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Mr. M. P. Somes, formerly assistant to the State Entomologist of Minnesota, has recently been appointed Assistant Professor of Entomology at Clemson College, S. C.

Mr. Arthur M. Lea, formerly of the Department of Agriculture at Hobart, Tasmania, is now Entomologist of the museum at Adelaide, South Australia.

According to Science, Major Sir Ronald Ross, professor of tropical Sanitation in the University of Liverpool, has been appointed physician for tropical diseases in King's College Hospital, and will commence his duties next autumn after the removal of the hospital to Denmark Hill.

The American Association of Horticultural Inspectors and the American Association of Apiary Inspectors will hereafter be affiliated with the American Association of Economic Entomology, and will hold their meetings as sections of that association. This matter has been under consideration for some time and final action was taken at the recent meetings at Cleveland.

Dr. E. F. Phillips in charge of bee culture of the Bureau of Entomology, is conducting some apicultural investigations this winter at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

Prof. Wilmon Newell, College Station, Texas, was thrown from a carriage in November and badly injured his ankle. He discarded his crutches on starting for the meetings at Cleveland.

The following item appeared in American Fruits: "Albert B. Scammel for the past six years county horticulturist of Mesa County, Colo., has resigned, and will go to Atlantic City, N. J., to take up the study of insect problems under the United States Bureau of Entomology.

According to Science a national and international testimonial is planned for Dr. Patrick Manson on the occasion of his retirement in recognition of his work in tropical medicine. A portrait and perhaps a scholarship in tropical medicine has been suggested for the national and a gold medallion for the international testimonials.

Mr. D. M. Rogers now has charge of the Federal Quarantine Inspection Service in the gypsy and brown-tail moth section of New England. All scouting and control work west of Worcester and Providence has been placed in charge of Mr. L. H. Worthley.

The State Beekeepers Association of Massachusetts was formed at Worcester, September 14, and provisional officers were elected as follows: President, John L. Byard; Vice-President, J. B. Levens; Secretary-Treasurer, Burton N. Gates.

Mr. Harrison E. Smith of the Gypsy Moth parasite laboratory has been transferred to the Cereal and Forage Crop Insect Investigations of the Bureau of Entomology and is now located at the laboratory at Wellington, Kans.

Mr. Harry S. Smith of the Bureau of Entomology, recently engaged in alfalfa weevil investigations at Salt Lake City, Utah, has accepted a position in charge of the insectary of the State Commission of Horticulture, Sacramento, Cal.

Dr. William A. Buckhout, Professor of Botany and Horticulture in Pennsylvania State College, died December 3, 1912, aged 66 years. He was the author of a number of articles on economic entomology, published in journals and in reports of the State Board of Agriculture and of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station.

According to Science Dr. L. O. Howard acted as toastmaster at a complimentary dinner given December 13th at the Cosmos Club to Dr. Theodore N. Gill, "in com

memoration of the seventy-fifth year of his life and of the fifty-fifth year of his publishing activities as a naturalist." More than one hundred attended.

Mr. J. F. Illingworth of the Davey School of Tree Surgery, began his work January 1, 1913, as Professor of Entomology in the University of Hawaii at Honolulu. Mr. Illingworth was formerly at Cornell University where he investigated the apple and cherry maggots. The results of these studies will soon appear in bulletins of the Cornell Station.

According to Science Professor "Edgar M. Ledyard who spent the past year at the University of Michigan where he put the entomological collection in order and left some sixty thousand Philippine insects, has returned to his work as assistant professor in entomology" in the University of the Phillippines.

Prof. P. F. Williams, State Horticulturist of Alabama, died of tuberculosis at Ashville, N. C., December 4, 1912. Professor Williams was born at Natick, Mass., September 15, 1883, was graduated from the Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1905, and in 1908 assumed the duties of assistant horticulturist at the Alabama Station. Upon the resignation of R. S. Mackintosh in 1910, Williams was appointed State Horticulturist, Professor of horticulture, and head of the department in the college and station. He had charge of the nursery inspection work. A widow and two young children survive him.

At the recent meeting of the Entomological Society of America, held at Cleveland, December 31 and January 1, the following officers were elected:

President, Prof. C. J. S. Bethune, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ont.
First Vice-President, Prof. Philip P. Calvert, University of Pennsylvania.
Second Vice-President, Prof. W. M. Marshall, University of Wisconsin.
Secretary-Treasurer, Doctor Alex. D. MacGillivray, University of Illinois.
Additional members of Executive Committee:

Prof. Herbert Osborn, Ohio State University.
Prof. V. L. Kellogg, Stanford University.
Dr. J. G. Needham, Cornell University.

C. T. Brues, Bussey Institute, Harvard University.
Nathan Banks, U. S. National Museum.

Prof. C. P. Gillette, Director Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station.
Member of Committee on Nomenclature:

E. P. Felt, New York State Entomologist.

The annual address was given Wednesday evening, January 1, on "An Entomologist in Costa Rica" and was illustrated with lantern slides

FEDERAL QUARANTINE NOTICE

Mexican fruit fly Trypela ludens). Under authority of the Plant Quarantine Act, the Secretary of Agriculture, Hon. James Wilson has declared a quarantine against this insect and forbids the importation into the United States from the Republic of Mexico, of the following fruits or their horticultural varieties: Oranges, sweet limes, mangoes, Achras sapotes, peaches, guavas and plums.

Mailed February 25, 1913.

OF

ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY

OFFICIAL ORGAN AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS

VOL. 6

APRIL, 1913

No. 2

Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Association of Economic

Entomologists

(Continued from page 112)

PRESIDENT W. D. HUNTER: The next paper will be by Mr. W. J. Schoene on "Notes on Comparative Tests with Zinc Arsenite and Arsenate of Lead."

NOTES ON COMPARATIVE TESTS WITH ZINC ARSENITE AND ARSENATE OF LEAD

By W. J. SCHOENE

The statement has been made that in proportion to its arsenical content zinc arsenite is more toxic to insects than arsenate of lead. In order to determine this point feeding tests were arranged to secure more data regarding the comparative efficiency of these poisons. At the same time experiments were made to determine the effect of zinc arsenite on foliage.

Most of the feeding tests were made in the laboratory, the foliage being usually sprayed with an aspirator. Sometimes leaves were taken from especially treated trees in the field. Arsenate of lead and zinc arsenite were used singly and in combination with bordeaux, lime-sulphur, molasses, glucose, soap, glue and lime. One sample of lead arsenate paste was taken as a standard for comparison and the poisons were used at the rate of 3 pounds of lead or 1 pound of zinc to 50 gallons of spray. The lead contained 17.75 per cent arsenic oxide and the zinc 40.28 per cent arsenious oxide. To ascertain its safeness to foliage zinc arsenite was applied to apple, pear, peach, elm, willow, cabbage and potato. The insects employed in the feeding tests were the spiny-elm caterpillar (Euvanessa antiopa L.), fall web

worm (Hyphantria cunea Dru.), zebra caterpillar (Mamestra picta Harris), and willow beetle (Lina scripta Fab.). This paper deals with the effects of these compounds on the insects and on apple foliage.

The results of the feeding tests are briefly summarized as follows: (1) The most striking difference in the action of the poisons was noted in several experiments when the caterpillars were on the tree at the time of treatment or placed on the foliage while it was wet with the spray. Under these conditions the zinc had double the speed, as compared with the lead poison. This difference was not so noticeable with larvæ of the willow beetle.

(2) In all of the other feeding tests there were no important differences regarding speed of action in favor of either poison. The results varied but the zinc combinations were slightly quicker in most experiments.

(3) Likewise there was no great difference in the sticking properties of these poisons. The adhesive quality was very well shown in some tests in which the sprayed foliage was subject to the action of the weather for periods of 3 days, 8 days and 24 days. The conspicuous result of these latter experiments is that, both when first applied and when subject to weather action, zinc arsenite or arsenate of lead used alone were equal in effectiveness.

(4) All the combinations were at first more or less repellent, but when exposed to the weather the poisons in question, either singly or with lime-sulphur, soon lost this quality and became more attractive to the caterpillars; while with combinations containing bordeaux and soap there was only a slight loss in the repellent properties during the experiment. With most of the combinations a reduction in efficiency was coincident with the loss of the distastefulness of sprayed foliage.

In our spraying experiments zinc arsenite did not injure apple foliage when used with lime or with bordeaux mixture. There was slight marginal injury in one experiment with lime-sulphur. In all of the other tests where zinc was used alone or in combination with soap or glucose there was more or less browning of the margins of the leaves with crescentic rings about ruptured areas in the epidermis.

PRESIDENT W. D. HUNTER: This paper is before the Association for discussion.

A. W. MORRILL: I have been especially interested in arsenite of zine during the past season in connection with the control of the bean lady bug. The foliage of the bean appears to be unusually susceptible to injury by arsenical insecticides. Our experiments so far are not conclusive, but the brands of zine arsenite so far tested on the bean have been a little more injurious than arsenate of lead.

Apparently different lots prepared by the same manufacturers differ considerably in regard to injuriousness to plants. The "Ortho" brand arsenite of zinc is now recommended by the manufacturers to be used with equal parts of commercial iron sulphide. This is said to neutralize the injurious effects.

PRESIDENT W. D. HUNTER: Any further discussion. The chairman believes that Dr. Ball is not present. The next paper is by W. C. O'Kane, on "Arsenical Residues on Fruit."

ARSENICAL RESIDUES ON FRUIT

By W. C. O'KANE, Durham, N. H.

(Withdrawn for publication elsewhere.)

PRESIDENT W. D. HUNTER: Any discussion on this paper? MR. E. P. FELT: I was interested in the paper because for some years questions have been coming to me along that line. We all know that the amount of arsenate of lead used for spraying shade trees has been increased. Our experiments show that arsenate of lead remains on the trees some time. I believe in using poisons, and even after hearing the evidence, we should all be careful and not advise the use of too much.

MR. C. L. MARLATT: I would like to inquire as to the cumulative effects of arsenate of lead.

DR. HALL: In reply to this question I will say as a physician, and not as an entomologist, that arsenic is a drug that one can get a tolerance for. Small quantities act as a tonic and the amount that can be taken without showing any serious effects can be increased from time to time.

MR. R. W. BRAUCHER: In regard to animals being injured by lead poisoning, I will say that in an orchard where I worked last summer one cow was killed and two made sick. Investigation showed that the trouble was not caused from spraying but was due to the animals licking the dry residue on the inside of some of the barrels which had contained lead and which were carelessly placed on a dump in the pasture.

MR. A. F. BURGESS: I would like to make one suggestion in regard to the results of experiments given in the paper by Mr. O'Kane. You will note that the spraying was carried on in August shortly after the small brown-tail caterpillars had hatched. Such spraying of course, leaves a heavy residue on the foliage and fruit, but it is not necessary to spray at this season of the year except in regions where the brown-tail moth exists. In nearly all the orchard sections

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