the American type of Christian manhood. Don't trust to luck, there is no such thing. Feel for every class as parents do for their children. The man who keeps his hand on the motor brings. the trolley on its way. Slipshod, lackadaisical methods spell failure. Your horoscope is in the success of the class you have established.

Second-Method

1. Nationality.- Fifty varieties! Don't be dismayed. The miner attacks one spot and not the whole quarry. Begin with one nation. Organize work along racial lines. Pass on to another race. Homogeneous groups have common interests and work well together. Like draws like. Psychology is useful for the individual, it is equally applicable to the race. Know the mind of a race. When you mix nations, learn which will and which will not mix. Oil and water will not mix; no more will peoples who have racial antipathy and prejudice. A study of nationality avoids failure.

2. Subject matter. The lessons are well worked out. Workers are interested in concrete subjects, the lessons are concrete. The pupils are adults, they have forgotten childish things. They have rich experiences. The lessons clothe these experiences in a new garment of language. Workers want to talk the prime emphasis is on talking. Reading and writing are not forgotten, they are nails to clinch oral instruction. Men have common interests when they have a common medium of communication. The lessons open up channels of intercourse between the foreigner and his fellow workers. The subject matter is daily experience methodized by pedagogy and common sense. These three elements must also enter the cranium of the leader if good results are expected.

3. In the classroom. The teacher needs three thingspunctuality, preparedness, cheerfulness. Classes should begin on time, most foreigners are not prompt, if you are prompt, they will soon learn that lesson. Each lesson should be like a well

cooked meal, ready to serve. An ill-prepared teacher is like a

half-baked cake-one side hard and the other soft. The best of wheat is only good in the well-baked loaf, the best of teachers is only good when he prepares his lesson. Foreigners believe in direct action, beating around the bush will not do. Shoot straight and not over their heads. Don't bluff, the foreigner knows

wheat from chaff.

As sunshine to a garden, so is cheerfulness in the classroom. Greet the pupils with a smile. Call them by their given name. Be patient with the backward ones. Frowning and cursing foreigners know-make the class hour one of hearty good will and cheerfulness.

4. Attitude.- Be natural. Know the difference between bombast and ballast. Goodness wins, it is contagious. Attend to small things-class roll, clean chairs, correct names, proper supplies, etc. Every flood started in a leak. When a pupil is wanting, don't say: "One less makes no difference." That man's feet may mark the path others will tread. Be sincere. Let the men know that you believe in God as well as in the Brotherhood of man. Americanization means blending as well as bleaching. Foreigners need sympathy more than English and bathing facilities. Men living in bunks and slums are hungering for love and peace though their clothes are shabby and their food

coarse.

5. Aim. Men of purpose know where they go, do you! What is your aim? Enter your room, close the door and define it. Skeptics, agnostics, non-believers, non-religious groupsall shout Americanization; wherein do you differ from these? America was founded by men who believed in God, the nation was born shouting "the inalienable rights of man to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness;" it was preserved by men who believed in the God of Battles. America means appreciation of religious values expressed in action by man to man. Every foreigner is God's child and may be formed into the image of the Son of God. To do this shaping the class, the lecture, the service are only Unless soul moves soul Godward, we miss the mark.

means.

Third-Achievement

1. Resources. Men and money are in God's hand-ask great things. Men are measured by the tasks they undertake. Plans on paper help-achievements count. Guard against self-deception. Tap the untouched reservoirs of your heart and soul. The "tender mercies of God" are available in this twentieth century. The fountains of virtue in the hearts of foreigners have never been touched. Try to open them. Riches flow from very unlikely places. From the rock in the wilderness Moses drew water. Draw upon the hearts of foreigners.

2. Checks. The American Beauty plus a thorn-that's God's Checks.-The way. Cross and Crown is the combination. Selfishness is ubiquitous, among foreign- and native-born. You can't bank on every banker. Stars rise and wane, so do the hearts of men. Human nature is frail, yet God thinks it worth while to work with it from the beginning till now. You cannot strike twelve right off, your timepiece may never strike that; keep the higher numbers before you while wrestling with the lower. When clouds are thick, they hide but don't put out the sun.

3. Records. Keep tabs on your work. Men who don't run their business are run by it. Keep a steady hand on the motor. Don't take a chance, it's not good business. Keep close to helpers the teachers. Know within twenty-four hours how each class goes. Visualize your work. Know each week what direction your work takes. The straw shows how the wind blowswatch the straws. Men who attend to detail swing the world.

4. Reports. Men want to know what you are doing-give them a report. Make it concise and clear. Good reports are not padded. Imagination should not take the place of facts-performances and not promises shine in reports. Exchange reports with your friends. A good statement of facts is an art, study the good. Hot air has its place in the other fellow's mouth. Put the facts before men and let the other fellow blow the horn. Bells are good on churches and pushcarts, but not on men.

5. Idealism. The moral teacher has an ideal, the materialist has none. Men having all their roots in the earth, have no stars. above them. Men who have no God are like ships without chart and compass. Faith in the Unseen means appreciation of the seen. The mole says there is no sun, it has never seen it. The man who limits his knowledge to physical experience is poorthere are psychical experiences which hitch us to a world without weights and measures. Don't lose the fresh faith of your childhood in the goodness of man and the presence of God. The twentieth century needs men who see visions and dream dreams.

We have no hidebound requirements for teachers, believing that it depends on the individual. We oftentimes have found best results from a teacher drawn from the shop- a man with a good heart who can talk plainly and who understands his men. We believe the essentials in teacher training for this work are very largely fifty-fifty-head and heart. We have a large number of foremen who are teaching successfully.

The attendance at factory classes depends upon the teacher and upon the hours these men work as well as upon the constant shifting that always exists among foreign-born employees.

We reached forty-two nationalities last year, the following report describing our work among them:

REPORT FOR 1918-19 OF Y. M. C. A. AMERICANIZATION WORK

The war disorganized Association work for Coming Americans both in Europe and America. The European situation is still in a state of chaos; at home the Association is resuming Americanization work in splendid fashion. Sixty-four men are giving all time to the work, seventy-six others give half time to Making Americans, and another hundred secretaries in small Associations hope to do something for the foreign-born this coming year. Never was Americanization more needed; never was it more conscious in the public mind; never was the Association better equipped for the work. The following report is good, but its chief value is in the promise of better work this coming year.

One hundred and twenty Associations reported 10,856 men in English classes, taught by 528 teachers; and 10,275 men, with their faces toward citizenship, were aided; each Association on an average doing intensive work for 176 men. Suppose the 413 Associations in the immigration zone were each to do as much, how many men would be in English classes and on the way to naturalization in 1919 ?

Fifty-seven Associations reported 1,288 lectures, with an attendance of 264,879. In thirty-one of these, eighty-four entertainments were conducted for foreign neighbors, with an attendance. of 40,409a total of 305,288 persons, representing forty-two distinct peoples, touching elbows, and looking to the America of tomorrow. Can a million foreign-born men and their sons be better employed? Let's make it a million! Send for list of lectures.

Other Activities

The sons of foreign-born men go to the bad fast because of lack of adaptation. They need help. Just seven Associations reported 567 boys organized into clubs in foreign communities under the lealership of ninety-five men. There are a million who need help to understand America. They are the lads in