school advantages for their children. It is estimated that there are between 8,000 and 10,000 in the soft coal regions of West Virginia, lacking all Americanizing influences.

CANASTOTA, NEW YORK. About 15,000 Southern Italians are raising onions and celery on what was previously waste land and are making it pay very well.

AUSTIN, GULFPORT, NATCHEZ AND VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI. There are several groups of families from Bologna and vicinity that are successfully raising cotton.

DAPHNE AND LAMBERT, ALABAMA. There are small colonies in which every family possesses from ten to twenty-five acres of land, and raises sugar and cotton.

DICKINSON, TEXAS. This is a community of 500 Sicilians who are doing market gardening. Their prosperity is swelling the numbers in the colony.

HAMMONTON, NEW JERSEY. Has a population of nearly 4,000 Italians profitably engaged in raising berries, peaches and vege tables. One Italian made $15,000 from his peach crop the past year.

INDEPENDENCE, LOUISIANA. The Italian colony here has a good location on an island in the Mississippi river, sixty-five miles north of New Orleans. There are about 200 Sicilian families from the province of Palermo, who raise strawberries. Eighty own their farms of from twenty to eighty acres. They cleared the land themselves and it now yields them incomes of $75 to $100 per acre.

Of the success of the Italian immigration, some idea may be gained by the following letter from C. L. Bush, of Independence (Lord, Trenor, and Barrows, "The Italian in America," page 72): "Twenty years ago land could be bought in and around the town for $1 to $5 per acre that is now selling readily at $25 to $100 per acre. One tract here of 1,500 acres sold twenty-five years ago for $1.600. Two hundred acres of it was sold a few weeks ago for $10,400. One will ask what was the principal cause of the development. The answer must be the Italian immigration, which has come here and improved the conditions in respect to production. The majority of farmers have done away with negro labor. Why? Because the negroes generally are shiftless, whereas the Italian laborer is a success. The question of his desirability as a citizen is often asked. I can say that thus far, in our twelve or fifteen years' experience with them, they

have given no trouble to any one. They are prompt to pay their debts at the stores, meet their paper at the banks when due, and often before. I do not think there is a case on record in this parish where the state has had to prosecute them for a crime or misdemeanor, and that is saying a good deal, when we consider that there are 150 to 200 families living here and every berry season probably 500 more come to assist in harvesting the crop.' KNOBVIEW, MISSOURI. Contains fifty families who left Sunnyside, Arkansas, after malaria broke out there. Twenty of the Italian families have joined them. All have good homes, and have paid for their land, which is worth $50 an acre. The mea divide their time between working their fields and on the railroads. This colony was founded under the auspices of the Roman Catholic church.

MARSHFIELD, MISSOURI. Contains another agricultural Italian colony, composed of Tyrolese, men accustomed to mountain life, who find this region of the Ozark mountains particularly congenial to them. They raise cereals and live-stock.

SOUTHEASTERN TEXAS. There is a number of small colony groups of Italians working in the rice fields and lumber camps. Round about the cities of Galveston, Houston, Austin, San Antonio and others, are to be found settlements of Italians who devote themselves to market gardening.

SUNNYSIDE, ARKANSAS. This colony was founded by Austin Corbin and Prince Ruspoli, but great misfortunes due to climate and location, where strict sanitary precautions should be observed, have driven large numbers of Italians from the locality. There are still 100 families, tenants of the estate, who remain because of the large profits in growing cotton. One man, after working a number of years, returned to Italy with $8,000 in his pocket. Many others are not so fortunate, but spend a large part of their profits in trying to keep in good health. The company that runs the colony has charged the Italians exorbitant prices for ord. tools, and farm animals, even as high at the very beginning at $160 per acre, this sum payable after twenty years, if so desired.

TONTITOWN, ARKANSAS. Father Bandini took a group of Italian fugitives from Sunnyside twenty years ago to this region in the Ozark mountains which he had previously carefully examined. The land was a wilderness of scrub pines. The Italians cleared the land and are now, after two decades, successfully rais ing apples, peaches, grapes, and all kinds of vegetables. Each of the eighty families owns its own land and house. Each family possesses from 20 to 160 acres. The community life centers about

Father Bandini, the church and the parish school he has built there. In strong contrast with Sunnyside, there is here good air, good water, and a climate similar to that in Italy.

ST. ELENA, NORTH CAROLINA. This is another agricultural colony of fifteen Venetian families induced to come to this region by the North Carolina Trust and Development Company. Each family was sold ten acres at an average price of $30 an acre, a sum far above the land's value at that time.

VALDESE, NORTH CAROLINA. A colony of 400 Italians from the Waldensian valley in Italy, who went there to found a religious colony. Uncleared pine land was sold the pioneers by a land improvement company. The Italians made the best of the situation, cleared the land, and now raise corn, grapes, vegetables, and cow peas for fodder. About sixty families are there at present, most of them owning their land. Shortly after the establishment of the colony, a cotton mill was built which now employs 500 young men and women, a good many Americans among them, who prefer the factory to the farm. Consequently the farms are not so well tilled as formerly. The Waldensian Church, which was built by the Italians themselves (the only work done by an outsider was that of a certain section of the roof), is the center of the community life.

VINELAND, NEW JERSEY. This region has forty square miles of territory occupied by 7,000 Italians, each family holding from 10 to 160 acres. This colony is one of the oldest in the country, having been established by Calvaliere Secchi De Casale, an Italian patriot, in 1873. The sandy soil is adapted to grape culture, garden truck and fruit. The farmers find their markets. in New York and Philadelphia. The Italian houses are well built, furnished with carpets, American furniture and pianos. These homes are worth from $1,000 to $7,000.

There are also innumerable groups of ten to fifteen and even thirty families scattered through the South and West. Near San Francisco these groups are engaged in market gardening, and the women and children work in the fruit canneries. About Salt Lake City, Utah, are also to be found small groups of Italians engaged in market gardening. In Louisiana there are ten small towns near New Orleans containing from ten to one hundred families engaged in market gardening and cultivation of sugar cane and cotton, while in the regions of Tampa and Pensacola, Florida, there are numerous small Italian settlements devoted to peachgrowing or making of cigars.

L. DIRECTORY OF PROTESTANT ITALIAN MISSION STATIONS OR FIELDS IN UNITED STATES

I. Baptist

San Francisco* (Greene 16. Spring Valley.*

A regularly constituted church.

Missions in Maine are branches of American churches without Italian rkers.