to apply, so far as may be necessary, to the proceedings authorized and directed under this chapter.

SEC. 3644. ESTABLISHMENT BY REGULATION OF MODE OR TIME OF ASSESSMENT.

Whenever the mode or time of assessing any tax which is imposed is not provided for, the Commissioner may establish the same by regulation.