expense of the remaining nitrogen (difference between the total and the proteid nitrogen) and upon the migration of the nutritive substances into the root hairs and eventually into the new leaves, the juice of the root acquires a composition which renders it more favourable to treatment in the sugar factories. 510 - Experiments made in the Experiment Fields of the Djokja Sub-Section of the Experiment Station of the Java Sugar Industry in 1911. VAN DEVENTER, W., HOUTMAN, P. SCHAIT, J. and ECKER, E. E. in Archief voor de SuckerIndustrie in Nederlandsch Indië, Year XXI, Part 6, pp. 121-172 + 1 plate. February, 1913. A report of the experiments made in 1911 on the sugar cane at the Djokja Sub-Section of the above-mentioned Station. The following were the subjects of the experiments: a) manuring with various quantities of sulphate of ammonla; b) potash manures; c) manuring at different seasons; d) phosphatic manures; e) ashes as manure; molasses as manure; g) scum from sugqr factories as manure; h) comparison of canes of different origins; 1) different intervals of planting; ) various varieties of canes; k) various. The method of experiment is described and analyses of the soil are given. 511 PÓLYA, JOZSEF Manuring Experiments with Sugar Beets in Hungary. in Köztelek, Year 23, No. 17, p. 573. Budapest, March 1st, 1913. A long series of experiments made every year at Tavarnok (County of Nyitra) on the estate of Baron Stummer. A. Experiments on three experimental fields of 14.22 acres on moderately heavy clay soil. The previous crop had received stable manure over the whole extent of these three fields and the soil was tilled in the same manner. The following table gives the results and data of the experiment. N. B. The value of sugar beets is estimated at is 6.8d per cwt. ard the cost of the superphosphate and of the nitrate of soda at 48 5d and 148 4 per cwt. respectively. Net return Excess over control These experiments show that the sugar beet is extremely responsive to the effect of chemical manures, especially to that of superphosphate and of nitrate of soda. B. Experiments with fertilizers in drills on three fields each These figures show that fertilizers drilled in give a larger return than when they are spread. On the other hand, the crops of barley raised on the same fields, after the sugar beets, showed that the effect of fertilizers in the drills only lasts one year, while if the fertilizer is spread, its efficacy is extended to the second year. The writer advises a combination of the two methods of applying manure, in the following manner: the spreading, for instance, of twothirds of the 232 lbs. of superphosphate and the drilling in of the rest with the seed. In this way, the sugar beets would receive enough nutritive substances and would leave a sufficient amount for the succeeding_crop. C. Experiments were made by growing autumn wheat on three experimental fields each of 21.31 acres (the soil being a moderately stiff clay) to ascertain whether bone meal could rival superphosphate as a fertilizer under the conditions prevailing in Hungary. The results per acre were as follows: Taking these results as a basis, the writer considers that, under the given conditions, superphosphate is more to be recommended than bone meal. 512 Preliminary Report on Sugar Production from Maize. - CLARK, C. F.: in U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Circular No. 111 (Miscellaneous Papers), pp. 3-9. Washington, February 1, 1913. The experiments were conducted at Garden City, Kansas and at Washington, D. C. The variety used at Garden City was Stowell's Evergreen sweet corn. It was planted on May 15 and the ears were removed on August 9 when in the milk stage. For the Washington experiments a dent corn, a selection of the Boone County White, was used. It was planted about May 30 and the ears were removed on August 22. Tables are given showing the results of the analyses of the corn stalks (from some of which the ears had been removed, while on the others they had been left) gathered on different dates. Experiments were also made on extra pressing the stalks and on the clarification and evaporation of the juices. In conclusion, the experiments show that the removal of the immature ears from maize stalks greatly increases the sucrose content of the juice. There is also a small increase in non-sugar solids and a very pronounced increase in purity. The percentage of invert sugar is not materially affected. Comparision of corn with sorghum and sugar cane as a source of sugar. The purity coefficients of the juices are relatively low, the highest being 67.4 per cent. As a sugar-producing plant maize compares very favourably with sorghum in the chemical composition of its juice, but it is much lower than sugar cane in sucrose and purity as will be seen by the table given on the opposite page. These preliminary studies have been carried out with only two varieties of maize. Other varieties might give more, or less, favourable results. Besides, maize responds to selection for specific purposes, and it is possible that results achieved in the selection of beet might be paralleled with the proper selection of maize. 513 A Short Review of the Sugar Industry in the Philippine Islands. CONNER, C. M,: in The Philippine Agricultural Review, Vol. VI, No. 2, pp. 74-80 + fig. Manila, February 1913. The cultivation of sugar cane and the art of making sugar were already establised in the Philippines when these islands were discovered. From the provinces of Pampanga and Batangas, where sugar making was first carried on, it spread to the other islat ds. Sugar cane is grown on every kind of soil, from the light sandy soil of rather low natural fertility of Pampanga to the black, heavy, very retentive clay of Laguna and Batangas, or the volcanic and fertile soils in the neighbourchood of the Taal volcano and the Occidental Negros. In Occidental Negios the average yield of sugar is 2046 lbs. per acre. This average though is lowered by the number of fields poorly managed and of fields of low fertility planted to cane. On well managed plantations the yield per acre will rarely fall below 24 piculs (3389 lbs.), and frequently comes nearer 28 piculs (3925 lbs.). Commercial fertilizers are not used to any extent on sugar cane. Mostly some kind of rotation is followed in Pampanga and Tarlac rice and corn art planted after the cane crop. In Negros it is the custom to allow the fields to be idle for a year and to pasture the stock on them. The number of varieties of sugar cane found in the Philippines, prior to the organization of the Bureau of Agriculture, was very limited. The native cane ordinarily grown in Negros is, in respect to the richness and purity of its juice, an excellent cane, and having in addition a comparatively low fibre content it lends itself very well to milling. Many new varieties have been tested during the last twenty years, but only a few have given satisfaction. Some new varieties introduced from Hawaii in 1910 were grown by the Bureau of Science; the following results were obtained at Alabang, province of Rizal: The Hawaiian varieties ripened in Alabang much earlier than in their home. The larger-growing varieties have not met with popular favour among the small planters in the Philippines, first because the stalks were too big for the small mills to handle, and then because the larger varieties would not respond properly to the native methods of cultivation. The native cane is planted in rows varying from 20 to 40 inches apart. Cares thus planted check the growth of weeds and grasses, but do not produce the greatest amount of sugar per acre. Some of the more progressive farmers are planting the native cane in rows 50 and 70 inches apart. Until recently the extraction of the sugar was carried out with primitive methods and plant. Lately one large central mill has been erected at Mangarin, Mindoro. It is capable of grinding 1200 tons of cane in twenty-four hours. Two mills of like character are being built, one near Calamba, Laguna, and the other at San Carlos, Occidental Negros. 514 Varieties of Sugar Cane tried at the Experiment Station of the "Escuela de Arboricultura y Sacarotecnia" at Tucumán, Argentina. SIMOÉS, DOMINGO L.: in Boletin del Ministerio de Agricultura, Vol. XIV, No. 11-12, pp. 16351637. Buenos Aires, 1912. In the five years between 1908 and 1912, 82 varieties of sugar cane were tested at the above station. The varieties Roxa 15, Tamarin 21, Bois Rouge 26, Cayana 48, Verde de las Antillas 50, Sin nombre 52, Sin nombre 58, Sin nombre 65, Riscada de Santa Barbara 74, and 76 Java 234 were distinguished for their sugar content; Cayana Roxa, Verde de las Antillas 50, Sin nombre 52 and 58, and 76 Java 234 for their resistance to Bacillus sacchari (polvillo), though no completely resistant variety exists; the same varieties with the exception of Sin nombre 52, for their relative resistar.ee to the attacks of Diathraea saccharalis (perforador); the varieties Roxa 15, Tamarin 21, Bois rouge 26, Sin nombre 52 and 58, Riscada de Santa Barbara 74, and 76 Java 234 for their resistance to sudden falls of temperature, which in Tucuman constitute the chief risk in sugar cane growing. Juice Polarisa tion Brix Coefficient of purity |