Also occasional services in foreign languages are necessary to make and keep the point of contact. For this foreign language

speaking clergy could divide their time among a number of places.

Not all our immigrants by any means have settled in New York and Chicago, nor in factory and mining cities and towns. The older immigration of Swedes, Norwegians and Germans fill the Dakotas and Minnesota, and because they are in the majority they keep to the full their language, and so are out of touch with Americans and Americanization like the Pennsylvania Dutch who migrated 200 years ago and have remained the same. Nebraska is also full of Czechs we used to call them Bohemians. Now we love to honor them by their own name. Italians, Jews, Poles and Portuguese find the Hudson Valley and New England farms attractive settling places. And on many a farm the Dane longs for a church like his own, and does not realize that it is but a few miles away.

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Our rural missionaries and archdeacons would find a far bigger result from the foreigner fresh from the real religious influences of his fatherland, than from the degenerate native whose religious ideals are things lost two or three generations ago.

For the solving of this problem, no definite plan has yet been evolved, but a general survey, and during the summer months the sending into various sections a number of student colporteurs, should uncover much and put a number of people in touch with eur rural missionaries.

THE PARTICULAR RACES

Our Church has a great opportunity with several particular ices of certain classes. These particular classes of races are ir particular wards. We alone can reach them adequately. ecretaries of other Mission Boards have from time to time told 8: "Why don't you do something? We are spending men and oney and we can do little compared with you. These races are

our particular job."

From time to time clergy of some of these races have come o us and asked to enter our ministry, and we have been obliged ≫ turn them down.

These particular classes to whom it is our particular duty to how what true America means, and to bring them into or keep them in the fellowship of Christ's religion; these are the Scandanavian Episcopalians, the members of the Eastern Orthodox and other Eastern churches, the lapsed Roman Catholics, especially the Italians, the Czechs, who never have been Roman Catholic at heart, and our own neglected Anglican Welsh.

Each of these constitute a different and distinct problem.

The ultimate aim is to make all these thorough American Christians, adding to American life all the riches they bring from their former homeland. Also they must be brought to worship God in our own language. The foreign language and instruction service is but a temporary make-shift. Nevertheless, it is a necessary one. For one cannot communicate thoughts to another except he be understood, both in language and symbol.

Moreover, only the clergy of a particular race can fully understand the predispositions of their own race, and so establish the necessary point of contact and adequately reach.

To the above particular classes we American churchmen can fulfill our wondrous opportunity and duty, if we will go at it in the large for our God and our country.

Italians

There are over 4,000,000 in the United States, including their native-born children. There is not a state in the Union without Italians; not only in most of our important cities, but in many of the smaller, their numbers are very large.

Their largest centers are New York-perhaps the largest Italian city in the world -- Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco,

Providence, New Haven, Bridgeport, etc. third are utterly unchurched.

Probably over one

What We Have Done. We have twenty-two Italian missionaries in active work, and a few deaconesses and women workers. In New York fourteen Italian missions. The others are in Chicago, Gary, Ind.; Youngstown, Ohio; Wind Gap, Pa.; Philadelphia, Boston, Hartford and Bridgeport, Conn.

The work for the most part is poorly equipped, yet most suc cessful, but it is only a drop in the bucket of what we can and should do.

Policy Proposed. The scope of the Italian work is much more than parochial. It is like that of the Indian, Negro, Chinese, etc., a special nation-wide problem.

It needs unification in training and method, not isolated experiments.

Building churches and chapels suitable for the Italian's need of color and light.

Training and providing more Italian clergy.

Providing deaconesses and women workers, who are essential in the proper conduct of the work among children and mothers. Teaching American children citizenship and ideals, lessons in English.

Providing at least two itinerant Italian missionaries to survey and establish work in new places.

Publication of a periodical in Italian and English, and other literature for Americanization and religious education.

Scandinavians

Scandinavians, foreign- and native-born, in the United States, number about 4,000,000, 4 per cent. of our total population. About one-half are Swedes, one-fourth Norwegians and one-fourth Danes. They are found in every state of the Union, but especially in the mid-West, Northeast and far-West. They are intelligent, thrifty, a solid part of our population. They came from lands where the National churches are Episcopal. They were

brought up on the collects, epistles and gospels, a liturgy much like our own; careful preparation for Confirmation, deep reverence for Holy Communion; but in the United States nearly 3,000,000 of them are unchurched.

We have a special duty and opportunity toward these, which could and should have been adequately fulfilled long ago to minister to the neglected children of our sister Episcopal churches, and the Americanization of these misunderstood people; bring them to think and worship in our American language.

What We Have Done.- Bishop Kemper and his Swedish pupil, the first graduate of Nashotah, began work in Chicago sixty years ago, and for some years a successful work was done, which recognized the orders of the Swedish Church.

Since 1887 other work was carried on, increasingly in different. parts of the country, with several Swedish priests and a Swedish general missioner under the Board of Missions. Despite lack of much support, thousands of Scandinavians have become through our work thoroughly Americanized and good churchmen, till they are scattered all over the country in our regular English-speaking parishes about 29,000.

We have seventeen parishes and organized missions under the care of eleven men of Swedish birth in priests' orders; 5,681 have been presented for Confirmation by these. From 1887 to 1919, our Swedish clergy have baptized 23.792 children.

Policy Proposed. The work should aid in every way the policy of assimilation, with services in English introduced as soon as possible. Children desire services in English.

All men ordained for work among the Scandinavians to preach and conduct services in English as well as in the Scandinavian languages.

Work of putting Scandinavian people in touch with our English-speaking parishes can easily be accomplished, as it has been, if we have a proper working force.

There should be four general Scandinavian missionaries or, as the Scandinavians would prefer to call them, provosts or deans. Salaries of clergy should be supplemented until these become self-supporting.

As with other races, so especially with this, special professorship for training workers is needed, and scholarships for students. A periodical in the Scandinavian languages and English, also is needed.

Three-quarters of a million of this fascinating race are our neighbors in the United States, from the Connecticut Valley and Bohemia, N. Y., to Moravia, Tex., and Seattle, Wash.; 100,000 are in Chicago, 50,000 in New York, a large number in Nebraska.

They are thrifty, law abiding, careful of their children, as a rule property owners; prosperous farmers, in the Northwest: when in tenement districts, considered, so say New York authori ties, as the cleanest of the city's poor.

The rise of their nation from the Great War, is known and admired by all. When asked confidentially what is their religion, they say, "The Jan Hus Church," an ancient sister Church

to ours.

Our opportunity is unique and must be grasped now; nor are they to be reached by ways anything like any other foreign race. In America, Czechs, hardened by centuries of ecclesiastical oppression, fought shy of any church, and have seemed content with their "Sokols," social community organizations of excellent methods, yet as their ancestors fought for religious freedom with the Chalice embroidered on their shoulders, so they instinctively hunger for the sacraments.