son holding any office under the United States shall be a
member of either house during his continuance in office..
(See Qualifications, notes 35, 46.)

SENATOR. No senator shall be appointed an elector of President
or Vice-President of the United States
Disqualification of (See Representatives.)

ments.

Amend

SENATORS. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each State.

SENATORS. Two senators shall be chosen by the legislature of each State for six years.

SENATORS divided as nearly as may be into three classes after the first election. The seats of the first class vacated at the expiration of the second year. The seats of the second class vacated at expiration of the fourth year. The seats of the third class vacated at expiration of the sixth year; so that one-third may be chosen every second year

SENATORS.

If vacancies happen in seats of senators, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any State, the executive thereof may make temporary ap pointments until next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies

(See Classification, n. 34.)

SENATORS. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators..

SENATORS and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States..

They shall, in all cases except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place.

SENATORS of the United States shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support the Constitution of the United States SERVICE. Persons bound to service for a term of years included in representative numbers

SERVICE of the United States. The Congress shall have power to

provide for governing such parts of the militia as may be
employed in the service of the United States..

SERVICE of the United States. The President shall be commander-
in-chief of the militia of the several States, when called
into the actual service of the United States

SERVICE or labor. (See Slaves--Fugitives.) .
SERVICE. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or other-
wise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indiet-
ment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land
or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service
in time of war or public danger. Amendments..
SERVICES. The senators and representatives shall receive a com-
ensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and
paid out of the treasury of the United States.....
(See Compensation, n. 53.)

SERVICES. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his
services a compensation, &c.....

(See President, n. 173.)

SERVICES. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts,
shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at
stated times, receive for their services a compensation
which shall not be diminished during their continuance in
office

SESSION of Congress. (See Meeting.)
SESSION. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year,
and such meeting or session shall be on the first Monday

in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different
day

(See Congress, n. 43, for the act fixing sessions.)
SESSION. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall,
without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than
three days, nor to any other place than that in which the
two houses shall be sitting....
SESSION. Senators and representatives shall, in all cases except
treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from
arrest during their attendance at the sessions of their re-
spective houses, and in going to and returning from the

same..

(See Arrest--Privilege.)

SESSION of the Senate. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session..

SEWARD, WILLIAM H. Secretary of State, n. 274. p. 272.
SHERMAN, WILLIAM T. Lieutenant-General in the United States
Army, n. 124.

SHIPS of war. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, keep ships of war in time of peace

SIGNED. Every bill, resolution, order, or vote, approved, shall be signed by the President.

SIGNED. Any bill, resolution, &c., not returned within ten days,
to become a law as if it had been signed by the President.
SIGNERS of the Declaration of Independence, pp. 7, 8; of the
Articles of Confederation, p. 21; of the Constitution of
the United States, pp. 41, 42, 252, viz.:-George Washing-
ton, President and Deputy from Virginia. John Lang-
don, Nicholas Gilman, New Hampshire. Nathaniel Gor-
ham, Rufus King, Massachusetts. William Samuel John-
son, Roger Sherman, Connecticut. Alexander Hamilton,
New York. William Livingston, David Brearley, William
Paterson, Jonathan Dayton, New Jersey. Benjamin
Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, Robert Morris, George Clymer,
Thomas Fitzsimmons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson,
Gouverneur Morris, Pennsylvania. George Reed, Gun-
ning Bedford, Jr., John Dickinson, Richard Bassett, Jacob
Broom, Delaware. James McHenry, Dan. of St.
Thomas Jenifer, Daniel Carroll, Maryland. John Blair,
James Madison, Jr., Virginia. William Blount, Richard
Dobbs Spaight. Hugh Williamson, North Carolina. John
Rutledge, Charles C. Pinckney, Charles Pinckney, Pierce
Butler, South Carolina. William Few, Abraham Bald-
win, Georgia. Attest: William Jackson, Secretary.
SILVER. No State shall make any thing but gold and silver coin
a tender in payment of debts.
SLAVERY. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a

SLAVES.

punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been
duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or
any place subject to their jurisdiction. Amendments....
This amendment trenches directly upon the power of
the States and the people of the States, n. 274, p. 273. It
changed the government to one of freedom, Id., and pp.
276, 277, 285. It gave the right to pass the civil rights bill, Id.
p. 273. And made citizens of those who before were slaves,
1d. p. 275. What the several States only could have done,
Congress has done by this amendment, Id. p. 276. Its
effect was to abolish slavery wherever it existed in the
United States, n. 274, p. 277. And it carried along the
right to protect the freedmen by all necessary legislation,
p. 277. It did not affect obligations given for slaves be-
fore the manumission, Id. pp. 277, 278..

Three-fifths of all slaves included in representative
numbers
SLAVES. The migration or importation of such persons as any of
the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall

not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year 1808,
but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation,
not exceeding ten dollars for each person

SLAVES. No person held to service or labor in one State, under
the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in conse-
quence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged
from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on
claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be
due
SLAVES. No amendment made prior to 1808 shall prohibit the
importation of persons (or slaves)
SOLDIER. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any
house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of
war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amend-

ments....

Soldier and quartered defined, n. 250. Collections of
them into armies, n. 125. The right to enlist minors, Id.
Limitation of the power to vote supplies for them, n. 127.
The militia are the national soldiers, n. 180. The power of
martial law over them, n. 134. The right to try them by
military law, n. 255.

SOUTH CAROLINA. Signed the Declaration of Independence, p. 8.
One of the Confederation, p. 9. Signed the articles thereof,
p. 21. Signed the Constitution of the United States,
pp. 42. 252. Rule of suffrage in, n. 17, p. 64.
SOUTH CAROLINA. Entitled to five representatives in first Congress.
To four by the census of 1860, n. 24, p. 69. Population
through each decade, n. 24, pp. 69-70. Attempted nullifi-
cation by, Pref. p.viii. and n. 144. Did not vote in the Presi-
dential election of 1864, n. 167. Assigned to fifth judicial cir-
cuit, n. 197, p. 192. Ratified the thirteenth constitutional
am.ndment, n. 274. Refused to ratify the fourteenth,
n. 275. Declared one of the rebel States, n. 276, pp. 282, 286.
Its provisional government defined, n. 276, p. 286. Regis-
tered voters of, n. 278, p. 289.

SPAIGHT, RICHARD DOBBS, of North Carolina. Signed this Con-
stitution, pp. 42, 252.

SPEAKER and other officers. The House of Representatives shall
choose their Speaker and other officers...

Speaker defined, n. 26. List of Speakers, n. 26, p. 78.
When the Speaker becomes President, n. 172, § 8.

SPEECH. Senators and representatives, for any speech or debate in
either house, shall not be questioned in any other place..
Limitation of this privilege, n. 61.

SPEECH. Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech. Amendinents..

"Freedom" defined, n. 246.

STANBERY, HENRY. Attorney-General of the United States, n. 197, p. 192.

STANDARD. Congress shall have power to fix the standard of weights and measures...

"Fix" defined. "Standard" defined, n. 101. Weights and measures; metric system; act of Congress authorizing metric system, n. 102. (See Weights and Measures.) STATE of the Union. The President shall, from time to time, give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.

STATE. A representative in Congress shall be an inhabitant of
the State in which he shall be chosen..
"Inhabitant of the State " defined, r. 20.
STATE. Each State shall have at least one representative in Con-
gress..

STATE.

When vacancies happen in the representation from a
State, the executive thereof shall issue writs of election to
fill them...

STATE. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each State, chosen by the legislature thereof

STATE. If vacancies happen in seats of senators, by resignation or
otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any State,
the executive thereof may make temporary appointments,
until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then
fill such vacancies..

STATE. A senator in Congress shall be an inhabitant of the State
for which he shall be chosen..
STATE. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for
senators and representatives shall be prescribed in each
State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may, at
any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except
as to the places of choosing senators..

STATE. NO tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any
State..

STATE. No preference shall be given, by any regulation of com-
merce or revenue, to the ports of one State over those of
another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one State be
obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another...
STATE. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder-
ation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money;
emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver
coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of at-
tainder, ex-post facto law, or law impairing the obligation
of contracts, or grant any title of nobility..

STATE, No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay
any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what
may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection
laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid
by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of
the Treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall
be subject to the revision and control of the Congress....
STATE. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any
duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of
peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another
State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless
actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not
admit of delay.

(For the extent of these inhibitions on the States, see Articles of Confederation, Art. VI. p. 11.) STATE. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legis lature thereof may direct, the electors of President and Vice-President of the United States. (See Election.).... STATE The judicial power shall extend to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of different States; between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States; and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or sub: jects

(See Judicial Power.)

STATE. In all cases in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme
Court shall have original jurisdiction..

STATE. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment,

shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the State
where the said crimes shall have been committed; but
when not committed within any State, the trial shall be
at such place or places as the Congress may by law have
directed....

(See Crimes.)

STATE. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof

STATE. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States

(See Citizens-Privileges—Immunities, notes 220, 221.)

STATE. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or
other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in
another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority
of the State from which he fled, be delivered up to be re-
moved to the State having jurisdiction of the crime.....
STATE. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the
laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence
of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such
service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the
party to whom such service or labor may be due...
(See Fugitives-Escape.)

STATE. The Congress snall have power to dispose of, and make
all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory
or other property belonging to the United States; and
nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to
prejudice any claim of the United States, or of any par-
ticular State..

STATE. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and, on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence....

State defined, n. 233, p. 242.

STATE No State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate..

STATE. The judges in every State shall be bound by the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States, any thing in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding...

STATE legislatures. The members of the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution....

(See Oath, n. 242.)

STATE. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed Amendments

STATE. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed; which district shall have been previously ascertained by law. Amendments...

STATE. In choosing the President (by the House of Representatives), the vote shall be taken by States, the representatives from each State having one vote: a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from twothirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. Amendments...

STATE. The electors shall meet in their respective States and vote, by ballot, for President and Vice-President, one of whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. Amendments..

STATES. Declared free and independent, p. 6. Articles of perpetual union between, pp. 8-9. Each retained its sovereignty, Art. I. p. 9. Entered into a firm league, Art. III p. 9. The rights of the people of the different States, Art. IV. p. 10. Rendition and records, Id. To choose delegates, Art. V. p. 10. Inhibitions

To supply a common treasury, Art. V Art. VI. p. 12.

p. 13.

STATES. Representatives in Congress to be chosen every two years by the people of the States...

STATES.

The people defined and discussed, n. 16. The qualifica-
tions of voters in each, alphabetically arranged, n. 17.
Representatives and direct taxes to be apportioned
among the several States according to their respective
numbers...

STATES entitled to representatives in the first Congress were:
New Hampshire, 3; Massachusetts, 8; Rhode Island and