Foreign Travel-Air Travel 235 No. 399. U.S. TRAVEL TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES—TRAVELERS AND EXPENDITURES: 1970 TO 1983 (Travelers in thousands; expenditures In millions of dollars, except as indicated. Covers residents of United States and Puerto Rico. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series H 921-940) NA Not available. Excludes the following: Travel to Canada and Mexico; travel between conterminous United States and Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands; cruise travelers; military personnel and other Government employees and their dependents stationed abroad, and U.S. citizens residing abroad. Excludes transatlantic passenger fares. Excludes passenger fares of emigrant aliens. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, May 1984, and earlier issues. No. 400. AIR TRAVEL BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES: 1975 TO 1983 and military personnel. Travelers between u.s. ports in the 50 State [In thousande. Covers passengers on international commercial flights arriving at and departing from U.S. airports. Excludes traffic between U.S. and Canada, border crossers, crewmen, and military personnel. Travelers between U.S. ports in the 50 States, Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands; and any other outlying area are included. Data compiled from flight reports of U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. Selection of countries based on minimum of 150,000 arrivals in 1983. For related data, see also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series C 296-331) Total passengers................. Foreign. dobarkation: 254 1,153 115 299 441 306 148 314 243 501 695 1,174 198 146 197 250 189 529 587 1,819 245 2,456 252 212 306 310 1,524 304 184 81 260 224 1,446 198 1,799 330 Country where passenger boarded/deboarded a direct flight to/from the U.S. Figure 9.1 Popular Vote Cast for President, by Major Party: 1952 to 1980 Millions of votes 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 I 1968 and 1972-American Independent; 1980-John Anderson. Source: Chart prepared by U.S. Bureau of the Census. For data, see table 401 Figure 9.2 Voter Participation in Presidential Elections: 1968 to 1980 40 nil nit mi mi 1968 1972 1976 1980 White Black Male Female 40 20 Source: Chart prepared by US Bureau o( the Census For data, see table 426 This section relates primarily to Presidential, congressional, and gubernatorial elections. Also presented are summary tables on congressional legislation, State legislatures, Black, Hispanic, and female officeholders, population of voting age, voter participation, and campaign finances. Official statistics on Federal elections, collected by the Clerk of the House, are published biennially in Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election and Statistics of the Congressional Election. Federal and State elections data appear also in America Votes, a biennial volume of the Elections Research Center, Washington, DC. Federal elections data also appear in the U.S. Congress, Congressional Directory, and in official State documents. Data on reported registration and voting are obtained by the U.S. Bureau of the Census as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS) and are published in Current Population Reports, series P-20 (see text, pp. 1 and 2). Almost all Federal, State, and local governmental units in the United States conduct elections at various intervals for different offices and other purposes. The conduct of elections is regulated by State laws or, in some cities and counties, by local charter. An exception is that the U.S. Constitution prescribes the basis of representation in Congress and the manner of electing the President, and grants to Congress the right to regulate the times, places, and manner of electing Federal officers. Amendments to the Constitution have prescribed national criteria for voting eligibility. The 15th Amendment, adopted in 1870, gave all citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The 19th Amendment, adopted in 1919, further extended the right to vote to all citizens regardless of sex. The payment of poll taxes as a prerequisite to voting in Federal elections was banned by the 24th Amendment in 1964. In 1971, as a result of the 26th Amendment, eligibility to vote in national elections was extended to all citizens, 18 years old and over. Presidential election.—The Constitution specifies how the President and Vice President are selected. Each State elects, by popular vote, a group of electors equal in number to its total of members of Congress. Subsequent to the election, the electors meet in their respective States to vote for President and Vice President. Usually, each elector votes for the candidate receiving the most popular votes in his or her State. A majority vote of all electors is necessary to elect the President and Vice President. If no candidate receives a majority, the House of Representatives, with each State having one vote, is empowered to elect the President and Vice President, again, with a majority of votes required. The 22d Amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1951, limits presidential tenure to 2 elective terms of 4 years each, or to 1 elective term for any person who, upon succession to the Presidency, has held the office or acted as President for more than 2 years. The 23d Amendment, adopted in 1961, grants the District of Columbia 3 presidential electors, a number equal to that of the least populous State. Congressional election.—The Constitution provides that Representatives be apportioned among the States according to their population; that a census of population be taken every 10 years as a basis for apportionment; and that each State have at least 1 Representative. At the time of each apportionment, Congress decides what the total number of Representatives will be. Since 1912, the total has been 435, except during 1960 to 1962 when it increased to 437, adding 1 Representative each for Alaska and Hawaii. The total reverted to 435 after reapportionment following the 1960 census. Members are elected for 2-year terms, all terms covering the same period. The District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, and the Virgin Islands each elect one nonvoting Delegate and Puerto Rico elects a nonvoting Resident Commissioner. The Senate is composed of 100 members, 2 from each State, who are elected to serve for a term of 6 years. One-third of the Senate is elected every 2 years. Senators were originally chosen by the State legislatures. The 17th Amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1913, prescribed that Senators be elected by popular vote. Voter eligibility and participation.—The Census Bureau publishes estimates of the population of voting age and the percent casting votes in each State for Presidential and congressional election years. Voting-age population estimates include a number of persons who meet the age requirement but are not eligible to vote (for example, aliens and institutionalized persons). Since 1964, voter participation and voter characteristics data have been collected during November of election years as part of the CPS. Statistical reliability.—For a discussion of statistical collection and estimation, sampling procedures, and measures of statistical reliability applicable to Census Bureau data, see Appendix III. Historical statistics.—Tabular headnotes provide cross-references, where applicable, to Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970. See Appendix I. No. 401. Vote Cast For President, By Poutical Parties: 1920 To 1980 [Prior to 1960. excludes Alaska and Hawaii: prior to 1964, excludes DC. Vote cast for major party candidates includes the votes of minor parties cast for those candidates. See also Histories/ Statistics. Colonial Times to 1970, series Y 79-63 and Y 135] 1 includes votes for minor party candidates, independents, unpledged electors, and scattered write-in votes Source: 1920-1936. Edgar Eugene Robinson. 77w Presidential Vote and They Voted lor Roosevelt. Stanford University I _ Stanford. CA. 1934 and 1947. respectively 1940-1984 and 1966-1980. Elections Research Center. Washington. DC. America at the Polls and America Votes, biennial, respectively (copyright) Electoral Vote Cast for President 239 NO. 402. ELECTORAL VOTE CAST FOR PRESIDENT, BY MAJOR POLITICAL PARTIES-STATES: 1940 TO 1980 D=Democratic, R=Republican. For composition of regions, see fig. I, inside front cover. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial Times to 1970, series Y 84-134) compact copione con la visione fignt cover. See also Historical Statistics, Colonial South Atlantic: DE... MD.............................. V .......................... . . ...... GOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO...................... FL .............. . MS... West South Central AR LA.......... OK.......... TX...... Mountain: MT........ ID........ WY..................... CO........ TOTY ... - Represents zero. X Not applicable. Excludes 39 electoral votes cast for States' Rights Democratic candidates as follows: AL 11; LA 10; MS 9; SC 8; and TN 1. ? Excludes 1 electoral vote cast for Walter B. Jones in Alabama. 9 Excludes 15 electoral votes cast for Harry F. Byrd as follows: AL 6; MS 8; and OK 1. Excludes 46 electoral votes cast for George C. Wallace as follows: AL 10; AR 6; GA 12; LA 10; MS 7; NC 1. 6 Excludes 1 electoral vote cast for John Hospers in Virginia. Excludes 1 electoral vote cast for Ronald Reagan in Washington. Source: 1940-1972, U.S. Congress, Clerk of the House, Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election; quadrennial; thereafter, Elections Research Center, Washington, DC, America Votes, biennial. (Copyright.) |