International Law: War and Neutrality

Front Cover
Longmans, Green and Company, 1921
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Contents

Objects of Reprisals
48
Value of Pacific Blockade
53
Economic Boycott
61
War a Contention
67
The most important Developments of the Laws of
68
Binding Force of the Laws of War III The Laws of
69
Region of War in contradistinction to Theatre of
70
Particular Region of every
71
Exclusion from Region of War through Neutralisation
72
War a Contention between States
73
Irregular Forces 81 Levies en masse V The Belligerents 74 Qualification to become a Belligerent facultas bellandi
74
Possibility in contradistinction to Qualification to become
75
Insurgents as a Belligerent Power
76
76a The Case of the CzechoSlovaks 77 Principal and Accessory Belligerent Parties
77
Rules of Warfare independent of Causes of
79
The Armed Forces of the Belligerents
103
NonCombatant Members of Armed Forces
105
Barbarous Forces
108
Privateers
109
Converted Merchantmen
112
The Crews of Merchantmen
113
Deserters and Traitors
115
Enemy Character
116
On Enemy Character in general 88 Enemy Character of Individuals 88a Enemy Character of Corporations 89 Enemy Character of Vessels
117
Development of International Law regarding Captivity
125
Enemy Character of Goods
128
Transfer of Enemy Vessels
130
CHAPTER II
136
Ultimatum
138
Initiative hostile Acts of
143
Rupture of Diplomatic Intercourse and Consular Activity
144
Cancellation of Treaties
145
Precarious Position of Belligerents Subjects on Enemy Territory
147
100a Persona standi in judicio on Enemy Territory
150
86
151
Intercourse especially Trading between Subjects of Belli gerents
152
90
154
Position of Belligerents Property in the Enemy State
157
Twofold Character of Espionage and War Treason
159
102a Effect of the Outbreak of War on Merchantmen
160
Ends of
166
Objects of the Means of Warfare
167
Violence against Enemy Persons 107 On Violence in general against Enemy Persons
168
Killing and Wounding of Combatants
169
Refusal of Quarter
170
Explosive Bullets
171
Expanding DumDum Bullets
172
Violence against nonCombatant Members of Armed Forces
173
Violence against Private Enemy Persons
175
93
176
Origin of Geneva Convention
177
The Wounded and the Sick
179
Medical Units and Establishments and Material
180
Personnel
181
Convoys of Evacuation
183
Treatment of the Dead
184
SECT PAGE
187
Release on Parole
192
96
197
Utilisation of Public Buildings
199
98
202
143a Moveable Private Property in the World
205
100
212
101
216
102
230
Occupation when ended
236
103
242
Position of Government Officials and Municipal Functionaries
243
Development of International Law regarding Private Property
249
Attack and Seizure of Enemy Vessels
255
Duty of giving Quarter
261
Immunity of Merchantmen at the Outbreak of War on their
266
Conduct of Prize to Port of Prize Court
272
104
274
Loss of Prize especially Recapture
278
197
279
105
283
124a Prevention of Abuses 185
284
206
285
210
291
Interference with Submarine Telegraph Cables
297
CHAPTER V
303
Licences to Trade
305
Passports Safeconducts Safeguards 218 Passports and Safeconducts 219 Safeguards
306
Flags of Truce 220 Meaning of Flags of Truce
308
Treatment of Unadmitted Flagbearers 222 Treatment of Admitted Flagbearers 223 Abuse of Flag of Truce IV Cartels
312
Definition and Purpose of Cartels 225 Cartel Ships
313
Contents of Capitulations
315
Form of Capitulations and of Simple Surrender 229 Competence to conclude Capitulations 230 Violation of Capitulations and of Simple Surrender V...
317
Contents of Duty of Belligerents to treat Neutrals in accordance
318
Armistices 231 Character and Kinds of Armistices 232 Suspensions of Arms 233 General Armistices 234 Partial Armistices
320
Competence to conclude Armistices
324
SECT PAGE
325
How Legitimate Warfare is to a certain extent secured
331
PAGE 299
335
Reprisals admissible for every Illegitimate Act of Warfare
337
Neutrality during the Middle Ages
384
Neutrality during the Seventeenth Century
385
Progress of Neutrality during the Eighteenth Century
386
First Armed Neutrality
390
The French Revolution and the Second Armed Neutrality
391
Neutrality during the Nineteenth Century
393
Neutrality in the Twentieth Century
395
SECT PAGE 398 Carriage of Contraband Penal by the Municipal Law of Belli
398
Characteristics of Neutrality 293 Conception of Neutrality
400
Neutrality an Attitude of Impartiality
401
Neutrality an Attitude creating Rights and Duties
402
Neutrality an Attitude of States
403
No Cessation of Intercourse during Neutrality between Neutrals and Belligerents
404
Neutrality an Attitude during War Neutrality in Civil War
405
Neutrality to be recognised by the Belligerents
406
300
408
303
409
305
410
Perfect and Qualified Neutrality
411
306
412
307
413
310
414
311
415
British Foreign Enlistment Act
416
312
417
314
419
315
420
316
422
317
423
319
424
328a The Case of The Appam
428
320
429
321
432
323
434
324
436
Neutrals and Military Preparations
442
The Alabama Case and the Three Rules of Washington
453
Fugitive Soldiers and Deserters on Neutral Territory
459
Exterritoriality of MenofWar during Asylum
467
SECT PAGE 348 Neutral MenofWar as an Asylum
471
348a Neutral Territory and Shipwrecked Soldiers and Sailors
473
Neutral Territory and Shipwrecked War Material
477
Supplies and Loans to Belligerents 349 Supply on the part of Neutrals
480
Supply on the part of Subjects of Neutrals
481
Loans and Subsidies on the part of Neutrals
484
Loans and Subsidies on the part of Subjects of Neutrals
485
Services to Belligerents 353 Pilotage
487
Transport on the part of Neutrals
488
Transport on the part of Neutral Merchantmen and by Private Neutral Rolling Stock
489
Violation of Neutrality
492
Violation of Neutrality in the Narrower and in the Wider Sense of the Term
494
Consequences of Violations of Neutrality
495
Cases of The General Armstrong and The Dresden
497
Mode of exacting Reparation from Belligerents for Violations of Neutrality
499
Negligence on the part of Neutrals
502
Right of Angary 364 The Original Right of Angary
503
Destruction of Enemy Property
506
Right of Angary concerning Neutral Rolling Stock
509
113
511
Blockade Strategic and Commercial
513
Blockade to be Universal
514
What Places can be Blockaded
515
73
518
Length of Time for Egress of Neutral Vessels
521
Cessation of Effectiveness
527
When Ingress is not considered Breach of Blockade
534
The Isolation of the Central Empires during the World rld War
542
Absolute and Conditional Contraband and Free Articles
548
Hostile Destination essential to Contraband
557
gerents
563
Direct Carriage of Contraband
566
Indirect Carriage of Contraband Doctrine of Continuous Transports
568
Continental Support to the Doctrine of Continuous Transports
571
403a The Declaration of London concerning the Doctrine of Contin uous Voyages and the Practice during the World War
573
Consequences of Carriage of Contraband
576
Capture for Carriage of Contraband
577
Penalty for Carriage of Contraband according to the Practice hitherto prevailing
578
Penalty according to the Declaration of London for Carriage of Contraband
581
406a Seizure of Contraband without Seizure of the Vessel
583
212
585
Carriage of Persons for the Enemy
586
Transmission of Intelligence to the Enemy
592
Unneutral Service creating Enemy Character
594
Consequences of Unneutral Service 411 Capture for Unneutral Service
596
Seizure of Enemy Persons and Despatches without Seizure of Vessel
599
413a Seizure of Enemy Reservists during the World War
601
CHAPTER VI
604
Right of Visitation by whom when and where exercised
605
Only Private Vessels may be visited
606
No Universal Rules regarding Mode of Visitation
609
115
646
Contraband Vessels 562
649
Destruction of Historical Monuments Works of Art and the like
650
133
651
141
661
ee333
669

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Common terms and phrases

Popular passages

Page 32 - If a State so invited shall refuse to accept the obligations of membership in the League for the purposes of such dispute, and shall resort to war against a Member of the League, the provisions of Article 16 shall be applicable as against the State taking such action.
Page 29 - Any war or threat of war, whether immediately affecting any of the Members of the League or not, is hereby declared a matter of concern to the whole League, and the League shall take any action that may be deemed wise and effectual to safeguard the peace of nations.
Page 31 - Assembly, if concurred in by the Representatives of those Members of the League represented on the Council and of a majority of the other Members of the League, exclusive in each case of the Representatives of the parties to the dispute...
Page 98 - To conduct their operations in accordance with the laws and customs of war. In countries where militia or volunteer corps constitute the army, or form part of it, they are included under the denomination "army.
Page 84 - The right of belligerents to adopt means of injuring the enemy is not unlimited.
Page 94 - Council is a de facto belligerent government clothed with proper authority to direct the military and political affairs of the Czecho-Slovaks.
Page 32 - If both parties to the dispute when so invited refuse to accept the obligations of membership in the League for the purposes of such dispute, the Council may take such measures and make such recommendations as will prevent hostilities and will result in the settlement of the dispute.
Page 346 - A belligerent party which violates the provisions of the said Regulations shall, if the case demands, be liable to pay compensation. It shall be responsible for all acts committed by persons forming part of its armed forces.
Page 543 - ... (2) Articles intended for the use of the vessel in which they are found, as well as those intended for the use of her crew and passengers during the voyage.
Page 230 - The authority of the legitimate power having in fact passed into the hands of the occupant, the latter shall take all the measures in his power to restore, and ensure, as far as possible, public order and safety, while respecting, unless absolutely prevented, the laws in force in the country.

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