comments shall be available to the public at the cost of reproduction.

(2) If any final rule is prescribed by the Secretary after such public comment period under subsection (d) it shall be published in the Federal Register, together with each of the findings required by subsection (d).

(3)(A) Any person aggrieved by any final rule under subsection (d) may at any time before the 60th day after the date such rule is published under paragraph (2) file a petition with the United States Court of Appeals for the circuit wherein such person resides, or has his principal place of business, for judicial review thereof. A copy of the petition shall be forthwith transmitted by the clerk of the court to the Secretary. The Secretary thereupon shall file in the court the written submissions to, and transcript of, the written and oral proceedings on which the rule was based, as provided in section 2112 of title 28, United States Code.

(B) Upon the filing of the petition referred to in paragraph (1), the court shall have jurisdiction to review the rule in accordance with chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code, and to grant appropriate relief as provided in such chapter. No rule may be affirmed unless supported by substantial evidence.

(C) The judgment of the court affirming or setting aside, in whole or in part, any such rule shall be final, subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States upon certiorari or certification as provided in section 1254 of title 28, United States Code.

(4) In the case of any information which is provided the Secretary or the court during the consideration and review of any such rule and which is determined to be confidential by the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of section 11(d) of the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974, any disclosure of such information by an officer or employee of the United States or of any department or agency thereof, except in an in camera proceeding by the Secretary or the court, shall be deemed a violation of section 1905 of title 18, United States Code.

EFFECT ON STATE LAW

SEC. 509. [2009] (a) Whenever an average fuel economy standard established under this part is in effect, no State or political subdivision of a State shall have authority to adopt or enforce any law or regulation relating to fuel economy standards or average fuel economy standards applicable to automobiles covered by such Federal standard.

(b) Whenever any requirement under section 506 is in effect with respect to any automobile, no State or political subdivision of a State shall have authority to adopt or enforce any law or regulation with respect to the disclosure of fuel economy of such automobile, or of fuel cost associated with the operation of such automobile, if such law or regulation is not identical with such requirement.

(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent any State or political subdivision thereof from establishing requirements with respect to fuel economy of automobiles procured for its

own use.

USE OF FUEL EFFICIENT PASSENGER AUTOMOBILES BY THE FEDERAL

GOVERNMENT

SEC. 510. [2010] (a) The President shall, within 120 days after the date of enactment of this title, promulgate rules which shall require that all passenger automobiles acquired by all executive agencies in each fiscal year which begins after such date of enactment achieve a fleet average fuel economy for such year not less than

(1) 18 miles per gallon, or

(2) the average fuel economy standard applicable under section 502(a) for the model year which includes January 1 of such fiscal year,

whichever is greater.

(b) As used in this section:

(1) The term "fleet average fuel economy" means (A) the total number of passenger automobiles acquired in a fiscal year to which this section applies by all executive agencies (excluding passenger automobiles designed to perform combat related missions for the Armed Forces or designed to be used in law enforcement work or emergency rescue work), divided by (B) a sum of terms, each term of which is a fraction created by dividing—

(i) the number of passenger automobiles so acquired of a given model type, by

(ii) the fuel economy of such model type.

(2) The term "executive agency" has the same meaning as such term has for purposes of section 105 of title 5, United States Code.

(3) The term "acquired" means leased for a period of 60 continuous days or more, or purchased.

RETROFIT DEVICES

SEC. 511. [2011] (a) The Federal Trade Commission shall establish a program for systematically examining fuel economy representations made with respect to retrofit devices. Whenever the Commission has reason to believe that any such representation may be inaccurate, it shall request the EPA Administrator to evaluate, in accordance with subsection (b), the retrofit device with respect to which such representation was made.

(b)(1) Upon application of any manufacturer of a retrofit device (or prototype thereof), upon the request of the Federal Trade Commission pursuant to subsection (a), or upon his own motion, the EPA Administrator shall evaluate, in accordance with rules prescribed under subsection (d), any retrofit device to determine whether the retrofit device increases fuel economy and to determine whether the representations (if any) made with respect to such retrofit device are accurate.

(2) If under paragraph (1) the EPA Administrator tests, or causes to be tested, any retrofit device upon the application of a manufacturer of such device, such manufacturer shall supply, at his own expense, one or more samples of such device to the Administrator and shall be liable for the costs of testing which are incurred by the Administrator. The procedures for testing retrofit de

vices so supplied may include a requirement for preliminary testing by a qualified independent testing laboratory, at the expense of the manufacturer of such device.

(c) The EPA Administrator shall publish in the Federal Register a summary of the results of all tests conducted under this section, together with the EPA Administrator's conclusions as to(1) the effect of any retrofit device on fuel economy;

(2) the effect of any such device on emissions of air pollutants; and

(3) any other information which the Administrator determines to be relevant in evaluating such device.

Such summary and conclusions shall also be submitted to the Secretary and the Federal Trade Commission.

(d) Within 180 days after the date of enactment of this title, the EPA Administrator shall, by rule, establish

(1) testing and other procedures for evaluating the extent to which retrofit devices affect fuel economy and emissions of air pollutants, and

(2) criteria for evaluating the accuracy of fuel economy representations made with respect to retrofit devices.

(e) For purposes of this section the term "retrofit device" means any component, equipment, or other device

(1) which is designed to be installed in or on an automobile (as an addition to, as a replacement for, or through alteration or modification of, any original component, equipment, or other device); and

(2) which any manufacturer, dealer, or distributor of such device represents will provide higher fuel economy than would have resulted with the automobile as originally equipped, as determined under rules of the Administrator. Such term also includes a fuel additive for use in an automobile.

REPORTS TO CONGRESS

SEC. 512. [2012] (a) Within 180 days after the date of enactment of this title, the Secretary shall prepare and submit to the Congress and the President a comprehensive report setting forth findings and containing conclusions and recommendations with respect to (1) a requirement that each new automobile be equipped with a fuel flow instrument reading directly in miles per gallon, and (2) the most feasible means of equipping used automobiles with such instruments. Such report shall include an examination of the effectiveness of such instruments in promoting voluntary reductions in fuel consumption, the cost of such instruments, means of encouraging automobile purchasers to voluntarily purchase automobiles equipped with such instruments, and any other factor bearing on the cost and effectiveness of such instruments and their

use.

(b)(1) Within 180 days after the date of enactment of this title the Secretary shall prepare and submit to the Congress and the President a comprehensive report setting forth findings and containing conclusions and recommendations with respect to whether or not electric vehicles and other vehicles not consuming fuel (as defined in the first sentence of section 501(5)) should be covered by this part. Such report shall include an examination of the extent

to which any such vehicle should be included under the provisions of this part, the manner in which energy requirements of such vehicles may be compared with energy requirements of fuel-consuming vehicles, the extent to which inclusion of such vehicles would stimulate their production and introduction into commerce, and any recommendations for legislative action.

(2) As used in this subsection, the term "electric vehicle" means vehicle powered primarily by an electric motor drawing current from rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, or other portable sources of electrical current.

(c)(1) After an exemption has been granted under section 503(b)(3), the Secretary and the Secretary of Labor shall annually conduct a joint examination of the extent to which the amendment made to section 503(b) by section 4(a)(1) of the Automobile Fuel Efficiency Act of 1980

(A) achieves the purposes of that Act and this title, including whether such amendment has promoted employment in the United States related to motor vehicle manufacturing,

(B) has not caused undue harm to the motor vehicle manufacturing sector in the United States, and

(C) has permitted any manufacturer that has assembled passenger automobiles which are considered domestically manufactured under section 503(b)(2)(E) to thereafter assemble in the United States passenger automobiles of the same model type which have less than 75 percent of their value added in the United States or Canada, together with the reasons for such action.

(2) The Secretary shall include the results of such examination in each annual report that is made to the Congress under subsection (a) more than 180 days after an exemption has been granted under section 503(b)(3) of this subsection, or transmit the results of such examination directly to the Congress before such a report in any case in which circumstances so warrant.

NOTE: Section 13(c) of the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976 (15 U.S.C. 2512(c)), as added by the Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979, provides:

"(1) The Secretary of Energy in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency is authorized and directed to conduct a seven-year evaluation program of the inclusion of electric vehicles, as defined in section 512(b)(2) of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 2012(b)(2)), in the calculation of average fuel economy pursuant to section 503(a) (1) and (2) of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 2003(a) (1) and (2)) to determine the value and implications of such inclusion as an incentive for the early initiation of industrial engineering development and initial commercialization of electric vehicles in the United States. The evaluation program shall be conducted in parallel with the research and development activities of section 6 and demonstration activities of section 7 (15 U.S.C. 2505 and 2506) to provide all necessary information no later than January 1, 1987, for the private sector and Federal, State and local officials to make required decisions for the full commercialization of electric vehicles in the United States.

"(2) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of Transportation, shall implement immediately the evaluation program by promulgating, within sixty days of enactment of the Act, regulations to include electric vehicles in average fuel economy calculations under section 503(a) (1) and (2) of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act."

[Paragraph (2) included an amendment which added a new section 503(a)(3) to the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act, which is set forth above.]

(3) The Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall include a full discussion of this evaluation program in the annual report required by section 14 (15 U.S.C. 2513, in each year after promulgation of the regulations under paragraph (2). The Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall submit to the Congress on January 1, 1987, a final report on the results of the evaluation program and any recommendations regarding the continued inclusion of electric vehicles in the average fuel economy calculations under the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act.".

MANUFACTURING INCENTIVES FOR AUTOMOBILES

SEC. 513. [2013] (a) DEDICATED AUTOMOBILE.-Except as provided in subsection (c) or in section 503(a)(3), if a manufacturer manufactures any model type of dedicated automobile, the fuel economy measured for that model type shall be based on the fuel content of the alternative fuel used to operate such automobile. For purposes of this section, a gallon of a liquid alternative fuel used to operate such automobile shall be considered to contain 15 onehundredths of a gallon of fuel.

(b) DUAL FUELED AUTOMOBILE.-Except as provided in subsection (d) or in section 503(a)(3), if a manufacturer manufactures any model type of dual fueled automobile, the fuel economy measured for that model type shall be measured by the EPA Administrator by dividing 1.0 by the sum of—

(1) 0.5 divided by the fuel economy as measured under section 503(d) while operating such model type on gasoline or diesel fuel; and

(2) 0.5 divided by the fuel economy as measured under subsection (a) of this section while operating such model type on alternative fuel.

(c) GASEOUS FUEL DEDICATED AUTOMOBILE.-If a manufacturer manufactures any model type of gaseous fuel dedicated automobile, the fuel economy measured for that model type shall be based on the fuel_content of the gaseous fuel used to operate such automobile. For purposes of this section, 100 cubic feet of natural gas shall be considered to contain 0.823 gallons equivalent of natural gas, and a gallon equivalent of natural gas shall be considered to have a fuel content of 15 one-hundredths of a gallon of fuel. For purposes of this section, the Secretary shall determine the appropriate gallons equivalent measurement for gaseous fuels other than natural gas, and a gallon equivalent of such gaseous fuel shall be considered to have a fuel content of 15 one-hundredths of a gallon of fuel.

(d) GASEOUS FUEL DUAL FUELED AUTOMOBILE.-If a manufacturer manufactures any model type of gaseous fuel dual fueled automobile, the fuel economy measured for that model type shall be measured by the EPA Administrator by dividing 1.0 by the sum of

(1) 0.5 divided by the fuel economy as measured under section 503(d) while operating such model type on gasoline or diesel fuel; and