Alternate delegates:

Howard B. Calderwood, Ph. D., Office of Economic and Social Affairs,
Department of State.

Lowell T. Coggeshall, M.D., dean, Division of Biological Sciences, University
of Chicago.

H. van Zile Hyde, M.D., Chief, Division of International Health, Bureau
of State Services, U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare.

George F. Lull, M.D., formerly assistant to the president, American Medical
Association, Chicago, Ill.

Aims C. McGuinness, M.D., Special Assistant to the Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare for Health and Medical Affairs.

Arthur S. Osborne, M.D., international health representative, Division of
International Health, Bureau of State Services, U.S. Public Health Service,
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Congressional advisers:

The Honorable Hubert H. Humphrey, U.S. Senate.

The Honorable Edward J. Thye (formerly) U.S. Senate.

The Honorable Walter H. Judd, House of Representatives.

The Honorable Eugene J. McCarthy, House of Representatives (now U.S.
Senator).

The Honorable Joseph P. O'Hara, House of Representatives.
The Honorable Roy W. Wier, House of Representatives.

Advisers:

Donald M. Alderson, colonel, USAF (MC), Office of the Assistant Secretary
of Defense (Health and Medical).

Ray Amberg, hospital administrator, University of Minnesota Hospitals,
Minneapolis, Minn.

Gaylord Anderson, M.D., director, School of Public Health, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.

Guillermo Arbona, M.D., secretary of health, Puerto Rico Department of
Health, San Juan, P.R.

R. N. Barr, M.D., secretary and executive officer, Minnesota Department of
Health, Minneapolis, Minn.

Ann Burns, chief, Division of Nursing, Ohio Department of Health, Colum-
bus, Ohio.

Eugene P. Campbell, M.D., Chief, Public Health Division, International
Cooperation Administration.

H. Trendley Dean, D.D.S, secretary, Council on Dental Research, American
Dental Association, Chicago, Ill.

Harold S. Diehl, M.D., vice president, American Cancer Society, New York,
N.Y.

Charles L. Dunham, M.D., Director, Division of Biology and Radiation,
Atomic Energy Commission.

Herman E. Hilleboe, M.D., commissioner of health, State health department,
Albany, N. Y.

Charles A. Janeway, M.D., Thomas Morgan Rotch professor of pediatrics,
Harvard School of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Mass.
Richard K. C. Lee, M.D., president, Board of Health, Honolulu, T.H.
Philip E. Nelbach, executive secretary, National Citizens Committee for the
WHO, Inc., New York, N.Y.

Mrs. Owen B. Rhoads, Paoli, Pa.

Robert O. Waring, Office of International Administration, Department of
State.

Abel Wolman, M.D., professor of sanitary engineering, Johns Hopkins School
of Public Health and Hygiene, Baltimore, Md.

Laurence R. Wyatt, Office of International, Economic, and Social Affairs,
Department of State.

Secretary of delegation: Harry V. Ryder, Jr., Office of International Conferences,
Department of State.

Press officer: Francis W. Tully, Jr., News Division, Department of State. Assistant press officer: J. Stewart Hunter, Assistant to the Surgeon General for Information, U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Administrative officer: Jacob Snyder, Office of Personnel, Department of State. Documents officer: Ellen M. Duggan, Office of International Conferences, Department of State.

Members of the staff:

Mary Jane Abboud, Office of International Conferences, Department of State.

Maureen S. Hannum, career development and counseling staff, Department of State.

Evelyn C. Harris, U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Medora M. Holm, correspondence review staff, Department of State.

Dorothy Mead, Office of International Economic and Social Affairs, Department of State.

Yvonne T. Meuers, Office of Inter-American Regional Economic Affairs, Department of State.

Evelyn R. Pope, Office of Near Eastern and South Asian Regional Affairs,
Department of State.

Mary E. Stratos, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy Planning,
Department of State.
Nora M. Walker, Foreign Service Institute, Department of State.

Delegates:

U.S. delegation to the 12th World Health Assembly

(Geneva, Switzerland, May 12, 1959)

Leroy E. Burney, M.D. (chairman); Surgeon General, Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Horace E. Henderson, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Department of State.

Leonard Larson, M.D., chairman, board of trustees, American Medical Association.

Alternate delegates:

Lowell T. Coggeshall, M.D., dean, division of biological sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.

David H. Popper, Deputy U.S. Representative at the European Office of the United Nations and Other International Organizations, American Consulate General, Geneva.

Ames C. McGuinness, M.D., Special Assistant for Health and Medical Affairs, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Congressional advisers:

Hon. John E. Fogarty, House of Representatives.

Hon. Melvin R. Laird, House of Representatives. Advisers:

Guillermo Arbona, M.D., secretary of health, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, P.R.

H. M. Bosch, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota.

George W. Dana, M.D., medical director, North Shore Hospital, Manhasset, Long Island, N.Y.

Horace DeLien, M.D., Chief, Division of International Health, Bureau of State Services, U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

D. G. Gill, M.D., president, Association of State and Territorial Health
Officers, State health officer, Alabama State Department of Health.
Alfred Puhan, Office of International Administration, Department of State.
James A. Shannon, M.D., Director, National Institutes of Health, U.S.
Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Howard Sessions, captain, USN Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Depart-
ment of the Navy.

Charles Williams, M.D., Deputy Chief, Public Health, International Cooperation Administration.

Laurence Wyatt, Office of International Economic and Social Affairs, Department of State.

Robert Yoho, M.D., director, health education, records, and statistics, Indiana State Board of Health.

Richard C. K. Lee, M.D., president, Board of Health, Territory of Hawaii.

Members of the staff:

John C. Griffith, American Embassy, Bern.

Marvin Butterman, Geneva, Switzerland.
Agnes Duer Escavaille, Geneva, Switzerland.

Arleen Giglio, Geneva, Switzerland.

Ethel Sempser, U.S. Public Health Service, Paris, France.

B. LABORATORIES COOPERATING WITH WHO

In addition to the voluntary services of individuals, laboratories as entities cooperate with WHO.

This network of cooperating laboratories is beyond any doubt the most extensive linkage of medical and biological research facilities in the history of the world.

One of the most recent tabulations (table 5-B) showed that more than 900 laboratories work cooperatively with WHO. These laboratories are, of course, concentrated in countries whose scientific structures are substantially developed. However, virtually every country in the world with any medical or biological research resources contains at least one laboratory which collaborates on WHO programs. For example, the Institut d'Hygiene Marcel Wanson in Leopoldville, Belgian Congo, has played an active role in the WHO vector control and insect resistance program.

The nature and purposes of laboratory cooperation with WHO are as broad as the WHO disease control, training, and research programs. Without attempting to be comprehensive, the kinds of functions performed by the cooperating laboratories are set forth below:

TABLE 5-B.-Institutions and laboratories closely related with the work of WHO
Institutions and laboratories undertaking some research at the request of
WHO, without receiving grants, in each of the following fields:
Veterinary public health

Zoonoses

Rabies...

Brucellosis..

Malaria....

Endemo-epidemic diseases_

Biological substances__.

Trachoma..

Leprosy

Onchocerciasis.

122

3

6

14

34

40

81

13

11

53

17

61

28

14

15

4

41

52

21

119

3

1

3

55

811

TABLE 5-B.-Institutions and laboratories closely related with the work of WHO— Continued

Institutions and laboratories which have been designated by WHO to undertake international responsibilities in health fields such as reference laboratories and WHO centers:

International centers for biological standards...

International reference laboratories, sera and cultures.
WHO influenza centers_._

WHO regional poliomyelitis centers...

Venereal disease reference laboratories and centers.
WHO/FAO leptospirosis reference laboratories.
FAO/WHO brucellosis centers___

Total...

Grand total_____

Functions include

2

56

8

4

6

15

95

906

(1) Collection of biological material; isolation and identification of viruses and other organisms as part of worldwide networks. (2) Conduct of research as part of a coordinated international research program.

(3) Serving as sites for field study headquarters.

(4) Providing facilities for training of professional and auxiliary personnel from other countries in specific laboratory methods or research procedures.

(5) Provision of facilities for conduct of coordinated international field trials of vaccines or other material for preventing or treating disease.

(6) Acting as centers for statistical analysis of observations gathered over wide geographical areas.

(7) Preparing standardized sera and cultures for worldwide use. (8) Conduct of research directly related to WHO disease control programs.

(9) Serving as centers for preparation and distribution of standardized biological reference material.

Collaborating laboratories in United States

While the number of laboratories in the United States which collaborate with WHO fluctuates as programs change, a recent count showed that about 175 to 200 scientific organizations academic, industrial, and governmental-participate in one way or another in WHO activities. The collaborating laboratories range from coast to coast and from Alaska to Texas. Thus, the medical schools of Yale University and the University of California have been particularly active in relation to WHO programs; both the Arctic Health Research Laboratory of the Public Health Service in Anchorage, Alaska, and the Laboratory of Medical Entomology of the University of Texas work with the World Health Organization.

The collaborating laboratories perform for WHO all of the functions noted above, and in addition they are an important source of expert advice to WHO. Indeed it is safe to say that most, if not all, of the outstanding U.S. experts in fields of medicine, public health, and research that have been of particular interest to WHO have aided the programs of the organization in one way or another.

Collaborating organizations include academic, governmental, and industrial laboratories. Illustrative examples of each are as follows: 1. Federal laboratories

(a) Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: U.S. Public Health Service:

Arctic Health Research Center, Anchorage, Alaska: Zoo-
notic Disease Section.

Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.: Virus and
Rickettsia Section (Dr. M. Schaeffer).

Rocky Mountain Laboratory (Dr. C. A. Larson).
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:
Laboratory of Infectious Diseases (Dr. K. Habel).
Laboratory of Tropical Diseases (Columbia, S.C.)
(Dr. M. D. Young).

(b) Food and Drug Administration: Antibiotics Laboratory (Dr.
H. Welch).
(c) Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services:
Beltsville, Md.:

Animal Disease Section.

Entomology Research Branch.

Orlando, Fla.: Entomology Research Branch.

(d) Department of the Army:

Chemical Corps Medical Research Directorate: Ento-
mology Branch.

Quartermaster Research and Development Laboratories:
Natick, Mass.: Vector control and Resistance (Dr.
J. J. Pratt).

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (Dr. M. R.
Hilleman).

(e) Department of the Navy: Preventive Medicine Division (Cmdr. K. L. Knight).

2. Academic laboratories (including hospital laboratories)

(a) Children's Hospital, Cincinnati: Research Foundation (Dr. A. B. Labin).

(b) Children's Hospital, Boston (Dr. J. F. Enders).

(c) Cornell University, New York: Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Dr. W. McDermott).

(d) Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.: School of Public Health, Department of Microbiology (Dr. T. B. Turner). (e) Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio: Department of Zoology and Ecology (Dr. F. W. Fisk).

(f) Missouri Trachoma Hospital, Rolla, Mo.: Research Division (Dr. A. A. Siniscal).

(g) Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.: Biophysical Laboratory (Dr. L. J. Mullins).

(h) University of Minnesota, School of Medicine:

Department of Bacteriology (Dr. J. T. Syverton).
School of Public Health (Dr. G. Anderson).

(i) University of Pittsburgh:

School of Medicine (Dr. J. E. Salk).

Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Microbiology (Dr. W. McD. Hammond). ) University of Texas: Department of Preventive Medicine (Dr. D. W. Micks).