There should be at all times meticulously clear semantics on this point so that no aid to sectarian institutions contrary to the original intent of the Congress can be provided. The wise churchmen who founded POAU more than a decade ago believed that the arrangement of separation as between church and state was a happy one and should be continued. This is the key to understanding and cooperation among the churches in our common culture. These churchmen have on many occasions made clear what we state today-that the holding of the present money barrier against subsidies to any church, is basic to the preservation of the entire principle of separation. We urge the careful consideration of that principle in connection with this and all Federal legislation. STATEMENT OF EDWARD G. RAMBERG, PRESIDENT, SOCIETY FOR SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SCIENCE The Council of the Society for Social Responsibility in Science, an association of between 400 and 500 scientists, engineers, and physicians concerned that the fruits of science be applied to the benefit of mankind and never to its harm, urges that measures for the advancement of education consider improvement of the entire educational process and not limit themselves to the increase of specific technical proficiencies. Our most urgent problem is how to get along with other people, not how to destroy them. The humanities, the social sciences, and the natural sciencesboth through the improvement of the physical conditions of life and by their emphasis on the unemotional, objective consideration of the questions that face us-can all help with this problem. Educational institutions should seek to convey to students a picture of the world in all its aspects and instill in them a sense of mission and adventure. This requires teachers of stature and dedication. Increased financial rewards would help to attract men and women with the proper qualifications into the teaching profession, particularly when such increased rewards are coupled with increased social esteem. Aid to the small liberal arts college, in which many of our best teachers function at present, could materially increase their effectiveness and add to the number of scientists, scholars, and citizens well prepared to take their part in our democratic society. Finally, scholarships to students who exhibit unusual ability and interest in learning-not only in science and technology-can help to raise the level of our educational institutions. STATEMENT OF MAURINE B. NEUBERGER, REPRESENTING THE UNITARIAN FELLOWSHIP FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. The legislative committee of the Unitarian Fellowship for Social Justice, of which Mrs. Richard L. Neuberger is chairman, submits the following statement for inclusion in the report of hearings before the Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee. The UFSJ is a national organization whose Washington office is at 408 A Street NE., Washington, D. C. High on the list of legislative priorities of the UFSJ is an education bill that will grant Federal aid to public schools. The fellowship has just held a national workshop in Washington at which delegates were present from 18 States. It was the general opinion of the workshop that the Congress should pass a Federal-aid-to-education bill to improve the desperately tottering public elementary and high-school buildings of the country and of such massive proportions that aid would be included to boost public schoolteachers' salaries. With unemployment rising, with the school population steadily increasing, the time for delay has passed. We do not consider the Murray-Metcalf bill a perfect bill, but we support it and urge its passage. We believe it should take priority over the other fiftyodd bills that are in the committee's hopper. Science scholarships are important but their importance is secondary to the aid needed at the primary and secondary school level. The Murray-Metcalf bill recognizes the historic separation of the church-andstate principle of our country. We trust that the Congress will maintain this formula in any educational bills which are offered. STATEMENTS BY INDIVIDUALS* OUR FUTURE SECURITY Address by President Eisenhower at Oklahoma City, Okla., November 13, 1957 Last week I spoke of science in security; this evening I speak of security in a somewhat wider context. We live in one of the great ages in the story of mankind. For millions of people science has removed the burden of backbreaking toil. For other millions the hope of a good life is being translated into definite promise. In this wondefful age we Americans have a special responsibility. We were given a fresh continent and an opportunity to work out a modern dream of how men should work together, live togehter, and govern themselves. Drawing on all the cultures of the past, and on the rapid growth of science, we worked out a way in which every person can be his own competitive self and at the same time be a delicated member of a harmonious community. Now this week the Soviets are celebrating the 40th anniversary of their revolution. These four decades have seen them change from an agricultural to an industrial nation. We know of their rigorous educational system and their technological achievements. But we see all this happening under a political philosophy that postpones again and again the promise to each man that he will be allowed to be himself and to enjoy, according to his own desires, the fruits of his own labor. We have long had evidence, recently very dramatic evidence, that even under such a system it is possible to produce some remarkable material achievements. When such competence in things material is at the service of leaders who have so little regard for things human, and who command the power of an empire, there is danger ahead for freemen everywhere. That, my friends, is the reason why the American people have been so aroused about the earth satellites. Of course, freemen are meeting and will meet this challenge. Up to a point, this must be done on the Communists' own terms-outmatching them in military power, general technological advance, and specialized education and research. But this is not all the story. The real strength with which the self-governing democracies have met the tests of history is something denied to dictatorships. It is found in the quality of our life and the vigor of our ideals. It manifests itself in the ever astonishing capacity of freemen for voluntary heroism, sacrifice, and accomplishment when the chips are down. This is the weapon which has meant eventual downfall for every dictator who has made the familiar mistake of thinking all democracies "soft." Now, once again, we hear an expansionist regime declaring, "We will bury you." In a bit of American vernacular, "Oh yeah?" It would be a grave error not to take this kind of threat literally. This theme has been a Communist doctrine for a hundred years. But you may recall that there was once a dictator named Hitler who also said he would bury us. He wrote a long, dull book telling precisely how he was going to do it. Not enough people took him at his word. We shall not make that mistake again. International communism has demonstrated repeatedly that its leaders are quite willing to launch aggression by violence upon other countries. They are even inore ready to expand by propaganda and subversion, economic pene ration and exploitation. Mostly they use a combination of all three methods. The free world must therefore be alert to all. MILITARY DEFENSE Our military defenses have been largely reshaped over the years since World War II. I assure you, as I did last week, that for the conditions existing today they are both efficient and adequate. But if they are to remain so for the Furnished the committee for the record on Science and Education for National Defense. |