diseases and conditions, and certify to the Surgeon General its approval of grants-in-aid in the cases of such projects which show promise of making valuable contributions to human knowledge with respect to the cause, prevention, or methods of diagnosis or treatment of dental diseases and conditions;

Recommendations for acceptance of conditional gifts

(d) Recommend to the Surgeon General for acceptance conditional gifts pursuant to section 219 of this title for carrying out the purposes of sections 288-288c of this title;

Recommendations for administration of laws

(e) Make recommendations to the Surgeon General with respect to carrying out the provisions of sections 288-288c of this title; and

Review applications for traineeship grants

(f) Review applications from any public or other nonprofit institution for grants-in-aid for training, instruction, and traineeships in matters relating to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental diseases and conditions, and certify to the Surgeon General its approval of such applications for grants-in-aid as it determines will best carry out the purposes of this chapter. [June 24, 1948, c. 621, § 3(b), 62 Stat. 598; U.S.C. 42: 288c.]

D. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS AND METABOLIC DISEASES; NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES AND BLINDNESS; AND OTHER INSTITUTES

Congressional declaration of purpose

The purpose of sections 210(c), (g), 218, 286, and 289-289c of this title is to improve the health of the people of the United States through the conduct of researches, investigations, experiments, and demonstrations relating to the cause, prevention, and methods of diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and rheumatism, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, poliomyelitis, blindness, leprosy, and other diseases; assist and foster such researches and other activities by public and private agencies, and promote the coordination of all such researches and activities and the useful application of their results; provide training in matters relating to such diseases; and develop, and assist States and other agencies in the use of, the most effective methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of such diseases. [Aug. 15, 1950, c. 714, § 1, 64 Stat. 443; U.S.C. 42: 289.]

Establishment and functions of Institutes

(a) The Surgeon General shall establish in the Public Health Service an Institute for research on arthritis, rheumatism, and metabolic diseases, and an institute for research on neurological diseases (including epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis) and blindness, and he shall also establish a national advisory council for each such institute to advise, consult with, and make recommendations to him with respect to the activities of the institute with which each council is concerned.

(b) The Surgeon General is authorized with the approval of the Administrator to establish in the Public Health Service one or more

additional institutes to conduct and support scientific research and professional training relating to the cause, prevention, and methods of diagnosis and treatment of other particular diseases or groups of diseases (including poliomyelitis and leprosy) whenever the Surgeon General determines that such action is necessary to effectuate fully the purposes of section 241 of this title with respect to such disease or diseases. Any institute established pursuant to the subsection may in like manner be abolished and its functions transferred elsewhere in the Public Health Service upon a finding by the Surgeon General that a separate institute is no longer required for such purposes. In lieu of the establishment pursuant to this subsection of an additional institute with respect to any disease or diseases, the Surgeon General may expand the functions of any institute established under subsection (a) of this section or under any other provision of this chapter so as to include functions with respect to such disease or diseases and to terminate such expansion and transfer the functions given such institute elsewhere in the Service upon a finding by the Surgeon General that such expansion is no longer necessary. In the case of any such expansion of an existing institute, the Surgeon General may change the title thereof so as to reflect its new functions. [July 1, 1944, c. 373, title IV, § 431, as added Aug. 15, 1950, c. 714, § 2(b), 64 Stat. 444; U.S.C. 42: 289a.]

Establishment of national advisory councils

(a) The Surgeon General is also authorized with the approval of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to establish additional national advisory councils to advise, consult with, and make recommendations to the Surgeon General on matters relating to the activities of any institute established under subsection (b) of section 289a of this title, or relating to the conduct and support of research and training in such disease or group of diseases (except a disease or group of diseases for which an institute is established under any provision of sections 289-289c of this title other than section 289a (b) of this title) as he may designate. Any such council, and each of the two councils established under section 289a (a) of this title, shall consist of the Surgeon General, who shall be chairman, the chief medical officer of the Veterans' Administration or his representative and a medical officer designated by the Secretary of Defense, who shall be ex officio members, and of twelve members appointed without regard to the civil-service laws by the Surgeon General with the approval of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. The twelve appointed members shall be leaders in the field of fundamental sciences, medical sciences, education, or public affairs, and six of such twelve shall be selected from leading medical or scientific authorities who are outstanding in the study, diagnosis, or treatment of the disease or diseases to which the activities of the institute are directed. Each appointed member of the council shall hold office for a term of four years except that any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term and except that, of the members first appointed, three shall hold office for a term of three years, three shall hold office for a term of two years, and three shall hold office for a term of one year, as designated by the Surgeon General at the time of appointment. None of such twelve members

shall be eligible for reappointment until a year has elapsed since the end of his preceding term.

(b) In lieu of appointment of an additional advisory council upon the establishment pursuant to subsection (b) of section 289a of this title of an additional institute or upon expansion pursuant to such subsection of the functions of an institute, the Surgeon General may expand the functions of an advisory council established under section 289a (a) of this title or any other provision of this chapter so as to include functions with respect to the particular disease or diseases to which the activities of the additional institute or the expanded activities of the existing institute are directed. In the case of any such expansion of an existing council, the membership thereof representing persons outstanding in activities with which the council is concerned may be changed or increased so as to include some persons outstanding in the new activities. Any new council established under subsection (a) of this section or any expansion of an existing council under this subsection, may be terminated by the Surgeon General at, before, or after the termination of the new institute or expansion of the existing institute which occasioned such new council or expansion of an existing council. In the case of any such expansion of an existing council, the Surgeon General may change the title thereof so as to reflect its new functions. [Aug. 15, 1950, c. 714, § 2(b) 64 Stat. 444; amended by 1953 Reorganization Plan No. 1, §§ 5, 8, effective Apr. 11, 1953, 18, F.R. 2053, 67 Stat. 631; U.S.C. 42: 289b.]

Functions

(a) Where an institute has been established under sections 289289c of this title, the Surgeon General shall carry out the purposes of section 241 of this title with respect to the conduct and support of research relating to the disease or diseases to which the activities of the institute are directed (including grants-in-aid for drawing plans, erection of buildings, and acquisitions of land therefor), through such institute and in cooperation with the national advisory council established or expanded by reason of the establishment of such institute. In addition, the Surgeon General is authorized to provide training and instruction and establish and maintain traineeships and fellowships, in such institute and elsewhere, in matters relating to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of such disease or diseases with such stipends and allowances (including travel and subsistence expenses) for trainees and fellows as he may deem necessary, and, in addition, provide for such training, instruction, and traineeships and for such fellowships, through grants to public and other nonprofit institutions. The provisions of this subsection shall also be applicable to any institute established by any other provision of this chapter to the extent that such institute does not already have the authority conferred by this subsection.

(b) Upon the appointment of a national advisory council for an institute established under sections 289-289c of this title or the expansion of an existing institute pursuant to said sections, such council shall assume the duties, functions, and powers of the National Advisory Health Council with respect to grants-in-aid for research and training projects relating to the disease or diseases to which the activities of the institute are directed. [Aug. 15, 1950, c. 714, § 2(b), 64 Stat. 444; U.S.C. 42: 289c.]

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E. NATIONAL INSTITUTES MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

National Institutes of Health Management Fund

For the purpose of facilitating the economical and efficient conduct of operations in the National Institutes of Health which are financed by two or more appropriations where the costs of operation are not readily susceptible of distribution as charges to such appropriations, there is established the National Institutes of Health Management Fund. Such amounts as the Director of the National Institutes of Health may determine to represent a reasonable distribution of estimated costs among the various appropriations involved may be advanced each year to this fund and shall be available for expenditure for such costs under such regulations as may be prescribed by said Director, including the operation of facilities for the sale of meals to employees and others at rates to be determined by said Director to be sufficient to cover the cost of such operation and the proceeds thereof shall be deposited to the credit of this fund: Provided, That funds advanced to this fund shall be available only in the fiscal year in which they are advanced: Provided further, That final adjustments of advances in accordance with actual costs shall be effected wherever practicable with the appropriations from which such funds are advanced. [June 29, 1957, 71 Stat. 220; U.S.C. Supp. 42: 290.] 5. Other specific areas of medical research

Venereal diseases

(a) To enable the Surgeon General to carry out the purposes of section 241 of this title with respect to developing more effective measures for the prevention, treatment and control of venereal diseases, and to assist, through grants and as otherwise provided in this section, States, counties, health districts, and other political subdivisions of the States in establishing and maintaining adequate measures for the prevention, treatment, and control of such diseases, including the training of personnel for State and local health work, and to enable him to prevent and control the spread of the venereal diseases in interstate traffic, and to meet the cost of pay, allowances, and travelling expenses of commissioned officers and other personnel of the Service detailed to assist in carrying out the purposes of this section with respect to the venereal diseases, and to administer this section with respect to such diseases, there is authorized to be appropriated for each fiscal year a sum sufficient to carry out the purposes of this

subsection.

Tuberculosis

(b) To enable the Surgeon General to carry out the purposes of section 241 of this title with respect to developing more effective measures for the prevention, treatment, and control of tuberculosis, and to assist, through grants and as otherwise provided in this section, States, counties, health districts, and other political subdivisions of the States in establishing and maintaining adequate measures for the prevention, treatment, and control of such disease, including the provision of appropriate facilities for care and treatment and including the training of personnel for State and local health work, and to en

able him to prevent and control the spread of tuberculosis in interstate traffic, and to meet the cost of pay, allowances, and traveling expenses of commissioned officers and other personnel of the Service detailed to assist in carrying out the purposes of this section with respect to tuberculosis, and to administer this section with respect to such disease, there is authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1945, the sum of $10,000,000 and for each fiscal year thereafter a sum sufficient to carry out the purposes of this subsection. [July 1, 1944, c. 373, title III, § 314, 58 Stat. 693; July 3, 1946, c. 538, $ 9, 60 Stat. 424; June 16, 1948, c. 481, § 5, 62 Stat. 468; U.S.C. 42:246 (a), (b).]

Mental health

Grants for training, demonstrations, and studies

(a) In carrying out the purposes of section 241 of this title with respect to mental health, the Surgeon General is authorized

(1) to provide training and instruction and to establish and maintain traineeships, in accordance with the provisions of section 289c (a) of this title;

(2) to make grants to State or local agencies, laboratories, and other public or nonprofit agencies and institutions, and to individuals for investigations, experiments, demonstrations, studies, and research projects with respect to the development of improved methods of diagnosing mental illness, and of care, treatment, and rehabilitation of the mentally ill, including grants to State agencies responsible for administration of State institutions for care, or care and treatment, of mentally ill persons for developing and establishing improved methods of operation and administration of such institutions.

(b) Grants under paragraph (2) of subsection (a) of this section may be made only upon recommendation of the National Advisory Mental Health Council. Such grants may be paid in advance or by way of reimbursement, as may be determined by the Surgeon General; and shall be made on such conditions as the Surgeon General finds necessary. [July 3, 1946, c. 538, § 7(c), 60 Stat. 423, amended Aug. 2, 1956; c. 871, title V, § 501, 70 Stat. 929; U.S.C. Supp. 42: 242a.]

Grants for special projects

(a) (1) The Surgeon General is authorized, upon the recommendation of the National Advisory Mental Health Council, to make grants for the carrying out of a program of research into and study of our resources, methods, and practices for diagnosing, treating, caring for, and rehabilitating the mentally ill, such program to be on a scale commensurate with the problem.

(2) Such grants may be made to one or more organizations, but only on condition that the organization will undertake and conduct, or if more than one organization is to receive such grants, only on condition that such organizations have agreed among themselves to undertake and conduct, a coordinated program of research into and study of all aspects of the resources, methods, and practices referred to in paragraph (1).

(3) As used in paragraph (2), the term "organization" means a nongovernmental agency, organization, or commission, composed of