RHODE ISLAND'S CONTRIBUTION TO FEDERAL TREASURY

In my own State of Rhode Island we pay to the Federal Treasury more than $300 million a year, and in Federal grants we receive back less than $30 million a year. So it would be the desire of any Senator who comes from Rhode Island, recognizing what we get back in Federal grants by comparison to what we pay the Federal Treasury, to see that the State ought to do all it possibly can before it calls upon the Federal coffer to help them out.

Senator ALLOTT. That is true with several States. Delaware, Connecticut, and New York are in the same category; are they not? Senator PASTORE. I do not want to particularize as to States. Senator ALLOTT. Let me ask the Senator this:

In referring to school construction, and I recognize the problem with which he speaks, I think quite well from having sat on this committee for 3 years. Do you believe that the effort or a fair way of measuring the effort a State makes would be taking the number of children of school age and multiplying it by the average daily attendance, the yearly average daily attendance, and setting up a ratio of that product to the per capita, average per capita income of that State? Do you think that doing this would give a fair basis for measuring the effort that State is making?

FORMULA TO MEASURE EFFORT

Senator PASTORE. I would not want to wed myself to any particular formula this morning, but let me say this to the distinguished Senator: Many of the component parts that he has talked about in composition of this formula make a lot of sense to me and sound, offhand, to be reasonable. You may add a few or you may subtract a few.

Let me say this as a general proposition: There ought to be a discovery and I mean in the broad sense-a determination of ability of an individual State to do all it possibly can. That should be determined before we begin to throw these dollars around.

When that is done, I am merely saying that it becomes a national responsibility to give us a program of equalization in the field of education on the personal level, because every individual in America is important and every individual's mind should be developed to its best talents.

Senator ALLOTT. But until that State has reached that effort standard, however you arrive at it, and there are several formulas that could be used, the Senator agrees that the State should not come to the United States asking for money to build its educational system until it has made the original effort itself?

Senator PASTORE. As a general proposition, I agree with the Senator. Senator ALLOTT. Thank you.

SENATOR PASTORE'S SERVICE ON COMMITTEE

The CHAIRMAN. I want to say to the distinguished Senator from Rhode Island, who was a former member of this committee, that I have always so regretted that his path of duty led him from this committee to another committee and that he left us. I want to say

that after hearing his very brilliant statement this morning and his brilliant anwsers to these questions, it is even more regrettable that the distinguished Senator from Rhode Island is not a member of this committee.

Senator PASTORE. Let me say this: The Senator from Alabama has many, many talents, but insofar as his graciousness is concerned, his sense of graciousness has no peer.

us.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Senator. Thank you for being with

We are happy to have with us this morning Senator Case from New Jersey.

Senator SMITH. May I add a word of welcome to my distinguished colleague from Rahway. Mr. Case, we are glad to see you.

The CHAIRMAN. We are most happy to have you here, Senator. I join with Senator Smith and Senator Allott in welcoming you here. Senator ALLOTT. Yes, sir, I am most happy that you are here. The CHAIRMAN. You may proceed in your own way.

STATEMENT OF HON. CLIFFORD P. CASE, UNITED STATES SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY

Senator CASE. Mr. Chairman and distinguished members of the committee, I am most grateful for your very kind expressions, and I am most grateful to you for the opportunity that your hearings give me to present my views on two bills that I have introduced and to comment in general on the educational problems of the country.

I would like to say that I think these hearings are of enormous value, both because I know you are going to produce good legislation, and because they afford an opportunity that we very much need for a thorough review of all the educational problems facing the country. Mr. Chairman, from newspaper reports I realize that your committee has had a great deal of testimony in favor of various bills providing scholarships, fellowships and loan programs for college education. While I support the philosophy of such legislation, I think it should be emphasized that no amount of such programs will help increase the number of classrooms, laboratories, libraries or dormitories necessary to provide education. In fact, the more we help youngsters attend college the more we intensify the problem.

FACILITIES NECESSARY

This situation is somewhat like establishing an Air Force program for recruitment of pilots, navigators and bombardiers without providing the airplanes for them to fly. If we are to increase the number of college students, we must face the hard, expensive part of the job and provide the facilities necessary to accommodate them. Otherwise the net result is a displacement program in which the students we help push out those who have gotten to college under their own

power.

Educational authorities remind us that the cost of a college education is far higher than the tuition fee charged. This means that every scholarship or fellowship that is awarded under Government auspices creates an additional economic burden on the college institutions.

There is no need to repeat the many warnings already sounded before your committee about the growing shortage in college facilities. Commissions appointed by both President Truman and President Eisenhower have urged the American people to take strong steps so that we may avoid overcrowding, such as we are now suffering from in our public schools.

As President Eisenhower's Committee on Education Beyond the High School put it:

Our colleges and universities are expected by the American public to perform something close to a miracle in the next 12 to 15 years. They are called upon to provide education of a continually improving quality to a far larger number of students-at least 6 million by 1970 compared to 3 million now.

FEDERAL EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE

This miracle will not be wrought by sitting back and letting nature take its course. The Federal and State Governments, the communities and community leaders, the educators, and administrators must plan and then they must act. Colleges are not established nor are buildings erected overnight.

I believe the Federal Government should help start this process by undertaking a plan of emergency assistance to the States to accomplish the following things:

1. Prepare an inventory of existing college facilities and their proposed plans for expansion.

2. Survey the need for additional college facilities.

3. Develop State plans for college expansion.

4. Study the adequacy of State and other resources available to meet college facility requirements.

SURVEY OF COLLEGE NEEDS

S. 2763, which I have proposed, would authorize the appropriation of up to $2,500,000 to be made available to the States on a matching basis to carry out these purposes. The funds would be apportioned on the basis of school-age population except that no participating State would receive less than $10,000 in matching funds. The administration of the program would be placed in the hands of the Commissioner of Education in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Mr. Chairman, if it is appropriate, I would like to offer for insertion in the record at this time a copy of the bill.

The CHAIRMAN. Would you like to have it appear here or at the end of your remarks?

Senator CASE. I think it might appear here, because I am discussing two bills.

The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the bill in full will be put in the record.

(S. 2763 follows:)

[S. 2763, 85th Cong., 1st sess.]

A BILL To provide assistance to the States in certain surveying and planning with respect to college facilities

1

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE, AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATION, AND DEFINITIONS SECTION 1. (a) For the purposes of assisting the States to inventory existing college facilities, to survey the need for additional college facilities especially in relation to the distribution of poulation, to develop State plans for college expansion programs, and to study the adequacy of State and other resources available to meet college facilities requirements, there is authorized to be appropriated the sum of $2,500,000 to remain available until expended. Sums appropriated pursuant to this section shall be used for making payments to States whose applications for funds for carrying out such purposes have been approved. (b) Grants under the provisions of this Act shall not be deemed to commit the Congress in any way to authorize or appropriate funds for any college facilities or college expansion programs.

(c) As used in this Act

(1) the term "State" means a State, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or the District of Columbia;

(2) the term "Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare;

(3) the term "school-age population" means that part of the population which is between the ages of five and seventeen, both inclusive, and the school-age population of the several States shall be determined on the basis of the most recent estimates by the Department of Commerce.

STATE APPLICATIONS

SEC. 2. The Commissioner shall approve any application for funds for carrying out the purposes of this Act if such application—

(1) designates the State agency for carrying out such purposes;

(2) provides a plan, in such detail as may be required by the Commissioner, for carrying out such purposes; and

(3) provides that such State agency will make such reports, in such form, and containing such information as the Commissioner may from time to time reasonably require, and, to assure verification of such reports, give the Commissioner, upon request, access to the records upon which such information is based.

ALLOTMENTS AND PAYMENTS TO STATES

SEC. 3. (a) Amounts appropriated in accordance with section 1 of this Act shall be allotted among the several States in the same proportion as their respective school-age populations bear to the total school-age population of all the States, except that no such allotment to any State shall be less than $10,000. Within its allotment each State shall be entitled to receive an amount equal to 50 per centum of its expenditures in carrying out the purposes of this Act in accordance with its application.

(b) The Commissioner shall from time to time estimate the sum to which each State will be entitled under this section during such ensuing period as he may determine, and shall thereupon certify to the Secretary of the Treasury the amount so estimated, reduced or increased, as the case may be, by any sum by which the Commissioner finds that his estimate for any prior period was greater or less than the amount to which the State was entitled for such period. The Secretary of the Treasury shall thereupon, prior to audit or settlement by the General Accounting Office, pay to the State, at the time or times fixed by the Commissioner, the amount so certified.

WITHHOLDING OF CERTIFICATION

SEC. 4. (a) Whenever the Commissioner, after reasonable notice and opportunity for hearings to a State agency designated in accordance with section 2 of this Act, finds (1) that such State agency is not complying substantially with

the provisions of this Act or the terms and conditions of its application approved under this Act, or (2) that any funds paid to such State agency under this Act have been diverted from the purposes for which they had been allotted or paid, the Commissioner may forthwith notify the Secretary of the Treasury and such State agency that no further certification will be made under this Act with respect to such agency until there is no longer any failure to comply or the diversion has been corrected or, if compliance or correction is impossible, until such State agency repays or arranges for the repayment of Federal moneys which have been diverted or improperly expended.

(b) The final refusal of the Commissioner to approve any application made under this Act, and the Commissioner's final action under subsection (a) of this section, shall be subject to judicial review on the record, in the United States court of appeals for the circuit in which the State is located, in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act.

ADMINISTRATION

SEC. 5. (a) The Commissioner is authorized to delegate to any officer or employee of the Office of Education any of his functions under this Act except the making of regulations.

(b) There are hereby authorized to be appropriated for Federal administrative expenses such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. Senator CASE. I would also like to submit for the record a summary and analysis of S. 2763.

The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the summary will be placed in the record immediately following the bill.

(The summary follows:)

A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF S. 2763 BY SENATOR CLIFFORD P. CASE

The bill would provide assistance to the States in certain surveying and planning with respect to college facilities.

Section 1 indicates the bill would assist States in inventorying existing college facilities, surveying the need for additional facilities, developing plans for expansion and studying the adequacy of resources available to meet the cost of the expansion. A maximum of $2,500,000 would be available on a matching basis to the States seeking to participate. The grants would be made on the basis of school-age population.

Section 2 states that applications by the States would be handled by the Commissioner of Education, Department of Health, Education,and Welfare.

Section 3: The States will be required to match allotments from the Federal Government. No participating State shall receive less than $10,000.

Section 4: The Commissioner of Education, after notice and opportunity for hearings to a State agency, may withhold funds if he finds that such State agency is not complying with the provisions of the act. The refusal by the Commissioner shall be subject to judicial review by the United States court of appeals for the circuit in which the State is located, in accordance with the Administrative Procedures Act.

Section 5: The Commissioner is authorized to delegate to officers of the Office of Education any of his functions under the act except the making of regulations. Senator CASE. I also have one short statement showing the amount each State will receive under my bill.

The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, that statement will appear in the record.

Senator CASE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. (The statement follows:)

STATEMENT OUTLINING THE APPORTIONMENT OF S. 2763

The funds would be apportioned on the basis of school-age population with the exception that no participating State would receive less than $10,000 in matching funds. The total amount to be disbursed is $2,500,000 to the States