Philosophy in the Ancient World: An IntroductionRowman & Littlefield, 2005 - 386 pages Philosophy in the Ancient World: An Introduction_an intellectual history of the ancient world from the eighth century B.C.E. to the fifth century C.E., from Homer to Boethius_describes and evaluates ancient thought in its cultural setting, showing how it affected and was affected by that setting. The greatest philosophers (Parmenides, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine) and cultural figures (Homer, Euripides, Thucydides, Archimedes) and a number of lesser ones (Hesiod, Posidonius, Basil) receive careful description and evaluation. Philosophy in the Ancient World is ideally suited as a supplement for undergraduate courses in Ancient Philosophy and the History of Philosophy in the West. |
Contents
I Why Ancient Philosophy | |
II Qualities of the Greek Mind Conducive to Philosophy | |
Homer and Hesiod | |
B HESIOD | |
IV Why Homer and Hesiod Are Not Philosophy | |
V Other Conditions Affecting the Birth of Philosophy | |
B ARCHITECTURE AND ART | |
IV Aristotles Four Causes | |
V Aristotles Response to Parmenides | |
VI The Prime Mover as Aristotles Deity | |
VII Aristotles Philosophy of Science | |
B WHERE KNOWLEDGE COMES FROM | |
C MISTAKES PEOPLE MAKE ABOUT KNOWLEDGE | |
D UNQUALIFIED KNOWLEDGE | |
VIII Aristotles Ethics | |
VI How and Where Philosophy Began | |
VII The Branches of Philosophy | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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I By What Name Shall We Call the Milesian Thinkers? | |
II How Do We Know about the Early Thinkers? | |
Thales Anaximander Anaximenes | |
B ANAXIMANDER 610546 | |
C ANAXIMENES 585528 | |
IV General Remarks on the Milesians | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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I Italy | |
III Xenophanes | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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I The Turn of the Century | |
II Heraclitus | |
A PARMENIDES | |
B ZENO AND MELISSUS | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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I The Persian Wars | |
II Rhetoric and Sophistry | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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I Medicine | |
II Tragedy Marcus Aurelius writing of the origin and use of tragedy says | |
III History | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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I Empedocles | |
II Anaxagoras | |
III Democritus | |
IV Summing Up the Early Philosophers | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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I Socrates | |
II Thucydides | |
III Euripides | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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I Rhetoric | |
II Extemporaneous and Prepared Speeches | |
III Isocrates 436338 | |
IV Rhetoric and Philosophy | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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I Plato 428348 BCE | |
II Reading Platonic Dialogues | |
III A Compendium of Views Associated with Plato | |
A METAPHYSICS | |
B ETHICS | |
C POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY | |
D EROS | |
E TELEOLOGY | |
F OTHER VIEWS | |
IV Platos Academy | |
V After Plato | |
Notes | |
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I Introduction | |
II Logic | |
III Aristotles Ten Categories | |
B MATTER AND FORM | |
C ACTUALITY AND POTENTIALITY | |
K ADDITIONAL THOUGHTS ON ACTUALITY AND POTENTIALITY | |
B THE DOCTRINE OF THE MEAN AND THE VIRTUES | |
C FRIENDSHIP | |
D PLEASURE | |
IX Aristotles Psychology | |
X Aristotles Legacy | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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I Alexander and His Aftermath | |
H Intellectual Developments | |
A MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY | |
B BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES | |
C CITY PLANNING | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
I Introduction | |
B PYRRHO OF ELIS C 360275 | |
III Epicureanism | |
B EPICURUSS SYSTEM | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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I Introduction | |
II Cynics | |
III The Early Stoa | |
B ZENOS SUCCESSORS | |
C THE MIDDLE STOA | |
IV Tenets of Stoicism | |
B LOGIC | |
C STOIC PHYSICS AND ITS RELATION TO ETHICS | |
D ETHICS | |
E ASSORTED STOIC VIEWS | |
V Roman Stoicism | |
B EPICTETUS 55135 | |
C MARCUS AURELIUS 121180 | |
VI Concluding Remarks on Stoicism | |
Notes | |
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I Rome | |
II Cicero the Man | |
Ill Cicero the Thinker | |
IV Ciceros Legacy | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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1 The World at the Turn of the Millennium | |
II Philo of Alexandria | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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I The War of Politics and Philosophy | |
II Cultural Decline and Its Explanations | |
III The City on a Hill | |
IV Christianity and Philosophy | |
Minucius Felix and Basil of Caesarea | |
B BASIL OF CAESAREA 330379 | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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I Neoplatonism | |
II Plotinus 205270 | |
III Christian Philosophy | |
IV Augustine 354430 | |
A AUGUSTINES CONVERSION TO PHILOSOPHY | |
B AUGUSTINES MANICHAEAN PERIOD | |
C AUGUSTINES NEOPLATONIST PERIOD | |
D AUGUSTINES CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY | |
E CONCLUSIONS ABOUT AUGUSTINE | |
VI Heresy and the End of Ancient Philosophy | |
VII Concluding Remarks | |
Discussion Questions | |
Notes | |
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GLOSSARY | |
About the Author | |
About the Illustrator | |
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Common terms and phrases
Achilles actually Alexander Anaxagoras Anaximander ancient philosophy argument Arieti Aristotle Aristotle's Athenians Athens atoms Augustine beauty body Boethius called Cambridge cause century Christian Cicero claim Classical culture death debate deity Democritus desire dialogues Diogenes Laertius DISCUSSION QUESTIONS divine Empedocles Epicureanism Epicurus ethics Euripides everything example exist frag gods Greece Greek Hellenistic Heraclitus Herodotus Hesiod Homer human idea intellectual Isocrates kind knowledge living logic logos mathematics matter means metaphor Metaphysics Miletus mind motion nature Neoplatonism Oxford pagan Parmenides Peloponnesian perhaps Persian Wars person persuasive Philo physical Plato pleasure Plotinus political premise principle problem Pyrrho Pythagoreans rational reason religion rhetoric Roman Rome seems SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY sense shows Socrates sophists soul speech Stoic Stoicism story teaching Thales theory things thinkers thought Thucydides tion trans translation true truth understand University Press views virtue word writing Xenophanes Zeno