only to American and English journals, most of which are available to many physicians and entomologists. An attempt to include even the most important of the continental papers would extend too greatly the scope of this article.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

TEXT OR REFERENCE BOOKS

BAHR, P. H. Filariasis and elephantiasis in Fiji. Witherby & Co., London, 1912. Extended report on the disease, its cause, method of transmission etc.

HEWITT, C. G. House-flies and how they spread disease, Cambridge, 1912 A popular account of the way in which the fly may carry diseases.

MCFARLAND, J. A text book upon the pathogenic bacteria and protozoa for students of medicine and physicians. Philad. & Lond. 1912, 7 ed. rev., pp. 878. A revised edition with an additional section on pathogenic Protozoa.

MINCHIN, E. A. An introduction to the study of the Protozoa with special reference to the parasitic forms. London: Edward Arnold, 1912, pp. xi+520. One of the most important books on Protozoa.

NILES, GEO. M. Pellagra, an American problem. W. B. Saunders Co., Phil 1912. An interesting and valuable monograph on the subject.

ROBERTS, STEWART R. Pellagra: history, distribution, diagnosis, prognoss, treatment, etiology. 272 pp, London, 1912. Review in Trop. Dis. Bur. Vol 1, No. 6, January 30, '13, pp. 293-294. Author inclines toward Sambon's theory cđ infection.

PROWAZEK, S. VON. Handbuch der Pathogenen Protozoan. 1st. Vol. Leipzig, 1912. Chapters on various topics by different authorities. Edited by von Prom azek. Very important.

MOSQUITOES

AUSTEN, E. E. Nomenclature of S. fasciata. Yel. Fev. Bur. Bul. Vol. II, No. 1, July, 1912, p. 3. Reasons for using this name. BALFOUR A.

Mosquito and river vessels. Lancet, Lond. April 20, 1912, I, Believes that such vessels may carry many mosquitoes and suggests methods of control.

16, pp. 1048, 1051.

BRITTON, W. E. The mosquito plague of the Connecticut coast region and how to control it. Conn. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 173, July 12. Methods of control and results expected.

BRITTON, W. E.

Mosquito control work in Connecticut in 1912. Jour. Econ Ent. Vol. 6, No. 1, Feburary 1913, pp. 89-93. Methods of draining, oiling, etc and results.

DARLING, S. T. A mosquito larvicide-disinfectant and methods of its standardization. Amer. Jour. Pub. Health, Vol. II, No. 2, February, 1912. The mosquito larvicide used by the Sanitary Department of the Canal Zone is made of crude carbolic acid of a specific gravity not greater than 0.97 and containing not less than 30 per cent tar acids. One hundred and fifty gallons crude carbolic acid heated in iroa tank, 200 pounds finely crushed and sifted rosin dissolved in this and then 30 pounds of caustic soda that has been dissolved in 6 gallons of water are added. Stirred thoroughly for a few minutes. Cost, in large quantities, 14 cents per gallon For mosquitoes use 1 part to 5 parts of water and apply with spray pump, kills in 3 to 5 minutes, loses effect after about 7 days. Pupa more resistant, not always killed. Kills Algae and Protozoa also.

DYAR, HARRISON G. Distribution of mosquitoes in North America. Proc. 7th Inter. Zool. Cong. p. 957. (Paper read 1907, pub. 1912.) Brief abstract. EDWARDS, F. W. Notes on the British Mosquitoes (Culicina) The Ent. XLV, July, 1912. Synopsis of the genera and notes on the species.

GUNASEKARA, S. T. Potassium cyanid as a larvicide. Brit. Med. Jour. 1912 No. 2678, p. 981.

HOWARD, L. O. Bats vs. mosquitoes. (Letter from Hiram Byrd.) The Can. Ent. Vol. XLIV, No. 8, 1912, p. 231. Does not believe that bats even in great numbers affect the number of mosquitoes in a locality.

JENNINGS, ALLAN H. Some problems of mosquito control in the tropics. Jour. Econ. Ent. Vol. 5, April, 1912, pp. 131-141. Notes on habits of the species. Methods of control, crude oil and "larvicide" spread with spray pump or drip barrels; killing adults in houses, bottles and "swatters."

KNAB, F. A proposal for the control of certain mosquitoes. Science XXXVII, No. 943, January 24, 1912. Only a few mosquitoes hibernate as adults. Most of them, particularly in woods and swamps, pass the winter in the egg stage. As these eggs are laid on leaves and rubbish it is suggested that the best method of control would be to gather such rubbish and burn it or place it where it could not get back into pools of water.

McCoy, G. W. Honolulu rice plantations and mosquito breeding. Pub. Health Rep. April, 12, 1912, XXVII, 15, p. 536. These plantations often serve as breeding places. Liberal flooding and stocking with fish is recommended. (See also Nos. 3, 17 and 26 of the same volume.)

MCMILLAN, M. Use of fish as sanitary measure to eliminate mosquitoes. Amer. Jour. Pub. Health. II, No. 9, September, 1912.

NICHOLLS, L. Some observations on the bionomics and breeding places of Anopheles in Saint Lucia, Brit. West Indies. Bul. Ent. Res. Vol. III, pt. 3, November, 1912, pp. 251-268. Points out the importance of being sure of the sources of the mosquitoes before applying kerosene or other substances to the water.

ORENSTEIN, A. J. Sanitary inspection of the Canal Zone. Amer. Jour. Pub. Health, Vol. II, March, 1912, pp. 145-156. Organization of force, Anti-malarial work, elimination of breeding places of Anopheles, destruction of larvæ, destruction of adults.

Anti-yellow fever work, Stegomyia not allowed to breed.

Anti-plague work, quarantine and campaign of rat destruction.

Anti-typhoid and anti-dysentery work, water supply kept pure, particular precaution against flies, no breeding places allowed. Details of all of these methods are given. (Important.)

SEIDELIN, HARALD. A note on the nomenclature of S. fasciata. Yel. Fev. Bul. Vol. I, No. 11, March, 1912. Shows reasons why this name should stand.

SMITH, JOHN B. Ridding a state of mosquitoes. Proc. Inter. Zool. Cong. (7th.) pp. 662-663. (Paper read August, 1907, pub. 1912.) Brief account of work in New Jersey.

STANTON, A. T. On the changes which occur in certain characters of Anopheles larvæ in the course of their growth. Bul. Ent. Res. Vol. III, pt. 4, December, 1912, pp. 387-391. Finds that the heretofore supposed variations are due to different stages of development.

THEOBALD, F. V. The distribution of the yellow fever mosquito (Stegomyia fasciata) and general notes on its bionomics. Int. Ent. Cong. II, pp. 145-170. WEISS, HARRY B. AND PATTERSON, R. S. Revised keys to the species of

mosquitoes and mosquito larvæ found in New Jersey. Ent. News, Vol. XXIV, No. 2, February, 1913, pp. 65-72. Tables for determining adults and larvæ.

WISE, K. S. AND MINNETT, E. P. Experiments with crude carbolic acid as a larvicide in British Guiana. Ann. Trop. Med. & Par. Vol. 6, No. 3, B. October 18, 1912. pp. 327-330. Found paraffine and petroleum useless because they blow to one side, must use a soluble form of larvicide. Crude carbolic, a teaspoonful to every 2 cubic feet of water or one oz. to 16 cu. ft. is recommended.

WISE, K. S. AND MINNETT, E. P. Experiments with crude phenol as larvicide in British Guiana. Ann. Trop. Med. & Par. VI, No. 3, October 18, 1912. Crude phenol, 1 to 20,000, kills all larvæ but not pupa in 2 hours, becomes more concentrated as pool dries up and may impregnate the ground so that the water that collects there later will be unfit for mosquito larvæ.

MALARIA

BASS, C. C. AND JOHNS, F. M. The cultivation of malaria plasmodia (Prviz and P. falciparum) in vitro. Jour. Ex. Med. XVI, No. 4, October, 1912. These species grown in cultures through one or more generations. Sexual cycle not grown Reviews and notes on these experiments occur in Jour. Ann. Med. Assn. September 21, October 12, 1912. In the N. Y. Med. Times, June, 1912 and in many other places.

CARTER, HENRY R. Anti-malarial measures for farmhouses and plantations. Pub. Health Rpts. Vol. 27, No. 49, December 6, 1912, pp. 2024-2030. Emphasizes the importance of controlling the human and insect host.

CELLI, A. Reduction of malaria in Italy. Policlinico, Rome. Government distributes quinine practically gratuitously. By this and other means excellent resul's secured. Malaria in the Andamans. Sci. Mem. by Officers of Med New ser. No. 56, 1912. A consider..tion of the carrers

CHRISTOPHERS, S. R. & San. Dpts. Govt. India. in this region.

FERMI, C. L. AND LUMBAU, S. Können Anopheles-Mücken auf den Menschen Malaria übertragen, ohne sich durch Besuch von Malariakranken verseucht zu haben? Können dieselben sich die Infektion aus anderen Tieren als dem Menschen holen? Centralbl. f. Bakt. 1 Abt. Orig. 1912, July 3, Vol. 65, No. 1-3, pp. 105-112 Conclusions: Anophelines which have not fed on malarial patients cannot infect man; feeding on infected birds or animals other than man, does not make them infective for man.

GRAY, HAROLD FARNSWORTH. Malarial control in California. Amer. Jour Pub. Health, Vol. II, No. 6, 1912, pp. 452-455. Record of the work since 1910.

STAMMERS, MAJOR AND DAVYS, CAPT. Apyrexial malaria carriers. Jour Roy Army Med. Corps Vol. XVIII, No. 3, March, 1912. Some people may carry the malarial parasites without showing signs of the fever.

STRYKE, A. C. The life-cycle of the malarial parasite. Ento. News, Vol. XXIII, No. 5, May, 1912, pp. 221-223. Diagram to show development of parasite in man and mosquito.

THOMPSON, J. G. AND MCLELLAN, S. W. Note by Ross. The cultivation of one generation of malarial parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) in vitro, by Bass's method. Ann. Trop. Med. & Par. Vol. 6, No. 4, December 30, 1912. pp. 449-459.

YELLOW FEVER

AGRAMONTE, A. The so-called parasite of Yellow fever. Med. Rec. March 30, 1912, annotation in Jour. Trop. Med. & Hyg. May, 1912, pp. 136-137. Criticism

of Seidelin's article in Yellow Fever Bull. Doubts whether the bodies Seidelin found are parasites.

GUITERAS, JUAN. A false alarm of yellow fever (Cuba) and how it was met by Health Department. Amer. Jour. Pub. Health, Vol. II, March, 1912. pp. 170173. Buildings where suspected cases were found were covered with canvas and fumigated with sulphur.

LICEAGA, EDUARDO. Annual report on yellow fever in the Mexican Republic. Amer. Jour. Pub. Health, 1912, Vol. II, No. 3, pp. 174-181. Cites a case that he believes does not come within the generally accepted theory of mosquito transmission.

SEIDELIN, HARALD. Yellow fever prophylaxis. Yel. Fev. Bur. Bull. Vol. I, No. 10, February, 1912. Abstract in Jour. Trop. Med. & Hyg. XV, May 1, 1912. Discusses various prophylactic measures but concludes that mosquito destruction is the only radical measure.

SEIDELIN, HARALD. Report of yellow fever expedition to Yucatan 1911-12. Yel. Fev. Bur. Bul. Vol. II, No. 2, October, 1912, pp. 123–124. Contains notes on Stegomyia and its importance.

THEOBALD, F. V. The distribution of the yellow fever mosquito and general notes on its bionomics. Int. Ent. Cong. II, pp. 145–170.

Yellow fever epidemiology. Yel. Fev. Bul. Vol. I, No. 9, June, 1912, pp. 291–293. Several recent isolated outbreaks are inexplicable according to our present actual knowledge. The suggestion has been made that the germs may be found in some other animals, but absolutely nothing to support such a theory.

The outbreak of yellow fever in Yucatan. Yel. Fev. Bul. Vol. I, No. 10, February, 1912, pp. 335-337. Discusses the probable origin of this outbreak.

Yellow fever in 1912. Yel. Fev. Bur. Bull. Vol. II, No. 2, October, 1912. pp. 121122. Notes on reported cases.

BAHR, P. H.

FILARIASIS

Filariasis in Fiji. Jour. Trop. Med. & Hyg. Vol. XV, March 1, 1912, pp. 77-79. Report on a paper read before the Soc. Trop. Med. & Hyg. January, 1912. Cause of the disease, effect on the patient and means of transmission and control.

BANCROFT, THOS. L. The prevention of filariasis. Australasian Med. Gaz. January 27, 1912, Vol. XXXI, No. 4. Annotation in Jour. Trop. Med. & Hyg. Vol. XV, March 15, pp.92-93. Prophylactic measures recommended. Destroy breeding places of C. fatigans.

Low, GEO. C. The life of filarial embryos outside the body. Jour. Trop. Med. & Hyg. Vol. 15, No. 22, November 15, 1912, pp. 338–339.

LEPROSY

CANTLE, J. Our knowledge of leprosy. Jour. Trop. Med. & Hyg. Vol. XV, March 1, 1912, pp. 74-77. Notes on the attention that is being paid to this disease, the possibility of its being transmitted in various ways.

CURRIE, D. H. AND HOLLMANN, H. T. Further observations on rat leprosy. Pub. Health Bull. 50, 1912. Further evidence that the mites infecting rats may be responsible for transmitting this disease but no positive evidence that this is the

case.

FOULERTON, A. G. R. As to the nature of the parasites of leprosy and tuberculosis. Brit. Med. Jour. February 10, 1912, p. 300. Believes that the causative

agent is not a bacillus but a Streptothrix and called S. lepræ. (This belongs to a group placed by Hiss & Zinsser among the "higher bacteria." It has branch ng threads or mycelia and produces spores, hence, it would seem, is more liable to be transmitted by insects than if it were a true bacillus.)

LONG, EDWARD C. A note on the transmission of leprosy. Jour. Trop. Med & Hyg. March 1, 1912, from Med. Rep. fr. Basutoland, 1910. Experiments seem to show that bedbugs biting leprous patients contain the Bacillus lepræ and that they may transmit them.

Our present knowledge of leprosy. Leading article in Brit. Med. Jour. June 2, 1912. Recent studies seem to show that causative organism may not be a bacillus as it has a more complicated life history. Many experiments seem to indicate that it may be transmitted by some insect such as house flies, biting flies, mosquitoes, fleas, lice, bugs, mites, ticks, and bedbugs being particularly suspected.

HOUSEFLY

BRITTON, W. E. The housefly as a disease carrier and how controlled. Pub by Conn. Sta. Bd. of Health, 1912. Life history and habits. Methods of control BRITTON, W. E. The role of the housefly and certain other insects in the spread of human diseases. Pop. Sci. Mo., July, 1912. Tells how disease may be transmitted by insects and discusses flies, mosquitoes, fleas etc.

BRITTON, W. E. The housefly and its relation to typhoid fever. Proc. Sixth San. Conf. HI. Of, of Conn. April, 1912, pp. 18. (Hartford.)

Cox, G. LISSANT, Lewis, F. C. and Glynn, E. E. The number and varieties of bacteria carried by the common housefly in sanitary and insanitary city areas Jour. Hyg Vol. 12, No. 3, October, 1912, pp. 290 312. Finds that the flies in insan)tary areas contain many more bacteria, 800,000 to 500,000,000 per fly. Methoxin used in making the experiments, a review of previous experiments and a list of references are given.

GRAHAM-SMITH, G. S. Houseflies. Bedrock, No. 2, July 1912, pp. 205 223 Refers to the time when bedbugs were very common pests in many places and m.ggests that our descendants may look with as much surprise upon our tolerance, cả fles. Interesting notes on the methods of feeding and infection experiments Słowa that various bacteria including disease-producing germs may be found on the boxiy and in the intestine from two to ten days or more.

HEWITT, C. GORDON. Observations on the range of flight of flies Rep Local Gvt Bd Pub. Health & Med Sub 1912 (ns No 66), pp 1 14. Experiments to show how far flies may fly from their breeding grounds Seven hundred yards was the greatest range in these experiments

HODGE, C. F. A new fly trap. Jour Econ Ent Vol 6, No 1, February, 191 & pp 110 112 Description of a large trap that has proved successful

LUMSDEN, LL The causation and prevention of typhoid fever Pub Heath, & Mar. How Ser Bul 51, 1912 Discusses among other sources of danger the insanitary privies

NICHOLLS LUCIUS. Transmission of pathogenic micro-organisms by flies in Saint Lucia Bul Ent Res Vol III, pt 1, May, 1912, pp. 81 88. Experiments with flies breeding in human excrement, how some of them may carry germs from man to man directly or through his food

PAINE, JH The housefly in its relation to city garbage. Psyche, Vol XIX, No 5, October, 1912, pp 156 159 More than 22 per cent of the swarms of flies that breed in garbage cans are house fles

Richardson, CH An undescribed hymenopterous parasite of the hous fly.