QUORUM of the Senate. A quorum (for the election of Vice-
President by the Senate) shall consist of two-thirds of
the whole number of senators, and a majority of the
whole number shall be necessary to a choice. Amend-
ments.....

RATIFICATION. The ratifications of the conventions of nine States
shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitu-
tion between the States so ratifying the same.
Ratification defined, n. 242. The dates by the respect-

ive States, n. 252, p. 253. Of the Constitutions of the
rebel States by a majority of registered voters, n. 276,
p. 255.

READ, GEO GE, of Randolph, Delaware. Signed the Declaration
of Independence, p. 7.

REBEL STATES The grounds of excluding their delegations from
Congress, n. 46. Act to provide for the government of,
n. 276, p. 252 (Caption).
Divided into military districts,
Id. § 2. When the people of, shall have formed constitu-
tions, n. 274, p. 283, § 5. The governments of, deemed pro-
visional, Id. § 6. Supplementary act in relation to, n. 274,
p. 283.
Explanatory section, Id. § 1. Registration of
voters in, Id. All elections in, to be by ballot, p. 286,
§ 1. Relative to the rebel States, n. 254, p. 286, Preamble.
Their governments were subject to military authority,
n. 284, p. 286, § 1. Power to remove officers of their govern-
ments, Id. § 2, p. 287, § 3, 4, p. 28S, § S. Duties of the
boards of registration in the, explained, n. 287, § 5. The
disqualification as to voters in, explained, Id. § 6. All the
acts interpreted liberally, Id. § 11. Appropriations for,
p. 288. The objects of the acts explained, notes 277-285.

1 9 2

The status of their inhabitants during the rebellion, notes
46, 117, 118. Their Confederacy was not a de facto govern-
ment, notes 211, 212, 215. The examples in history, n. 235.
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Mis-
sissippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Florida, Texas, and Arkan-
sas, declared to be rebel States, n. 276, pp. 282, 286.
Divided into military districts, n. 276, p. 282, § 1.
The President to assign commanders to the districts,
Id. 3. The duty of the commanders to protect persons
and property, to su press insurrections, &c., Id. § 3.
Persons under military arrest to be tried without
delay, Id. § 4. How the people are to frame and ratify
their Constitutions, Id. p. 283, § 5. To ratify the four-
teenth constitutional amendment, Id. The exclusion
from the polls and from office, Id. § 5, 6. The govern-
ments all, declared provisional, Id. § 6. The first supple-
mentary act in regard to the rebel States, n. 276, p. 283,
§ 1. The oath of the voters, Id. p. 284. When and by whose
orders the elections to be held, Id. § 2. To vote for or
against a convention, Id. § 3. The boards of registration
appointed and subsequent action, n. 276, p. 285, § 4. What 14
vote requisite to the ratification of the Constitution, Id.
§ 5. Expenses, how paid, p. 276, § 7, 8. "Article" con-
strued to mean section, Id. § 9. Second supplementary 14
act in regard to the rebel States, n. 276, p. 286. Explana-
tory as to the legality of their governments, Id. § 1. The
power of the commanders to remove or suspend from
office, Id. § 2. The general of the armies invested with
full power, n. 276, p. 287, § 3. Confirmation and further
powers of removal, Id. § 4. Powers of the boards of
registration in ascertaining qualifications, p. 287, § 5. Ex-
planatory as to disqualifications, Id. § 6. Time for regis-
tration extended, p. 288, § 7. The commanding general
may change the boards, Id. § 8 Oath of the boards, § 9.
Not bound by the opinions of civil officers, Id. § 10. The
acts to be construed liberally. Id. § 11. Appropriations for
expenses, n. 276, p. 288, § 1. The registered voters under

41, 252

80, 140

49, 280

48, 280

1 9 7

81, 151

2

these acts. n. 278. Compared with the vote of 1860, Id. The action of the conventions, Id. p. 29. (See Rebellion, Reconstruction.) REBELLION. The effects of, upon the States and the people. Pref. p. xiii. How it affects the qualifications of senators and members of Congress, n. 46. During the, it was a state of war, n. 117. Is a civil war, Id. The cotton captured during the, was lawful prize, n. 118, p. 129. The army at the close of, was one million of men, n. 124. Synonymous with insurrection, n. 132, p. 135. The militia called forth to suppress it. n. 135. The effects of the President's pardon of, n. 174, p. 174. History of some of the States in regard to, n. 255. Results of, as to slavery and reconstruction, notes 274-286.

REBELLION. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.

(See Privilege, n. 140; Habeas Corpus, n. 141.) Suspended during the rebellion of the Southern States, n. 141, p. 143, § 1. The Proclamation suspending, n. 141, pp. 143, 144. (See Writ, notes 140, 141.)

REBELLION. The debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned...

But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion..

Remarks upon this section, n. 282. The amount of the Confederate debt, n. 282. Oath that he has not been disfranchised for participation in any rebellion, n. 276, p. 284. When the right to vote is denied except for participation in the rebellion. Art. XIV. § 2, note thereon, n. 281. REBELS. The effect of the President's pardon of, n. 174, p. 174. RECEIPTS and expenditures. A regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time...

RECESS of the Senate. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of their next session.

....

This power controlled by the tenure of office law, n. 284, p. 150, $5. The Constitution explained, n. 185.

RECOMMEND to Congress. The President shall from time to time recomiend to the consideration of Congress such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.. RECONSIDERED. Bills returned with objections by the President of the United States to be reconsidered by the two houses of Congress, and if approved by two-thirds of both houses, shall become a law..

RECONSIDERED. Any order, resolu.ion, or vote, returned with objections by the President, may be reconsidered, and repassed by two-thirds of both houses.

RECONSTRUCTION. The effect of the, acts upon the independent power of the houses, n. 46. The President's vetoes of what are called the reconstruction acts, n. 67. The efforts to impeach the President for his course in regard to, n. 194. Summary as to that course, n. 94. His intimation as to his right to resist, n. 239. The several acts commonly called the reconstruction laws, n. 276. The failure of the court to take jurisdiction of the subject, n. 276. p. 281. The terms imposed by President Johnson as conditions of, n. 276, p. 251. The purpose to establish loyal and State governinents, n. 276, p. 282. The terms of restoration, n. 276, p. 283, § 5. Until then they are provisional governments, Id. § 6. Mode of registration and practice, Id. p. 284. § 1-9. The local governments placed subject to the military commanders, n. 276, p. 256. The President's opposition to those laws, n. 234. (See Rebel States, n. 276.)

RECORDS. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings, of every other State; and the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings, shall be proved, and the effect thereof

Records defined, n. 218, p. 213. Act of Congress for proving judicial records, n. 219, § 1. For proving records not judicial, n. 219, p. 221, § 1. Civil law deeds, how proved, Id. The act extended to the Territories, n. 219, p. 222. § 2. REDRESS of grievances. Congress shall make no law abridging the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Amendments..

(See Grievances.)

REED, JOSEPH, of Pennsylvania. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

REGULATE To coin money and regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin

See a history of the regulations, n. 99. To fix is to regulate, n. 100.

REGULATION. No person held to service or labor, escaping into another State, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation of such State, be discharged from such service or labor..

(See Fugitives, &c., notes 223-228.) REGULATIONS. If a prisoner be held by any, habeas corpus suspended as to, n. 141, p. 143.

REGULATIONS for the election of senators and representatives.
(See Senators.).......

REGULATIONS. The Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdic-
tion in certain cases, both as to law and fact, with such
exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress
shall make
REGULATIONS. The Congress shall have power to dispose of, and
make, all needful rules and regulations respecting the ter-
ritory and other property belonging to the United States.
Regulations of the post-office department, n. 106.
RELIGION. Congress shall make no law respecting an establish-
ment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
Amendments.

Religion defined, n. 245. The object, Id. No restraint
on the States, n. 245, p. 255. All sects tolerated, Id. The
Christian, is not a part of the common law, Id.

RELIGION.

Against all force or attacks made against the States on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretence, Confed. Art. III. p. 9.

RELIGIOUS test. No religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United

States..

In the sense of, 25 Stat. Charles II. n. 242, p. 251 REMEDY. Laws which only affect the, do not impair contracts, n. 161. But the validity and remedy may be inseparable, n. 157 p. 156.

REMOVAL. The commanding generals of military districts may remove State officers in the rebel States, n. 276, p. 286, §2. The commanding general may remove when, Id. p. 287, 3. Removals approved and authorized, Id. § 4. REMOVAL. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under the United States

Doubtful if it can be less, n. 40. Touches neither person nor property, n. 40.

REMOVAL. In case of the removal of the President from office, it

REMOVAL. In case of removal, both of the President and VicePresident, the Congress may by law provide, declaring what officer shall then act as President

The act of Congress providing for the case, n. 172, § 8, 9. REMOVED from office. All civil officers of the United States shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misde

meanors.

(See Civil Officers, n. 191; Crimes-Misdemeanors—
Impeachment, notes 192-194.)
When vacancies happen in the representation
from any State, the executive thereof shall issue writs of
election to fill them

REPRESENTATION.

Full note upon this subject, n. 25. REPRESENTATION. When the rebel States shall be entitled to, n. 276, p. 282, § 5. Until so entitled all civil governments to be considered provisional, Id. § 6. (See Rebel States.) REPRESENTATION. But when the right to vote shall be denied to any class, &c., the basis of representation shall be reduced in proportion, &c...

Note upon this section, n. 281.

REPRESENTATIVE. No person shall be a representative unless 25 years old, been seven years a citizen of the United States, and, when elected, an inhabitant of the same State. (See Qualifications, n. 46.)

REPRESENTATIVE numbers include all free persons, those bound to service for a term of years, Indians taxed, and three-fifths of all other persons (slaves), all to be enumerated every ten years, &e...

(See Amendments, Art. 14, § 2, p. 279.)

REPRESENTATIVE. No senator or-shall, during the time for
which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office
under the authority of the United States, which shall
have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have
been increased during such time: and no person holding
any office under the United States shall be a member of
either house during his continuance in office...........
(See Office.)

REPRESENTATIVE. No representative shall be appointed an elec-
tor of President or Vice-President of the United States..
REPRESENTATIVES. No person shall be a senator or repre-
sentative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-
President, or hold any office, civil or military, under
the United States, or under any State, who, having
previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as
any officer of the United States, or as a member of any
State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of
any State, to support the Constitution of the United
States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion
against the same; or given aid or comfort to the enemies
thereof. But Congress mav, by a vote of two-thirds of
each house, remove such disability

.....

Comments upon this section, notes 276, 281. REPRESENTATIVES. Congress shall consist of a Senate and House

of representatives...

REPRESENTATIVES. Members of the House of Representatives to be chosen every second year by the people... REPRESENTATIVES in Congress. Qualifications of electors of representatives in Congress the same as for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature. REPRESENTATIVES and direct taxes to be apportioned among the States according to their respective numbers.. REPRESENTATIVES shall not exceed one for every 30,000, but each State shall have at least one representative. REPRESENTATIVES allowed in first Congress for each of the thirteen States

For each of the thirty-three States, by the census of 1860, n. 24, pp. 68, 69.

REPRESENTATIVES.

The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers.. REPRESENTATIVES. The House of Representatives shall have the

sole power of impeachment... REPRESENTATIVES. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators and representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law. make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators.. REPRESENTATIVES. The House of

Shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members.....

A majority thereof shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties, as that house may provide

May determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member..

Shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members on any question shall, at the desire of onefifth of those present, be entered on the journal..

Shall not, during the session of Congress, without the consent of the Senate, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting

REPRESENTATIVES. The Senators and

Shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States

They shall, in all cases except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place.

REPRESENTATIVES. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in
the House of Representatives; but the Senate may pro-
pose, or concur with, amendments, as on other bills..
REPRESENTATIVES. Every bill, order, resolution, or vote (except
on a question of adjournment), originating in either house
of Congress, shall be presented to the President of the
United States. (For proceedings see Bill-Resolution.)..
REPRESENTATIVES in Congress, and members of State legislatures,

shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this
Constitution..

REPRIEVES. The President shall have power to grant reprieves..
Reprieves defined, n. 177.

REPRISAL. Congress shall have power to grant letters of marque
and reprisal

Reprisal defined and discussed, n. 121.

This power

was in Congress under the Confederation, Art. IX. p. 14. REPRISAL. No State shall grant letters of marque and reprisal... Because this is a national power, n. 152.

REPUBLICAN. The United States shall guarantee to every State in
this Union, a republican form of government..
Republican defined, n. 233, p. 243. A government of
the people, Id.

REPUBLICAN governments in the rebel States. To enable the rebel
States to establish republican governments, n. 256, p. 282,
preamble. Inquiry as to whether Maryland has, n. 46. (See
Rebel States.)

RESERVED rights. (See Retained Rights.) Amendments.
RESERVED powers. The powers not delegated to the United

States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the

45, 268