Richards, James P. The House of Representatives in foreign affairs. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 289, September 1953: 66-72.

White, William S. The Senators move in on our foreign policy. Harper's magazine, v. 218, May 1959: 64-66.

In the field of foreign relations today's Senators "are not likely to behave in a hostile and obstructive way, as they did in Wilson's time, for the present leaders of the Foreign Relations Committee are big enough to work out a discreet but effective partnership with Eisenhower and the State Department."

Wiley, Alexander. The Committee on Foreign Relations. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 289, September 1953: 58-65.

Wright, Q. Congress and the treaty-making power. American Society of International Law proceedings, v. 1952: 43-58.

G. NONGOVERNMENTAL GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS

1. BOOKS

Almond, Gabriel A. The American people and foreign policy. [1st ed.] New York, Harcourt, Brace [1950]. 269 p.

A basic and indispensable analysis of public opinion and foreign policy in the United States.

Alsop, Joseph, and Stewart Alsop. The reporter's trade. New York, Reynal, 1958. 377 p.

These two newspaper columnists write about their reporting of national and international affairs between 1945 and 1958. Many of their columns are reprinted, and chapters 3 and 4 are devoted to relating their experiences in reporting about foreign affairs and national defense.

Baker, Roscoe. The American Legion and American foreign policy. New York, Bookman Associates, 1954. 329 p.

"Organization, procedure and program of the American Legion as a pressure group in reference to foreign policy."

Beloff, Max. Foreign policy and the democratic process. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1955. 134 p.

The Albert Shaw Lectures of 1954. The Lectures are: "The Problem of Democratic Foreign Policy," "The Presuppositions of Democratic Foreign Policy," "The Institutions of Democratic Foreign Policy," and "The New Dimensions of Foreign Policy."

Cater, Douglass. The fourth branch of Government. Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1959. 194 p.

The Washington correspondent of the Reporter writes about the role of the press in the formation of policy, the interaction between reporting and politics, and the way that the press influences public attitudes on important issues.

Cohen, Bernard C. The influence of non-governmental groups on foreign policy-making. [Boston] World Peace Foundation, 1959. 26 p. (Studies in citizen participation in international relations, v. II.)

Bibliography: p. 24-26. A survey of studies made in this field with an evaluation of the relatively few materials available.

Gaither, Rowan H., Jr. The Ford Foundation and foreign affairs. n.p., 1956. 12 p.

Address delivered at the 25-year service dinner of Dunwoody Industrial Institute, Minneapolis, May 3. Speaks specifically about the foundation's activities in 11 countries of South Asia and the Near East.

Graebner, Norman A. The new isolationism; a study in politics and foreign policy since 1950. New York, Ronald Press Co. [1956].

289 p.

A study of domestic politics, public opinion, and foreign policy, from 1950 to 1956.

Hero, Alfred O. Americans in world affairs. [Boston] World Peace Foundation [1959]. 165 p. (Studies in citizen participation in international relations, vol. 1.)

Examines the "international attitudes and reactions of the major demographic and social groups in America ***"

Hero, Alfred O. Opinion leaders in American communities. [Boston] World Peace Foundation [1959]. 66 p. (Studies in citizen par

ticipation in international relations, vol. 6.)

Contents: Introduction. Community leaders and world-affairs communication. Communication within small groups. The role of opinion leaders in small groups. Conclusions and further research.

Key, Valdimer O. Politics, parties, and pressure groups. 4th ed. New York, Crowell [1958]. 783 p.

Part I of this standard Political Science text deals with pressure groups. Masland, John W. Group interests in post-war American Pacific policy. Submitted by the American Council of the Institute of Pacific Relations as a document for the ninth conference of the IPR to be held in January, 1945. New York, N.Y., American Council, Institute of Pacific Relations [1945]. 1 v. (American Council Paper No. 6.)

"This paper presents the attitudes which have been expressed during * * * [1944] by various leading interest groups in the United States on postwar Pacific policy. The study *** is based largely upon the resolutions and other pronouncements of the groups which are included * * *. Although the investigation is limited to organized group attitudes it is believed that it provides a fairly representative cross-section of American public opinion on postwar problems relating to the Pacific area." Perkins, Dexter. The Perkins lectures. [Popular government and foreign policy] Pasadena, Calif., Fund for Adult Education, 1956. 65 p.

Lectures on the foreign policy of the United States in relation to its democratic institutions.

Savord, Ruth and Donald Wasson, comp. American agencies interested in international affairs, compiled by Ruth Savord and Donald Wasson. New York, Council on Foreign Relations, 1955. 289 p.

Seldes, George. The people don't know; the American press and the cold war. New York, Gaer Associates [1949]. 342 p.

Thesis is that "Truth" has been one of the first casualties of the cold war, and that the powerful means of mass communication are endangering international relations and perhaps the peace of the world.

47597-59-6

Westerfield, Bradford. Foreign policy and party politics: Pearl Harbor to Korea. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1955. 448 p.

See, particularly, Part Two, "The Organization of the Parties in Congress for Foreign Affairs."

Windmuller, John P. Foreign affairs and the AFL-CIO. Ithaca,
N.Y., State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, 1956.
P. 419-432. (Reprint series.
(Reprint series. No. 44.)

Discusses the formulation of foreign policy position in the AFL-CIO, its importance to unions, and future relations with the ICFTU and union movements abroad. Reprinted from Industrial and Labor Relations Peview, April 1956.

2. ARTICLES

Acheson, Dean G. Parties and foreign policy. Harper's, v. 211, November 1955: 29-34.

Blaisdell, Donald C. Pressure groups, foreign policies, and international politics. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 319, September 1958: 149-157.

Brogan, D. W. Politics and United States foreign policy. International affairs, v. 33, April 1957: 165–175.

Deals to some extent with national minority groups and their influence— particularly in the case of 1956 presidential elections.

Citizens give ideas in crisis; Gaither report; Rockefeller report. Life, v. 44, Jan. 13, 1958: 13-15.

Donovan, John C. The Political party and foreign policy-making: a note of speculation. World Affairs Quarterly, v. 28, April 1957: 62-75.

Examines the "basic assumption" that a "President presumably would * * * receive the support of a disciplined party majority in the Congress" in formulating and executing foreign policy.

Emeny, Brooks. Non-governmental organizations in international affairs. Social science, v. 30, October 1955: 239-243.

Generally critical of the hundreds of organizations engaged in whole or part in international relations because of their lack of organization and therefore ineffectiveness.

Gable, Richard W. Political interest groups as policy shapers. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 319, September 1958: 84-93.

Kohl, William B. The "Jaycock" story. U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, v. 82, January 1956: 71-82.

"Jaycock" refers to JCOC, abbreviation for Joint Civilian Orientation Conference. This conference consists of representatives of the Nation's top business and civic leaders brought together once a year to observe various aspects of our national defense program.

Kraft, Joseph. School for statesmen. Harper's magazine, v. 217, July 1958: 64-68.

"Most Americans have never heard of 'the best club in New York' *** which quietly incubates a surprising share of both the men and the ideas which make policy for the United States." The Council on Foreign Relations.

McClellan, David S., and Charles E. Woodhouse. Businessmen in foreign policy. Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, v. 39, March 1959: 283-290.

"The influence of government has assumed such an importance * * * that the business community cannot afford to be absent from its councils. But can the country afford to let business run the whole show? *** the displacement of professional civil-service and foreign-service officers by businessmen and financiers brings a perspective to diplomacy *** which merits the closest scrutiny."

McDonald, John. The war of wits. Fortune, v. 43, March 1951: 99-102.

A description of the Rand Corp.

Murphy, Robert D. Labor's concern with foreign affairs. Department of State Bulletin, v. 32, Jan. 17, 1955: 84-86.

Riesman, David. Private people and public policy. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, v. 15, May 1959: 203-208.

On the role of public opinion: “The paper was intended as an illustrated summary for non-social scientists of some of the things social scientists believe they have discovered concerning public opinion."

Welles, Sumner. Pressure groups and foreign policy. Atlantic, v. 180, November 1947: 63-67.

Wilson, Howard E. The role of the university in international relations. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 301, September 1955: 86-92.

Windmuller, J. P. Foreign affairs and the AFL-CIO. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, v. 9, April 1956: 419-432.

H. SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY

1. FOREIGN AID

A. BOOKS

Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. Administration of United Stated aid for a European recovery program. Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate. Submitted at the request of the chairman of the committee, Jan. 22, 1948. Washington, U.S Government Printing Office, 1948. 20 p.

Brief analysis of major proposals put forward for administrative reform of the European recovery program. Brown, William Adams, Jr., and Redvers Opie. American foreign assistance. Washington, Brookings Institution [1953]. 615 p.

Examines in detail America's different forms of foreign assistance, including the administration of these programs, from 1939 to 1953. Parks, Wallace J. United States administration of its international economic affairs. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press [1951]. 315 p.

After analyzing a number of key problems, the author makes specific suggestions for the handling of some issues and the reallocation of a number of functions according to principles which he believes would make the Government operate more quickly and efficiently. He believes that the ramifications of most international economic problems are so great that a number of agencies will continue to be actively interested in each of them.

Price, Harry B. The Marshall plan and its meaning. Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press [1955]. 424 p.

A history of the European recovery program and an evaluation of its economic and military consequences.

Ransom, Harry Howe, ed. Foreign military assistance and national policy: some background materials. Harvard Defense Policy

Serial No. 114, April 1957.

Includes a brief history of the program, the development of procedures and policies, official statements, recommendations of the special Senate Committee To Study the Foreign Aid Program, and a bibliography. Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Inc. Special Studies Project. Foreign economic policy for the twentieth century. New York, 1958. 112 1. (America at Mid-Century series; panel report No. III of the Special Studies Project.)

Partial contents: The nature of the problem. A twentieth-century economic structure for the free world. Special problems of the economic development of less developed countries. The Western Hemisphere-a test case. The significance of economic growth for attaining world-wide objectives.

B. ARTICLES

Connery, Robert H., and Paul T. David. The Mutual defense assistance program. American political science review, v. 45, June 1951: 321-347.

"Concise description of the *** progcam *** with details of organization and operation. Discusses development of the program, operational responsibilities apportioned among government agencies, and procedures for integrating policy and operations with NATO."

Foreign aid and foreign policy. Current history, v. 33, September 1957: 129-192.

Contents: Background of our aid program; administration of foreign aid; impact of foreign aid; Russian-American rivalry in foreign aid; foreign aid ́and American strategy; economic issues of foreign aid.

Haviland, H. Field, Jr. Foreign aid and the policy process: 1957. American Political Science Review, v. 52, September 1958: 689-724.

“*** focuses primarily on the roles of the official executive and legislative participants, as well as of influential non-governmental interests during the course of [the foreign aid debate of 1957 and] sheds some light on both the foreign policy process in general and on some of the major substantive and administrative issues at stake in this particular case.”

Jordan, Amos A., Jr. Military assistance and national policy. Orbis, Summer 1958: 241-244.

Lincoln, George A. Factors determining arms aid. Academy of Political Science Proceedings, v. 25, May 1953: 263–272.

Somers, Herman M. Civil-military relations in mutual security. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 288, July 1953: 27-35.