THREATENED (OR BECAUSE THEY INVESTED IN OTHER SCHEMES)

AS LONG AS IT IS CLEAR THAT THEY, TOO, CAN BE SERVED BY
THOSE STANDARDS.

11. STANDARDS MUST BE SCIENTIFICALLY BASED AND GROUNDED IN PRAGMATISM.

STANDARDS, BY DEFINITION, CANNOT EXIST "BEFORE THEIR
TIME. PRESUMABLY, STANDARDS REPRESENT THE BEST
PRACTICES THAT ARE ALREADY IN EXISTENCE. THEREFORE,
WHERE KNOWLEDGE OR EXPERIENCE IS LACKING, STANDARDS ARE
ACTUALLY NOT POSSIBLE. ALSO, STANDARDS MUST REFLECT
PRAGMATISM AND PRACTICALITY. TO SPECIFY A STANDARD
THAT IS UNDULY DIFFICULT, BURDENSOME OR COSTLY DEFEATS
A MAJOR BENEFIT OF STANDARDIZATION LESS COST AND
COMPLEXITY. SOME AREAS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
THAT ARE CURRENTLY BEYOND THE STATE OF PRACTICE AND
KNOWLEDGE INCLUDE:

CROSS-ENTITY PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS

LIFE-CYCLE IMPACT ANALYSIS

DESIGN-FOR-ENVIRONMENT GUIDES THAT CAN BE USED

BY PRODUCT DESIGNERS

CATALOGUING THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF AN
ORGANIZATION

12. STANDARDS SHOULD BE HARMONIZED AND MERGED TO A MINIMAL SET TO AVOID DUPLICATION AND UNNECESSARY COSTS.

STANDARDS COST MONEY AND TIME TO IMPLEMENT, VALIDATE
AND VERIFY THEIR PRACTICE. DUPLICATION AND
INEFFICIENCIES ARE TO BE AVOIDED BY ALL MEANS:
IMPERATIVE THAT WHERE DIFFERENT SETS OF STANDARDS CAN
BE MERGED AND SIMPLIFIED, THAT THIS BE DONE.

IT IS

ATTACHMENT

Rio Declaration on Environment and Development

18

RIO DECLARATION ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

PRINCIPLE 6:

THE SPECIAL SITUATION AND NEEDS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES,
PARTICULARLY THE LEAST DEVELOPED AND THOSE MOST ENVIRONMENTALLY
VULNERABLE, SHALL BE GIVEN SPECIAL PRIORITY. INTERNATIONAL
ACTIONS IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT SHOULD ALSO
ADDRESS THE INTERESTS AND NEEDS OF ALL COUNTRIES.

PRINCIPLE 11:

STATES SHALL ENACT EFFECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION.
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS, MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND PRIORITIES
SHOULD REFLECT THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL CONTEXT TO
WHICH THEY APPLY. STANDARDS APPLIED BY SOME COUNTRIES MAY BE
INAPPROPRIATE AND OF UNWARRANTED ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COST TO
OTHER COUNTRIES, IN PARTICULAR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

PRINCIPLE 12:

STATES SHOULD COOPERATE TO PROMOTE A SUPPORTIVE AND OPEN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM THAT WOULD LEAD TO ECONOMIC GROWTH . AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ALL COUNTRIES, TO BETTER ADDRESS THE PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION. TRADE POLICY MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PURPOSES SHOULD NOT CONSTITUTE A MEANS OF ARBITRARY OR UNJUSTIFIABLE DISCRIMINATION OR A DISGUISED RESTRICTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE. UNILATERAL ACTIONS TO DEAL WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES OUTSIDE THE JURISDICTION OF THE IMPORTING COUNTRY SHOULD BE AVOIDED. ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES ADDRESSING TRANSBOUNDARY OR GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS SHOULD, AS FAR AS POSSIBLE, BE BASED ON AN INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS.

PRINCIPLE 26:

STATES SHALL RESOLVE ALL THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL DISPUTES PEACEFULLY
AND BY APPROPRIATE MEANS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CHARTER OF THE
UNITED NATIONS.

** TOTAL PAGE.308 *

Mr. VALENTINE. Dr. Wever.

Ms. WEVER. Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman, and members of the committee. I am Grace Wever, Vice President of Environmental Affairs for the Council of Great Lakes Industries, and I also serve as Eastman Kodak's Director and liaison to this organization.

Thank you for providing this opportunity to offer testimony on the concept of environmentally sound technologies on behalf of the Council. I would ask you to also add my full remarks, previously submitted, to the record.

The Council of Great Lakes Industries is a unique bi-national organization, founded to address long-term public policy. Our members include Canadian and U.S. manufacturers, transportation, utilities, and telecommunications firms and associations, as well as the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratories.

Our first chair was Silas Keehn, President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Our current chair is Paul Tippett, former Chairman and CEO of American Motors. Since our founding we have clearly supported sustainability by encouraging pollution prevention and total quality environmental management, by promoting better integration of economic, environmental and social issues and by fostering sound science as a foundation for decision-making and policy.

These themes are echoed in the policy recommendations we provided to the International Joint Commission's Water Quality Board on revising the Canada-U.S. Water Quality Agreement as well as in policy perspectives that we have provided EPA's Science Advisory Board on the recently published Great Lakes Water Quality Guidance.

They were also reflected in the theme of our 1992 annual meeting, "Economic and Environmental Challenges to Competitiveness." This year, at IJC's biennial meeting we are sponsoring two workshops, the "Economic Impact of Good and Bad Regulation" and "The Chlorine Debate: Emotion or Science." A one-day conference on the potential effects of NAFTA on the region, hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, is planned for late this year.

Over the past 3 years we have successfully partnered with a number of regional groups. For example, we cosponsored a conference on the future of Great Lakes water quality law with the Council of Great Lakes Governors and the University of Toledo's College of Law.

In 1991, we developed a unique relationship with the Council of Great Lakes Governors responding to the Governors' interest to develop a regional environmental award. We recommended an award that was based on total quality environmental management rather than on one for one-time pollution prevention achievement.

We offered to provide leadership in developing quality-based criteria for the award process. I hold in my hands a copy of a qualitybased primer that we developed based on that promise. The primer includes a self-assessment matrix based on the Baldrige categories. The matrix is based on an approach first developed for internal use by Kodak to implement Total Quality Management about 5 years

Our Council's Primer was developed as a guide for companies interested in implementing total quality environmental management. However, it was also designed to be used as part of an award process, since the matrix and assessment questions can be used by award examiners, and the case-study it contains can also serve as a model award application. We provided a copy of this Primer to your committee. We encourage your view and feedback on it. [The information follows:]

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