This is due to the fact that the cross section of the neck is about the same in all bottles. The following analyses, made in 1911, show that, other conditions being the same, the changes which take place in the composition of the wine are greater in small than in large bottles. OTHER INDUSTRIES At the time of analysis, all these wines were in a good state of preservation. Thus the relative deposit decreases with the increase in size of the bottle, the acidity and ether content are less, the flavour is less developed, in a word, chemical analysis here confirms the opinion of the taster: wine ages more slowly in large than in small bottles. Daily Consular and Trade Reports, 16th Year, No. 27, p. 579 Washington, February 1, 1913. The following comparative statistics are from the California Fruit Grower, and represent the output of that State in the leading fruit and nut crops. Citrus-fruit shipments were 46 394 cars (1) in 1910-11 and 40 290 cars in 1911-12. (1) The California Carload is of 24 000 lbs. (Powetl-Wallschlaeger), The Italian Lemon Industry, p. 9. Los Angeles, 1913. (Ed.) PLANT DISEASES LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINI STRATIVE MEASURES FOR THE OF PLANTS 421 GENERAL INFORMATION. Lagislation on Plant Diseases in the Colony of Mauritius. KOENIG, P. Colony of Mauritius, Annual Report on the Forest and Gardens Department for 1911, pp. 16-17. 1912. In 1882, an Ordinance (No. 14 of 1882) was enacted in the Colony of Mauritius to prohibit or regulate the importation of vine plants or cuttings when affected or supposed to be affected with disease. The measure was passed at the request of the Government of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, to cooperate in prohibiting the importation of Phylloxera. No other legislation existed in Mauritius regulating the introduction of plants, fruits, manure, etc., except as regards protection from cattle plagues and animal diseases; against these the Medical and Health Department had been allowed a certain amount of control, chiefly after the outbreak of" Surra ", on importations of straw, animal manure and the like from countries where cattle plague was prevalent. On the 30th June 1910, on the invitation of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, an Ordinance was enacted (No. 4 of 1910), to prevent the introduction into the Colony of diseases of plants. The law came into effect on the 19th of August 1911, by Proclamation No. 29, prohibiting the importation of certain produce like earth and leaf-mould, animal and vegetable manure, cattle fodder, timber with bark on, etc., and allowing the landing of other produce after inspection and treatment, if need be, by the Director of Forests and Gardens. It was advised to disinfect the suspected plants by means of fumes of hydrocyanic acid, but a fumigator has not yet been built. As a disinfectant, recourse has often been had to an emulsion of petroleum, soap and creoline. During the service of inspection the presence was ascertained of Hemichionsaspis aspidistrae Sign., Parlatoria proteus Curt., Mytilaspis pallada Green on Citrus plants coming from China, Madagascar, etc., and of Hemichionaspis minor Mask, on pumpkins coming from the Rodriguez. 422 The Regulation of November 12, 1912, for the Transport of Vegetables in Uruguay. - Revista de la Asociación Rural del Reglamentación para el transporte de vegetales. Art. 1. No plant, or portion of a plant, can be transported in the territory of the Republic unless it is accompanied by the necessary certificate furnished by the "Defensa Agricola," or by the duly authorized proprietor, or official of the establishment from which it was despatched. The transport agents and railway officials must demand Art. 2. the certificate mentioned in Art. 1. Art. 3. Nursery gardeners and sellers of plants are obliged to request the examination of their products: if the results of the inspection show that the establishment is in a satisfactory sanitary condition, a certificate to this effect will be granted. Art. 4. -- This certificate will be valid for six months. Art. 5. The term fixed in the preceding article can be revoked any time that a subsequent inspection proves the existence of disease in the establishment, or whenever there is any infraction of the prescribed regulations. Art. 6. In every case where a new plant, or portion of a plant, which is being transported through the territory of the Republic is found to show symptoms of an infections disease, all the responsibility falls upon the giver of the certificate mentioned in Art. 1. Art. 7. The amount of the penalty incurred is to be fixed for each case as it occurs, but shall not exceed the sum of £20. Art. 8. At least 10 days before the expiration of this certificate, the possessor is required to inform the General Direction of the "Defensa Agricola" of the fact. Art. 9. In the certificate mentioned in article I are to be specified the number and kind of products to be transported and the names and addresses of the sender and the receiver. Art. 10. The form of certificate is to be that appointed by the General Direction of the "Defensa Agricola. 423 - Order on the Control of Locusts in Spain. Real orden disponiendo que por los Gobernadores civiles de las provincias que se mencionan se ordine à las Juntas locales de extinción de los pueblos invadidos por la langosta, la necessidad absoluta de que el dia 31 del actual se encuentren escarificados todos los terrenos que en sus respectivos términos esten acotados por contener germen de aquélla. Gaceta de Madrid, Year CCLII, Vol. I, No. 16, p. 139. Madrid, January 16, 1913. Art. 64 of the present law against the pests of agriculture (ley de Plagas del campo) of May 21, 1908, orders that the operations of cleaning the lands infested by locusts must be terminated by January 31. With the, object of reminding the authorities that the law must be rigorously observed the present Order has been issued. It provides : 1) That the civil governors of the provinces of Albaceta, Avila, Ba DISEASES NOT DUE TO PARASITES AND OF UNKNOWN ORI GIN. dajoz, Cáceres, Cádiz, Canarias, Ciudad Real, Córdoba, Cuenca, Huelva, Jaén, Léon, Madrid, Málaga, Salamanca, Seville and Toledo shall inform the local commissions for the destruction of locusts in the rural districts affected by them, of the absolute necessity of ploughing not later than January 31 all the fields which in the various communes are considered to harbour locusts' eggs. 2) That the Chief Engineers of the respective agricultural districts shall within eight days supply information as to the number of acres already ploughed and of those still unbroken. 3) That the above Engineers shall give their opinion on the probable state of the invasion at the end of the autumn and winter campaign in order to forecast the intensity of the infection in the coming spring, and on the efficient remedies for its destruction. 4) That when the proportion of locusts that may hatch in spring is known, the above mentioned civil governors, with their respective provincial councils of agriculture (de Fomento), shall order the local commissions to draw up the estimates of the expenses, in the form set forth by articles 70 and 71 of the Law. Should the Minister of Agriculture (Fomento) lack the funds required for the control of this pest, the above Law provides the necessary subsidies. 5) The above Ministry will prosecute contraveners of the law, availing itself of all the means at its disposal. 424 DISEASES NOT DUE TO PARASITES AND OF UNNOWN ORIGIN. The Infectious Chlorosis of Citrus Trees. In orange-groves it sometimes happens that certain trees are attacked by a serious kind of chlorosis, which increases in intensity during the course of two or three years and causes the death of its victim. The chief characteristic of this form of chlorosis consists in its very clear transmission by grafting; for this reason the writer, who has already observed it for twelve years, suggests giving it the name of "infectious chlorosis". All slips taken from a diseased individual give rise to trees which are chlorotic from their second year; the stock itself becomes infected and dies from the same disease, even if the grafted portion is cut off. If this infected tree is grafted again, the disease spreads to the new graft. According to the writer, two species of orange trees are especially liable to this malady: Washington Navel (coming from England, where it was grown under glass) and Siletta, of which grafts were sent from Australia; but it can make its appearance on other cultivated species of Citrus. |