ance with such regulations as he shall prescribe, by increasing the amounts of direct grants authorized under this section or by the payment of funds appropriated under this chapter to the heads of the departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the Federal Government responsible for the administration of the applicable Federal programs. Notwithstanding any requirement as to the amount or sources of non-Federal funds that may otherwise be applicable to the Federal program involved, funds provided under this subsection shall be used for the sole purpose of increasing the Federal contribution to specific projects in redevelopment areas under such programs above the fixed maximum portion of the cost of such project otherwise authorized by the applicable law. The term "designated Federal grant-in-aid programs," as used in this subsection, means such existing or future Federal grant-in-aid programs assisting in the construction or equipping of facilities as the Secretary may, in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, designate as eligible for allocation of funds under this section. In determining the amount of any supplementary grant available to any project under this section, the Secretary shall take into consideration the relative needs of the area, the nature of the project to be assisted, and the amount of such fair user charges or other revenues as the project may reasonably be expected to generate in excess of those which would amortize the local share of initial costs and provide for its successful operation and maintenance (including depreciation).

(d) Rules and regulations; consideration of unemployment and underemployment in determining rules.

The Secretary shall prescribe rules, regulations, and procedures to carry out this section which will assure that adequate consideration is given to the relative needs of eligible areas. In prescribing such rules, regulations, and procedures the Secretary shall consider among other relevant factors (1) the severity of the rates of unemployment in the eligible areas and the duration of such unemployment and (2) the income levels of families and the extent of underemployment in eligible areas.

(e) Competition with regulated public utilities.

Except for projects specifically authorized by Congress, no financial assistance shall be extended under this section with respect to any public service or development facility which would compete with an existing privately owned public utility rendering a service to the public at rates or charges subject to regulation by a State or Federal regulatory body, unless the State or Federal regulatory body determines that in the area to be served by the facility for which the financial assistance is to be extended there is a need for an increase in such service (taking into consideration reasonably foreseeable future needs) which the existing public utility is not able to meet through its existing facilities or through an expansion which it agrees to undertake.

(f) Review and comment upon projects by local governmental authorities.

The Secretary shall prescribe regulations which will assure that appropriate local governmental authorities have been given a reasonable opportunity to review and comment upon proposed projects under this section. (Pub. L. 89-136, title I, § 101, Aug. 26, 1965, 79 Stat. 522; Pub. L. 91-123, title III, § 301(1), Nov. 25, 1969, 83 Stat. 219.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (a) (1) (A), is classified to chapter 34 of this title. The Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act, as amended, referred to in subsec. (a) (2), is classified to chapter 18 of Title 16, Conservation.

Flood Control Act of December 22, 1944, as amended and supplemented, is classified principally to chapter 15 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters.

AMENDMENTS

1969 Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91-123 authorized the Secretary to waive in whole or part the 20 per centum nonFederal share requirement for project grants to Indian tribes.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 3171, 3220, 3221, 3222, 3223 of this title.

§ 3132. Additional grants to areas of substantial unemployment during preceding calendar year; annual review of eligibility.

(a) In addition to the assistance otherwise authorized, the Secretary is authorized to make grants in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter to those areas which the Secretary of Labor determines, on the basis of average annual available unemployment statistics, were areas of substantial unemployment during the preceding calendar year.

(b) Areas designated under the authority of this section shall be subject to an annual review of eligibility in accordance with section 3162 of this title, and to all of the rules, regulations, and procedures applicable to redevelopment areas except as the Secretary may otherwise prescribe by regulation. (Pub. L. 89-136, title I, § 102, Aug. 26, 1965, 79 Stat. 554.)

§ 3133. Limitation of funds expended in any one State. Not more than 15 per centum of the appropriations made pursuant to this subchapter may be expended in any one State. (Pub. L. 89–136, title I, § 103, Aug. 26, 1965, 79 Stat. 554.)

§ 3135. Authorization of appropriations.

There is hereby authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter not to exceed $500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, and for each fiscal year thereafter through the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971. (Pub. L. 89-136, title I, § 105, Aug. 26, 1965, 79 Stat. 544; Pub. L. 91-123, title III, § 301(2), Nov. 25, 1969, 83 Stat. 219; Pub. L. 91-304, § 1(a), July 6, 1970, 84 Stat. 375.)

AMENDMENTS

1970-Pub. L. 91-304 extended the authorization of appropriations from the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970 to the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971.

1969-Pub. L. 91-123 extended the authorization of appropriations from the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969 to the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970.

§ 3136. Sewer and other waste disposal facilities; certification by Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency regarding adequate treatment prior to discharge into streams.

No financial assistance, through grants, loans, guarantees, or otherwise, shall be made under this chapter to be used directly or indirectly for sewer or other waste disposal facilities unless the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency certifies to the Secretary that any waste material cerried by such facilities will be adequately treated before it is discharged into any public waterway so as to meet applicable Federal, State, interstate, or local water quality standards. (Pub. L. 89-136, title I, § 106, Aug. 26, 1965, 79 Stat. 554; 1966 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 1 (h) (3), eff. May 10, 1966, 31 F.R. 6857,

80 Stat. 1608; 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 3, § 2(a) (1), eff. Dec. 2, 1970, 35 F.R. 15623, 84 Stat. -.)

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

Protection

"Administrator of the Environmental Agency" was substituted for "Secretary of the Interior" pursuant to 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 3, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which abolished the Federal Water Quality Administration in the Department of the Interior and transferred to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency all functions which had been transferred to the Secretary of the Interior from the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1966.

Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare was changed to Secretary of the Interior pursuant to section 1(h)(3) of 1966 Reorg. Plan No. 2, eff. May 10, 1966, 31 F.R. 6857, 80 Stat. 1608, set out in the Appendix to Title 5. Government Organization and Employees, which transferred to the Secretary of the Interior the functions of the Secretary of Health, Education. and Welfare under this section.

Findings and statement of purpose.

*

This Act may be cited as the "Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965".

SHORT TITLE OF 1967 AMENDMENTS Section 101 of Pub. L. 90-103, title I, Oct. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 257, provided that: "This title [which enacted sections 109 and 207, and amended sections 102, 105, 106(7), 201, 202, 203(1), 204, 205, 206 (g), 211, 212(b), 214, 221, 223, 224, 302, 303, 401, and 403 of the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965, and amended section 461 of this title and section 5334 (a) of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees] may be cited as the 'Appalachian Regional Development Act Amendments of 1967'."

§ 2. Findings and statement of purpose.

The Congress hereby finds and declares that the Appalachian region of the United States, while abundant in natural resources and rich in potential, lags behind the rest of the Nation in its economic growth and that its people have not shared properly in the Nation's prosperity. The region's uneven past development, with its historical reliance on a few basic industries and a marginal agriculture, has failed to provide the economic base that is a vital prerequisite for vigorous, self-sustaining growth. The State and local governments and the people of the region understand their problems and have been working and will continue to work purposefully toward their solution. The Congress recognizes the comprehensive report of the President's Appalachian Regional Commission documenting these findings

and concludes that regionwide development is feasible, desirable, and urgently needed. It is, therefore, the purpose of this Act to assist the region in meeting its special problems, to promote its economic development, and to establish a framework for joint Federal and State efforts toward providing the basic facilities essential to its growth and attacking its common problems and meeting its common needs on a coordinated and concerted regional basis. The public investments made in the region under this Act shall be concentrated in areas where there is a significant potential for future growth, and where the expected return on public dollars invested will be the greatest. The States will be responsible for recommending local and State projects, within their borders, which will receive assistance under this Act. As the region obtains the needed physical and transportation facilities and develops its human resources, the Congress expects that the region will generate a diversified industry, and that the region will then be able to support itself, through the workings of a strengthened free enterprise economy. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 205, 402, 403 of this Appendix.

*

§ 203. Land stabilization, conservation, and erosion control.

(a) In order to provide for the control and prevention of erosion and sediment damages in the Appalachian region and to promote the conservation and development of the soil and water resources of the region, the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to enter into agreements of not more than ten years with landowners, operators, and occupiers, individually or collectively, in the Appalachian region determined by him to have control for the period of the agreement of the lands described therein, providing

for land stabilization, erosion and sediment control, and reclamation through changes in land use, and conservation treatment including the establishment of practices and measures for the conservation and development of soil, water, woodland, wildlife, and recreation resources.

(b) The landowner, operator, or occupier shall furnish to the Secretary of Agriculture a conservation and development plan setting forth the appropriate and safe land uses and conservation treatment mutually agreed by the Secretary and the landowner operator, or occupier to be needed on the lands for which the plan was prepared.

(c) Such plan shall be incorporated in an agreement under which the landowner, operator, or occupier shall agree with the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out the land uses and conservation treatment provided for in such plan on the lands described in the agreement in accordance with the terms and conditions thereof.

(d) In return for such agreement by the landowner, operator, or occupier the Secretary of Agriculture shall be authorized to furnish financial and other assistance to such landowner, operator, or occupier in such amounts and subject to such conditions as the Secretary determines are appropriate and in the public interest for the carrying out of the land uses and conservation treatment set forth in the agreement: Provided, That grants hereunder shall not exceed 80 per centum of the cost of carrying out such land uses and conservation treatment on fifty acres of land occupied by such owner, operator, or occupier.

(e) The Secretary of Agriculture may terminate any agreement with a landowner, operator or occupier by mutual agreement if the Secretary determines that such termination would be in the public interest, and may agree to such modification of agreements previously entered into hereunder as he deems desirable to carry out the purposes of this section or to facilitate the practical administration of the program authorized herein.

(f) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Agriculture, to the extent he deems it desirable to carry out the purposes of this section, may provide in any agreement hereunder for (1) preservation for a period not to exceed the period covered by the agreement and an equal period thereafter of the cropland, crop acreage, and allotment history applicable to land covered by the agreement for the purpose of any Federal program under which such history is used as a basis for an allotment or other limitation on the production of such crop; or (2) surrender of any such history and allotments.

(g) The Secretary of Agriculture shall be authorized to issue such rules and regulations as he determines are necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

(h) In carrying out the provisions of this section, the Secretary of Agriculture shall utilize the services of the Soil Conservation Service, and the State and local committees provided for in section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, and is authorized to utilize the facilities, services, and authorities of the Commodity Credit Corporation. The Corporation shall not make any expenditures to carry

out the provisions of this subsection unless funds specifically appropriated for such purpose have been transferred to it.

(i) Not to exceed $19,000,000 of the funds authorized in section 401 of this Act for the two-fiscal-year period ending June 30, 1969, shall be available to carry out this section .(As amended Pub. L. 90-103, title I, § 108, Oct. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 260.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

Section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, referred to in subsec. (h), is classified to section 590h (b) of Title 16, Conservation.

AMENDMENTS

1967-Subsec. (1). Pub. L. 90-103 substituted provisions for availability of $19,000,000 for two-fiscal-year period ending June 30, 1969, for former provisions for availability of $17,000,000 for period ending June 30, 1967, as provided in former provisions of section 401 of the Act. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 401 of this Appendix.

*

§ 205. Mining area restoration.

(a) In order to further the economic development of the region by rehabilitating areas presently damaged by deleterious mining practices, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to

(1) make financial contributions to States in the region to seal and fill voids in abandoned coal mines and abandoned oil and gas wells, and to reclaim and rehabilitate lands affected by the strip and surface mining and processing of coal and other minerals, including lands affected by waste piles, in accordance with provisions of the Act of July 15, 1955 to the extent applicable, without regard to section 2(b) thereof or to any provisions therein limiting assistance to anthracite coal formation, or to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Grants under this paragraph shall be made wholly out of funds specifically appropriated for the purposes of carrying out this Act.

(2) plan and execute projects for extinguishing underground and outcrop mine fires in the region or to make grants to the States for carrying out such projects, in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Act of August 31, 1954, without regard to any provisions therein relating in annual appropriation authorization ceilings. Grants under this paragraph shall be made solely out of funds specifically appropriated for the purpose of carrying out this Act.

(b) For the fiscal years 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, and 1971, notwithstanding any other provisions of law, the Federal share of mining area restoration projects, including reasonable planning and engineering costs, carried out under subsection (a) of this section and conducted on lands other than federally owned lands shall not exceed 75 per centum of the total cost thereof. The non-Federal share of the total cost of any project carried out under subsection (a) of this section may include reasonable land acquisition costs incurred in acquiring land necessary for the purposes of implementing such project, if such land is acquired after the date of enactment of the Appalachian Regional Development Act Amendments of 1967 [Oct. 11, 1967].

(c) The Congress hereby declares its intent to provide for a study of a comprehensive, long-range program for the purpose of reclaiming and rehabilitating strip and surface mining areas in the United States. To this general end, the Secretary of the Interior shall, in full cooperation with the Secretary of Agriculture, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and other appropriate Federal, State, and local departments and agencies, and with the Commission, make a survey and study of strip and surface mining operations and their effects in the United States. The Secretary of the Interior shall submit to the President his recommendations for a long-range comprehensive program for reclamation and rehabilitation of strip and surface mining areas in the United States and for the policies under which the program should be conducted, and the President shall submit these to the Congress, together with his recommendations, not later than July 1, 1967. By July 1, 1966, the Secretary shall make an interim report to the Commission summarizing his findings to that date on those aspects of strip and surface mining operations in the region that are most urgently in need of attention. Such study and recommendations shall include, but not be limited to, a consideration of the following matters-

(1) the nature and extent of strip and surface mining operation in the United States and the conditions resulting therefrom;

(2) the ownership of the real property involved in strip and surface mining operations;

(3) the effectiveness of past action by States or local units of government to remedy the adverse effects of strip and surface mining operation by financial or regulatory measures, and requirements for appropriate State legislation, including adequate enforcement thereof, to provide for proper reclamation and rehabilitation of areas which may be strip and surface mined in the future;

(4) the public interest in and public benefits which may result from reclamation, rehabilitation, and appropriate development and use of areas subjected to strip and surface mining operations, including (A) economic development growth, (B) public recreation, (C) public health and safety, (D) water pollution, stream sedimentation, erosion control, and flood control, (E) highway programs, (F) fish and wildlife protection and restoration, (G) scenic values, and (H) forestry and agriculture;

(5) the appropriate roles of Federal, State, and private interests in the reclamation and rehabilitation of strip and surface mining areas and the relative costs to be borne by each, including specific consideration of (A) the extent, if any, to which strip and surface mine operators are unable to bear the cost of remedial action within the limits imposed by the economics of such mining activity, and (B) the extent to which the prospective value of lands and other natural resources, after remedial work has been completed, would be inadequate to justify the landowners doing the remedial work at their expense; and

(6) the objectives and the total overall costs of a program for accomplishing the reclamation and rehabilitation of existing strip and surface mining

areas in the United States, giving adequate consideration to (A) the economic benefits in relation to costs, (B) the prevention of future devastation of reclaimed and rehabilitated areas, (C) the avoidance of unwarranted financial gain to private owners of improved property, and (D) the types of aid required to accomplish such reclamation and rehabilitation.

(d) Not to exceed $30,000,000 of the funds authorized in section 401 of this Act for the two-fiscalyear period ending June 30, 1969, shall be available to carry out this section. No moneys authorized by this Act shall be expended for the purposes or reclaiming, improving, grading, seeding, or reforestation of strip-mined areas (except on lands owned by Federal, State, or local bodies of government) until authorized by law after completion of the study and report to the President as provided in subsection (c) of this section. (As amended Pub. L. 90-103, title I, § 110, Oct. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 261; Pub. L. 91-123, title I, § 105, Nov. 25, 1969, 83 Stat. 215.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

Act of July 15, 1955, referred to in subsec. (a) (1), is classified to chapter 14 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining. Section 2(b) of the Act is classified to section 572(b) of Title 30.

Act of August 31, 1954, referred to in subsec. (a) (2), is classified to chapter 13 of Title 30.

AMENDMENTS

1969-Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 91-123, § 105(a), authorized grants to be made to States for planning, and execution of projects for the extinguishment of underground and outcrop mine fires.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91-123, § 105(b), extended the Federal share provisions for mining area restoration programs to fiscal years 1970 and 1971.

1967-Subsec. (a) (1). Pub. L. 90-103, § 110(a), authorized contributions to seal and fill voids in abandoned oil and gas wells and substituted "lands affected by the strip and surface mining and processing of coal and other minerals, including lands affected by waste piles" for "existing strip and surface mine areas".

Subsec. (a) (3). Pub. L. 90-103, § 110(b), struck out subsec. (a) (3) which contained an authorization for expansion and acceleration of fish and wildlife restoration projects in the region in accordance with Act Sept. 2, 1937, and Act Aug. 9, 1950, without regard to any provisions therein for apportionments among the States and to limitations on availability of funds, provision for payment of project expenses out of specific appropriations to carry out the Act, and, provisions for disregarding such expenses in computation of apportionments among the States pursuant to other provisions of law.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90-103, § 110(c), made the Federal share provisions applicable for fiscal years 1968, and 1969, included as project items reasonable planning and engineering costs, and provided for the non-Federal share of the cost of projects.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90-103, § 110 (d), substituted provisions for availability of $30,000,000 for two-fiscal-year period ending June 30, 1969, for former provisions for availability of $36,500,000 for period ending June 30, 1967, as provided in former provisions of section 401 of the Act. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 401 of this Appendix.

§ 206. Water resource survey.

(a) The Secretary of the Army is hereby authorized and directed to prepare a comprehensive plan for the development and efficient utilization of the water and related resources of the Appalachian re

gion, giving special attention to the need for an increase in the production of economic goods and services within the region as a means of expanding economic opportunities and thus enhancing the welfare of its people, which plan shall constitute an integral and harmonious component of the regional economic development program authorized by this Act.

(b) This plan may recommend measures for the control of floods, the regulation of the rivers to enhance their value as sources of water supply for industrial and municipal development, the generation of hydroelectric power, the prevention of water pollution by drainage from mines, the development and enhancement of the recreational potentials of the region, the improvement of the rivers for navigation where this would further industrial development at less cost than would the improvement of other modes of transportation, the conservation and efficient utilization of the land resource, and such other measures as may be found necessary to achieve the objectives of this section.

(c) To insure that the plan prepared by the Secretary of the Army shall constitute a harmonious component of the regional program, he shall consult with the Commission and the following: the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Secretary of the Interior, Secretary of Transportation, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the Federal Power Commission.

(d) The plan prepared pursuant to this section shall be submitted to the Commission. The Commission shall submit the plan to the President with a statement of its views, and the President shall submit the plan to the Congress with his recommendations not later than December 31, 1968.

(e) The Federal agencies referred to in subsection (c) of this section are hereby authorized to assist the Secretary of the Army in the preparation of the plan authorized by this section, and the Secretary of the Army is authorized to enter into and perform such contracts, leases, cooperative agreements, or other transactions as may be necessary to the preparation of this plan and on such terms as he may deem appropriate, with any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States or with any State, or any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, or with any person, firm, association, or corporation.

(f) The plan to be prepared by the Secretary of the Army pursuant to this section shall also be coordinated with all comprehensive river basin plans heretofore or hereafter developed by United States study commissions, interagency committees, or similar planning bodies, for those river systems draining the Appalachian region.

(g) Not to exceed $2,000,000 of the funds authorized in section 401 of this Act for the two-fiscalyear period ending June 30, 1969, shall be available to carry out this section. (As amended Pub. L. 89-670, § 8(c), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 943; Pub. L. 90-103, title I, § 111, Oct. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 261.)

AMENDMENTS

1967-Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 90-103 substituted provisions for availability of $2,000,000 for two-fiscal-year period ending June 30, 1969, for former provisions for

availability of $5,000,000 for period ending June 30, 1967, as provided in former provisions of section 401 of the Act. 1966 Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–670 added the Secretary of Transportation to the list of officers with whom the Secretary of the Army is required to consult.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1966 AMENDMENT

Amendment of section by Pub. L. 89-670 effective 90 days after the Secretary of Transportation first takes office, or on any earlier date after Oct. 15, 1966, as the * * * *

§ 212. Sewage treatment works.

(a) In order to provide facilities to assist in the prevention of pollution of the region's streams and to protect the health and welfare of its citizens, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency is authorized to make grants for the construction of sewage treatment works in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, without regard to any provisions therein relating to appropriation authorization ceilings or to allotments among the States. Grants under this section shall be made solely out of funds specifically appropriated for the purpose of carrying out this Act, and shall not be taken into account in the computation of the allotments among the States pursuant to any other provision of law.

(b) Not to exceed $6,000,000 of the funds authorized in section 401 of this Act for the two-fiscalyear period ending June 30, 1969, shall be available to carry out this section. (As amended Pub. L. 90-103, title I, § 114, Oct. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 262.)

REFERENCE IN TEXT

Federal Pollution Control Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is classified to section 1151 et seq. of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters.

CODIFICATION

"Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency" was substituted for "Secretary of the Interior" pursuant to 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 3, set out in the appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which abolished the Federal Water Quality Administration in the Department of the Interior and transferred to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency all functions of the Secretary of the Interior which had been transferred to the Secretary of the Interior by 1966 Reorg. Plan No. 2.

AMENDMENTS

1957-Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90-103 substituted provisions for availability of $6,000,000 for two-fiscal-year period ending June 30, 1969, for former provisions for availability of $6,000,000 for period ending June 30, 1967, as provided in former provisions of section 401 of the Act.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS

All functions of the Secretary of the Interior and the Department of the Interior administered through the Federal Water Quality Administration, all functions which were transferred to the Secretary of the Interior by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1966, and all functions vested in the Secretary of the Interior or the Department of the Interior by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act were transferred to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1970, § 2(a) (1), eff. Dec. 2, 1970, 35 F.R. 15623, 84 Stat., set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organizations and Employees. Functions of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under this section transferred to the Secretary of the Interior, see section 1(h) (2) of 1966 Reorg. Plan No. 2, eff. May 10, 1966, 31 F.R. 6857, 80 Stat. 1608, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.