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portion of the Nation's rural manpower problem and substantially affects the entire national economy;

(2) because of the special nature of certain farmworker manpower problems such programs can best be administered at the national level.

(b) (1) Funds available for this section shall be expended for programs and activities consistent with the purposes of this section, including but not limited to programs and activities carried out by eligible applicants under other provisions of this Act.

(2) For the purpose of carrying out this section, the Secretary shall reserve from funds available for this title an amount equal to not less than 5 percent of the amount allocated pursuant to section 103(a)(1).

YOUTH PROGRAMS AND OTHER SPECIAL PROGRAMS

SEC. 304. (a) The Secretary may provide financial assistance in urban and rural areas, including areas having large concentrations or proportions of low-income, unemployed persons, and rural areas having substantial outmigration to urban areas, for comprehensive work and training programs, and necessary supportive and follow-up services, including the following:

(1) programs to provide part-time employment, on-the-job training, and useful work experience for students from lowincome families who are in the ninth through twelfth grades of school (or are of an age equivalent to that of students in such grades) and who are in need of the earnings to permit them to resume or maintain attendance in school;

(2) programs to provide unemployed, underemployed, or lowincome persons (aged sixteen and over) with useful work and training (which must include sufficient basic education and institutional or on-the-job training) designed to assist those persons to develop their maximum occupational potential and to obtain regular competitive employment;

(3) jobs, including those in recreation and related programs, for economically disadvantaged youths during the summer months;

(4) special programs which involve work activities directed to the needs of those chronically unemployed poor who have poor employment prospects and are unable, because of age, lack of employment opportunity, or otherwise, to secure appropriate employment or training assistance under other programs, and which, in addition to other services provided, will enable such persons to participate in projects for the betterment, physical improvement, or beautification of the community or areas served by the program;

(5) special programs which provide unemployed or lowincome persons with jobs leading to career opportunities, including new types of careers, in programs designed to improve the physical, social, economic, or cultural condition of the community or area served;

(6) special services, when required, for middle-aged and older men and women, including recruitment, placement, and counseling for such persons who are unemployed as a result of the clos

ing of a plant or factory or a permanent large-scale reduction in the work force of a locality, and provide grants to or contracts with prime sponsors to assist such sponsors in securing parttime or temporary employment for middle-aged and older persons; and

(7) other manpower programs conducted by community-based organizations. (b) To the maximum extent feasible, programs or components of programs conducted under this section shall be linked to comprehensive work and training programs conducted by prime sponsors under title I of this Act, but the Secretary may provide financial assistance to a public agency or private organization other than a prime sponsor to carry out one or more component programs described in subsection (a) when he determines, after soliciting and considering comments the appropriate prime sponsor, if any, that such assistance would enhance program effectiveness. In the case of programs under subsection (a)(1) of this section, financial assistance may be provided directly to local or State education agencies, after consultation with the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, for the operation of such programs.

CONSULTATION WITH SECRETARY OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

SEC. 306. The Secretary of Labor shall consult with the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, with respect to arrangements for services of a health, education, or welfare character under this Act, and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare shall solicit the advice and comments of State educational agencies with respect to education services. Such services include but are not limited to basic or general education; educational programs conducted for offenders; institutional training; health care, child care, and other supportive services; and new careers and job restructuring in the health, education, and welfare professions. When the Secretary of Labor arranges for the provision of basic education and vocational training directly, pursuant to the provisions of this title, he shall obtain the approval of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare for such arrangements.

PART B-RESEARCH, TRAINING, AND EVALUATION

RESEARCH

SEC. 311. (a) To assist the Nation in expanding work opportunities and assuring access to those opportunities for all who desire it, the Secretary shall establish a comprehensive program of manpower research utilizing the methods, techniques, and knowledge of the behavioral and social sciences and such other methods, techniques, and knowledge as will aid in the solution of the Nation's manpower problems. This program will include, but not be limited to, studies, the findings of which may contribute to the formulation of manpower policy: development or improvement of manpower programs; increased knowledge about labor market processes; reduction of unemployment and its relationships to price stability; promotion of more effective manpower development, training, and utilization; improved national,

regional, and local means of measuring future labor demand and supply; enhancement of job opportunities; skill training to qualify employees for positions of greater skill, responsibility, and remuneration; meeting of manpower shortages; easing of the transition from school to work, from one job to another, and from work to retirement, opportunities and services for older persons who desire to enter or reenter the labor force, and for improvements of opportunities for employment and advancement through the reduction of discrimination and disadvantage arising from poverty, ignorance, or prejudice. (b) The Secretary shall establish a program of experimental, developmental, demonstration, and pilot projects, through grants to or contracts with public or private non-profit organizations, or through contracts with other private organizations, for the purpose of improving techniques and demonstrating the effectiveness of specialized methods in meeting the manpower, employment, and training problems, however, nothing in this subsection shall authorize the Secretary to carry out employment programs experimenting with subsidized wages in the private sector or with wages less than those established by the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended, for employment subject to that Act. In carrying out this subsection with respect to programs designed to provide employment and training opportunities for low-income people, the Secretary shall consult with such other agencies as may be appropriate. Where programs under this section require institutional training, appropriate arrangements for such training shall be agreed to by the Secretary of Labor and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.

(c) The Secretary is authorized to conduct, either directly or by way of contract, grant, or other arrangement, a thorough evaluation of all programs and activities conducted pursuant to this Act to determine the effectiveness of such programs and activities in meeting the special needs of disadvantaged, chronically unemployed, and low-income persons for meaningful employment opportunities and supportive services to continue or resume their education and employment and to become more responsible and productive citizens. (d) The Secretary shall conduct such research and investigations as give promise of furthering the objectives of this Act either directly or through grants, contracts, or other arrangements.

LABOR MARKET STATISTICS AND JOB BANK

SEC. 312. (a) The Secretary shall develop a comprehensive system of labor market information on a national, State, local, or other appropriate basis, which shall be made publicly available in a timely fashion.

(b) In addition to the monthly national unemployment statistics, the Secretary shall develop reliable methods, including the use of selected sample surveys, to produce more statistically accurate data on unemployment, underemployment and labor demand by State, local, and poverty areas.

(c) The Secretary shall develop preliminary data for an annual statistical measure of labor market related economic hardship in the nation. Among the factors to be considered in developing such a measure are unemployment, labor force participation, involuntary

part-time employment, and full-time employment at less than poverty

wages.

(d) The Secretary shall develop methods to establish and maintain more comprehensive household budget data at different levels of living, including a level of adequacy, to reflect the differences of household living costs in regions and localities, both urban and rural. (e) The Secretary shall set aside, out of sums available to the department for any fiscal year including sums available under section 4(e) of this Act, an amount which he determines is necessary and appropriate to enable him to carry out the provisions of this section, and shall no later than sixty days after such sums are appropriated and made available notify the appropriate committees of the Congress of the amount so set aside and the basis for his determination of need and appropriateness.

(f) The Secretary shall report to the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare and to the House Committee on Education and Labor the results of his efforts under subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section by December 31, 1974.

(g) The Secretary shall establish and carry out a nationwide computerized job bank and matching program (utilizing the listing of all suitable employment openings with local offices of the State employment service by Federal contractors and subcontractors and providing for the special emphasis as required by section 2012 (a) of title 38, United States Code) on a regional, State, and local basis, using electronic data processing and telecommunications systems to the maximum extent possible for the purpose of identifying sources of available persons and job vacancies, providing an expeditious means of matching the qualifications of unemployed, underemployed, and economically disadvantaged persons with employer requirements and job opportunities, and referring and placing such persons in jobs.

EVALUATION

SEC. 313. (a) The Secretary shall provide for the continuing evaluation of all programs and activities conducted pursuant to this Act, including their cost in relation to their effectiveness in achieving stated goals, their impact on communities and participants, their implication for related programs, the extent to which they meet the needs of persons of various ages, and the adequacy of the mechanism for the delivery of services. In conducting the evaluations called for by this subsection, the Secretary shall compare the effectiveness of programs conducted by prime sponsors of the same class, of different classes, and shall compare the effectiveness of programs conducted by prime sponsors with similar programs carried out by the Secretary under section 110, or under title III. He shall also arrange for obtaining the opinions of participants about the strengths and weaknesses of the programs.

(b) In order to enable the Secretary to measure the relative and, where programs can be compared appropriately, comparative effectiveness of programs authorized under this Act and part C of title IV of the Social Security Act, he shall require that periodic reports be submitted to him. Reports submitted under this subsection shall contain data which shall include information on

(1) enrollee characteristics, including age, sex, race, health, education level, and previous wage and employment experience; (2) duration in training and employment situations, including information on the duration of employment of program participants for at least a year following the termination of federally assisted programs and comparable information on other employees or trainees of participating employers; and

(3) total dollar cost per trainee, including breakdown between salary or stipend, training and supportive services, and administrative costs.

From the information received pursuant to this section, the Secretary shall compile the information on a State, regional, and national basis. (c) The Secretary is authorized to carry out a special program to demonstrate the efficacy of providing certificates or vouchers to economically disadvantaged, unemployed, and underemployed persons entitling private employers who provide employment, training, and services to each person volunteering to participate in such program to payment in amounts equal to the face value of the certificate for specified periods of time during which each such person may not be fully productive.

REMOVAL OF ARTIFICIAL BARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENT AND ADVANCEMENT

SEC. 314. The Secretary, in consultation with appropriate departments and agencies of the Federal Government, shall conduct a continuing study of the extent to which artificial barriers to employment and occupation advancement, including civil service requirements and practices relating thereto, within agencies conducting programs under this Act, restrict the opportunities for employment and advancement within such agencies and shall develop and promulgate guidelines, based upon such study, setting forth recommendations for task and skill requirements for specific jobs and recommended job descriptions at all levels of employment, designed to encourage career employment and occupational advancement within such agencies.

TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

SEC. 315. The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, and other appropriate officials, where appropriate, shall provide directly or through grants, contracts, or other arrangements, preservice and inservice training for specialized, supportive, and supervisory or other personnel and technical assistance which is needed in connection with the programs established under this Act.

TITLE IV-JOB CORPS

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

SEC. 401. This title establishes a Job Corps for low-income disadvantaged young men and women, sets forth standards and procedures for selecting individuals as enrollees in the Job Corps, authorizes the establishment of residential and nonresidential centers in which enrollees will participate in intensive programs of education, voca

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