provided at the child welfare stations in our cities. We can use the country boy and girls' desire to associate as a great force for revivifying American rural life. We can have the boys and girls bring their parents to school to see the motion pictures which we now use in teaching history, geography, and other studies. The boys and girls can be used to renew on American soil that association of child and parent in recreational activities so characteristic of many European nations.

We can introduce these foreign-born boys and girls to their own traditional games, such as Italian dancing, Japanese kite flying and Bohemian wrestling. There are the Boy Scouts and the Camp Fire Girls to be used for instruction in personal hygiene.

Demonstration Agent's Role in Movement

MISS GERTRUDE VAN HOESEN, Extension Work with Women, Department of Agriculture

District organizations in the cities and community organizations in the rural sections have made it possible for the home demonstration agents of the Department of Agriculture to reach the foreignborn woman. In many places each radical group is represented on the community or district committee by intelligent leaders of that group, who are able to articulate the needs of the non-English speaking mother and housekeeper. The foreign clergy, the social workers, the visiting nurses, and the public school officials all offer opportunities for making such contracts in behalf of demonstration agents.

In many states the leaflets of the Food Administration during the war were translated in various languages. While there has been some criticism of this move, in numerous cases the very sight of the conservation receipts printed in her native tongue has been the entering wedge for developing the woman's confidence in the home demonstration agent. One of the most important things accomplished by the demonstration worker has been the closer understanding given the old American of the habits and needs of the new American, thereby inspiring enthusiasm and friendliness instead of apathy and antagonism. Social community leadership is absolutely essential to the success of any organization seeking to back up the home demonstration agent and there is a wide field for the development of the home demonstration project leader. The highest function of the home demonstration agent is to solve problems that the women may not only learn how to feed their families, but feed them accordingly.

Congress of Mothers and Parent Teacher Bodies Part in Work Prepared by MRS. FREDERICK SCHOFF, President of the National Associations of These Bodies.

(Presented by MRS. JOSEPH P. MUNFORD, Vice-President). There are obstacles which must be overcome in order to secure the mothers. The first one is the lack of encouragement of their husbands in regard to attending meetings. There seems to be a prejudice among foreign people against women going out or joining in club work. An important means we have found has been the placing of leaflets in schools where the fathers are learning English, showing them the necessity of having their wives learn

also.

The women feel that in their own countries they have brought up children successfully and that they do not need to be told everything. By learning the good things that our foreign-born people know, and showing them that they have some things to teach us, their attitude is entirely changed. We consider this is a very important part of the success in Americanization work.

The Parent Teacher Association, because it takes in all children in our public schools, has been a splended medium for organizing foreign mothers.

The Americanization department of the Bureau of Education can do nothing better than to emphasize among the foreign men of this country the absolute necessity of keeping mothers up to the rest of the family in the knowledge of our language and our

customs.

What the State and Nation Can Do to Help the Community GEORGE H. BELL, Former Secretary, California Immigrant and Housing Commission

To our way of thinking, the efforts of the communities are largely wasted if they are not based on uniform standards which have been so correlated that each community is doing its share in developing a unified state and nation.

Organization is the first step that the state and nation must take to help the community. Each state must establish a central commission with the responsibility for developing and executing a state program of Americanization, properly co-ordinated with the national program. Secondly, the national government must establish a central agency charged with the full power of a broad national Americanization program carried on in co-operation

with the state. I am authorized to present this plan as the suggestion of the California Immigration and Housing Commission.

One has only to point to the lack of a clear, definite authorized Americanization program during the past two years as proof of the need for one. A state commission which is to co-operate with an official central Americanization headquarters should be democratic and made up of citizens who have had actual experience with immigrants and who would represent various viewpoints in connection with the problem. The state can afford to keep experts on the various lines, even if the communities cannot do so, and make them available for survey and consultation work to these committees. The state must assume the initiative, although it is not obligatory that it maintain a large staff to do all the direct field work. The more progressive communities should aid the backward ones.

What the Churches Can Do in Americanization

REV. WORTH TIPPY, Executive Secretary of the Commission on Church Social Service, Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America.

The churches have long been an important factor in Americanization. They have homes and agencies for meeting and caring for immigrants at every port in the United States, where immigrants are admitted. They have special schools and colleges for the various language groups, special seminaries for the training of ministers, and in every city where the foreign-born congregate the leading denominations spend large amounts of money and have many influential centers of activity. This work is wholly Americanization in the broadest sense of that term. In addition to the teaching of English, there is the care of the family, especially of the children, in the atmosphere of the spiritual ideals of America. All these missions and churches to the foreign-born are intensely patriotic. I can think of no better or more powerful agency for Americanization than the right kind of a church for immigrants. It should be known also that the great women's boards of home missions of the churches spend several millions of dollars in this work every year.

The Americanization problem of the church is not so much to do new work, or new kinds of work, as to do more powerfully what it has been doing for generations; and that it is preparing to do.

"Americanization" is a periodical published monthly by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education, Americaniza

tion Division, and sent on request to any one interested. It contains news of Americanization activities throughout the country, news of the activities of the various State Councils of Defense, proposed and new legislation bearing upon the subject of Americanization and citizenship training, and articles by leaders in the general and immigrant education field upon such pertinent subjects as "What America Means" by Franklin K. Lane (issue of February 1, 1919), "Americanization" by Franklin K. Lane (issue of February 1, 1919), etc.

CITIZENSHIP TRAINING THROUGH INDUSTRIES

In connection with Industrial Americanization, for several months the Americanization Division has been issuing short articles and verse to house organs for publication, and many editors of these publications have written to express their approval of the material, and have used it extensively. These releases are designed to promote a better understanding between the races living in America and to harmonize them with each other and their new environment. This is reported to be of value to employers and workers alike, especially in plants that include a large number of the foreign born in their ranks.

2. UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE

The Chamber of Commerce of the United States publishes, about twice a month, a bulletin giving news of Americanization work throughout the country, especially in the industries.

SUMMARY REPORT OF THE IMMIGRATION COMMITTEE OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE YEAR 1917

Our entrance into the World War about a year ago brought into sharp relief the important part played in the life of the nation by the foreign language groups resident in the United States. In this national crisis, when the united and intelligent and active participation of every able-bodied person is of such vital moment, we find a diversity of language, of citizenship, of loyalty and of concepts of freedom and democracy.

The many racial groups making up our population have been allowed to settle in groups and colonies, and no really serious national effort has been made to give them something of our national ideals, or to translate to them the true meaning of our tremendous experiment in national democracy and its fundamental belief in "the pursuit of life, liberty, and happiness."

An analysis of this situation shows how vital it has become in matters of national defense. We find, for instance:

That forty-three dialects are used in daily conversation among our foreign-born groups.

That nearly 50 per cent. of the more than 13,000,000 foreignborn persons are males of voting age, of whom only 4 percent of every 1,000 attend school to learn our language.

That one-third of our foreign-born population, or nearly 5,000,000, were born in Germany or in countries allied with Germany.

That our basic war industries depend to a considerable degree for their labor supply on foreign-born persons, most of whom do not speak or read our language, and to whom the acid tests of loyalty have heretofore not been applied.

That our foreign-born are organized in societies throughout the country, to promote their racial solidarity or the political autonomy of their native lands, and that their first interests are not always for America.

To meet these conditions, the Immigrant Committee has this year presented to chambers of commerce and industries, standards, plans and suggestions for the organization of War Americanization work which have resulted in widespread activity among employers and commercial and trade organizations. The result has been that some 150 chambers of commerce are now engaged in some form of Americanization work, compared with thirtyone chambers last year. A special pamphlet showing in detail what each chamber has undertaken or accomplished is now in preparation and will shortly be printed.

In the main, the Americanization work of chambers of com merce and industrial plants has related to:

The use of a common language for the entire nation.

The desire of all peoples in America to unite in common citizenship under one flag.

The combatting of anti-American propaganda and the stamping out of disloyalty.

The abolition of racial prejudices and discriminations and the interpretation of American ideals, traditions, standards and institutions.

The maintenance of an American standard of living and the proper housing, care, protection, and treatment of aliens.

The creation of an understanding of and love for America, and of the desire of immigrants to remain in America, to have a home here, and to support American institutions and laws.