No. 90S. Manufacturing Corporations—Sales, Profits, Stockholders' Equity, And Debt: 1960 To 1983 [In billions of dollars. Prior to 1970, excludes newspapers. Data are not necessarily comparable from year to year due to changes in accounting procedures, industry classifications, sampling procedures, etc.; for detail, see source. See also Historical Statistics. Colonial Times to 1970, series P 93-106) 1 Annual data are average equity or debt for the year (using tour end-of-quarter figures). Source: Through 1981. U.S. Federal Trade Commission, thereafter, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Quarterly Financial Report for Manufacturing, Mining and Trade Corporations. In U.S. Council of Economic Advisers, Economic Report of the President, annual. No. 910. Manufacturing Corporations—Profits, Stockholders' Equity, Sales, And Debt Ratios: 1980 To 1983 [Averages of quarterly figures at annual rates. Based on sample; see source for discussion of methodology. Minus (-) sign indicates loss. See headnote, table 909] 1 Includes other industries not shown separately. Source: Through 1981, US Federal Trade Commission, thereafter. U.S. Bureau ol the Census. Quarterly Financial Report tor Manufacturing, Mining and Trade Corporations In U.S. Council of Economic Advisers, Economic Report ol the President, annual. No. 911. GROSS PRODUCT OF U.S. MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES (MNC's), BY INDUSTRY OF U.S. PARENT: 1977 [In billions of dollars, except percent. Gross product is an economic accounting measure of production. It measures U.S. parent companies' contribution to U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) and their majority-owned foreign affiliate (MOFA's) contribution to foreign GDP. The gross product estimates are based on data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis' 1977 benchmark survey of U.S. direct investment abroad and cover nonbank U.S. parent companies that had at least one nonbank MOFA. (MOFA's are foreign affiliates that were owned by more than 50 percent of all U.S. parents combined and that had assets, sales, or net income of more than $3 million in 1977.) Detailed data and the methodology of the benchmark survey are published in U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Direct Investment Abroad, 1977, April 1981) Mining..... Metal mining ....... Coal and other nonmetallic minerals. Oil and gas extraction.. Other.. Food and kindred products ..... Primary metals........ Fabricated.. Office and computing machines ... Other ........... Other manufacturing. Retail... Transportation ........ 21 Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Anaylsis, Survey of Current Business, February 1983. No. 912. CAPITAL EXPENDITURES BY MAJORITY-OWNED FOREIGN AFFILIATES OF U.S. MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES: 1970 TO 1983 (Represents expenditures to acquire, add to, or improve property, plant, and equipment. Data are universe estimates based on Bureau of Economic Analysis semiannual sample survey. The latest survey, taken in Dec. 1983, covered over 8,500 majorityowned foreign affiliates. See Survey of Current Business, March 1984) Mining and smelting ....... Food products....... Transportation equipment.. Canada European Communities ?..... Other Europe....... Japan..... Australia, New Zealand, South Africa... Latin America ........ Other Asia and Pacific Includes other industries not shown separately. ? Includes Belgium, Denmark, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, March issues. No. 913. Foreign-owned U.S. Firms, By Percent Of Foreign Ownership, Industry, And Country: 1982 [Covers only firms operating at more than one U.S. location and having 50 or more employees. A firm was defined as foreignowned if ten percent or more of its equity was owned by a foreign entity. Domicile country refers to location of the home office of the owning entity] 1 For definition, see text p. 513. ■ For week including March 12. ■ Includes industries and countries not shown separately * Includes New Zealand. s Includes Luxembourg. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Selected Characteristics of Foreign-Owned U.S. Finns: 1962. No. 914. Consumer Cooperatives And Farmer Cooperatives Selling Consumer Goods, By Type Of Association: 1970 To 1982 [Members In thousands: business In millions of dollars. Business >efers to loans outstanding] 4,800 -t NA Not available. 'Source: National Credit Union Administration. Annual Report of the National Credit Union Administration and Stale Chartered Credit Unions. "Source: U.S. Rural Electrification Administration. Statistical Report—Rural Electric Borrowers. Electric distribution cooperatives currently borrowing from REA, average number of consumers served, and total revenues. "Source: U.S. Rural Electrification Administration, Statistical Report—Rural Telephone Borrowers. Cooperatives currently borrowing from REA, number of subscribers at end of year, annual revenues. * Source: U.S. Health Care Financing Administration, Health Care Financing Review, September 1982, and unpublished data. Estimated enrollees and annual subscription income ol plans. Enrollment is for most frequent type of benefit (surgical services). 1981. preliminary • 1968 data. • 1979 data. T Data for fiscal years ending June 30 or earlier in years shown. 1962, calendar year. Since most cooperatives do more than one type of business, totals are less than would be obtained by adding number of cooperatives handling individual items or performing individual services. Major products sold are feed, seed, fertilizer, pesticides, and petroleum. See table 1147 for other items sold by farmer cooperatives. "Sales include products for farming, for both farm and non-farm home heating, and automobile and truck uses. * Includes hardware, building supplies, lawn and garden items, electrical goods, and other supplies used by both farmers and nonfarmers. Source: Except as noted, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Agricultural Cooperative Service, unpublished data No. 915. CORPORATE PHILANTHROPY AS A PERCENT OF PRETAX NET INCOME: 1980 TO 1982 (Based on sample of 2,500 large industrial and non-industrial companies) SERVER PER No. 916. CORPORATE PHILANTHROPY-BENEFICIARIES: 1975 TO 1982 [In millions of dollars, except percent) NA Not available. Includes other beneficiaries not shown separately. Source of tables 915 and 916: Troy, Kathryn, Annual Survey of Corporate Contributions. The Conference Board, New York, NY. (Copyright.) No. 917. PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS: 1961 TO 1983 [In thousands. Calendar year data. Covers patents issued to citizens of the United States and residents of foreign countries. For information on copyrights, see table 941. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series W 96-108) U.S. Government..... Designs............. Botanical plants ....... Reissues ............... ..... .... Issued.................... 119.3 118.0 26.5 104.2 158.3 150.7 121.2 29.5 25.9 20.5 5.4 - Represents zero. Z Less than 50. Includes patents to foreign governments. ? Abstracts of technical disclosure of patent published at request of applicant or owner. The current practice, called "Detensive Publications," began in Nov. 1968. Includes patent inventions and a small number of patents for designs and botanical plants. Source: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Fiscal-year figures are published in the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks Annual Report This section presents statistics on the usage, finances, and operations of the Postal Service and of the various communications media: Telephone, telegraph, radio, television, newspapers and periodicals. Expenditures data for advertising in the media are also included. Postal Service.—The Postal Service provides mail processing and delivery services within the United States. The Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 created the Postal Service, effective July 1971, as an independent establishment of the Federal Executive Branch; it also placed restrictions on the private delivery of mail. "Revenue and cost analysis" is the term used by the Postal Service to describe its system of attributing revenues and costs to classes of mail and service. This system draws primarily upon probability sampling techniques to develop estimates of revenues, volumes, and weights, as well as costs by class of mail and special service. The costs attributed to classes of mail and special services are primarily incremental costs which vary in response to changes in volume; they account for roughly 60 percent of the total costs of the Postal Service. The balance represents "institutional costs" which includes funds for research and development portions of personnel and office supplies, etc. Statistics on revenues, volume of mail, and distribution of expenditures are presented in the Postal Service's annual report, Revenue and Cost Analysis, and its Annual Report of the Postmaster General. Communication media.—The Federal Communications Commission (FCC), established in 1934, regulates wire and radio communications and licenses radio and television stations. Only the largest carriers and controlling companies file annual or monthly financial reports. Jurisdiction of the FCC applies to domestic and overseas telegraph carriers and to the Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat), but not to a large number of telephone carriers that are engaged in intrastate service. The gross operating revenues of the telephone carriers reporting annually to the FCC, however, are estimated to cover about 90 percent of the revenues of all U.S. telephone companies. Reports filed by the broadcasting industry cover substantially all radio and television stations operating in the United States and its outlying areas. Statistics covering the private radio services represent the largest and most diverse group of licensees regulated by the FCC. These services primarily provide two-way radio communication for emergency and business purposes in the aviation, marine, land transportation, and other industries; police, fire, and other public safety programs; and amateur and personal operations. Principal sources of wire, radio, and television data are the FCC's Annual Report, and its annual Statistics of Communications Common Carriers. Statistics on the printed media are available from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, as well as from various private agencies. The censuses of manufactures (conducted by the Census Bureau every five years, for the years ending in "2" and "7") provide statistics on the number and circulation of newspapers and periodicals and on sales of books and pamphlets. Editor & Publisher Co., Inc., New York, presents annual data on the number and circulation of daily and Sunday newspapers in its Internationa/ Yearbook. Monthly data on new books and new editions appear in Publishers Weekly, issued by R. R. Bowker Company, New York. (See table 379 for annual data). Advertising.—The statistics on advertising expenditures are compiled primarily by private organizations. McCann-Erickson, Inc., which compiles certain of the data shown (see tables 942-944), defines national advertising as the advertising done for companies whose products are distributed nationally, and for which national media rates are paid. Local advertising is defined as the advertising done for companies which market their products locally and which may pay special "local" media rates. Spot advertising is considered time bought by a national advertiser on a selective market basis. Monthly index figures of advertising in certain media are also published periodically by McCann-Erickson in Advertising Age. The Broadcast Advertisers Reports (see tables 946-948) distinguished between spot and local advertising primarily on the basis of the type of advertiser to whom the time is sold, rather than how and by whom it is sold. In general, time purchased on behalf of retail or service establishments in the market is considered local, even though the establishments may be part of a national or regional chain. That is, spot advertising promotes a product, while local advertising promotes a given es |